NPASS Compound

Natural Product: NPC478841

Natural Product ID	NPC478841
Common Name ? The InCHIKey will be temporarily assigned as the "Common Name" if no IUPAC name or alternative short name is available.	QSOINUFDMMDDSM-ANRHJZJOSA-N
IUPAC Name	n.a.
Synonyms
Synthetic Gene Cluster	n.a.
ChEMBL Identifier	n.a.
PubChem CID	n.a.
Chemical Classification	CHEMONTID:0000000 [Organic compounds]

The Chemical Classification was calculated by Classyfire, a software for chemical taxonomy calculation. Reference: DOI:10.1186/s13321-016-0174-y.

Chemical Representations

RDKit 3D 89 94 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000 4.4764 3.2174 1.9262 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.8048 2.3468 0.9834 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.2163 2.9271 -0.3266 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.7710 0.8719 1.2059 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.1637 0.3793 0.7708 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.9202 -0.5501 -0.4219 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.5406 -1.0590 -0.0528 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.8331 -1.7091 -1.2000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.4377 -2.0348 -0.7067 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.6776 -0.7209 -0.4360 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.6105 -0.0058 -1.7309 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.4608 -0.0399 0.6605 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.7033 1.1320 1.2578 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.4192 0.4855 1.8184 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.3706 0.0538 0.6325 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.8538 -0.0351 0.8580 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.2583 -0.8434 2.0391 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.2993 1.4062 1.1642 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.7998 1.5377 1.1355 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.3737 1.0550 -0.1402 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.9568 -0.3498 -0.5086 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.7303 -1.3827 0.2301 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.3638 -0.4672 -1.9877 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.7383 -0.2720 -2.0145 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.1631 0.9049 -1.4681 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.8192 2.1303 -2.2569 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.6963 0.8374 -1.4075 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.7448 1.1016 -0.1534 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.4870 -0.4536 -0.4396 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.9349 -1.8048 -0.8031 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.4848 -1.5555 -1.2481 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2821 -1.1217 -0.0037 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.4088 -2.3362 0.8584 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.8310 0.2407 0.2374 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.7354 -1.9546 1.0911 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.3025 -1.7734 2.2388 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.4731 -3.1092 0.8601 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.4954 4.2823 1.7859 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.1733 2.8331 2.8880 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.3647 2.2079 -1.1251 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.4381 3.6562 -0.6994 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.1228 3.5798 -0.1579 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.5841 0.6522 2.2583 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.6707 -0.1534 1.5912 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.8157 1.1768 0.4269 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.6750 -1.3582 -0.3434 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.9985 -0.0734 -1.3865 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.2829 -2.6802 -1.4954 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.8548 -1.0437 -2.0667 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.6044 -2.5593 0.2808 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.9030 -2.6809 -1.4008 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.7987 0.7409 -1.8290 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.3777 -0.7856 -2.5192 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.5114 0.4800 -2.0921 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.4870 -0.7723 1.4889 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.2460 1.4591 2.1550 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.4279 1.9002 0.5409 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.0286 1.2293 2.4637 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.7321 -0.3780 2.4599 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.2759 0.9020 -0.1161 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.0339 -0.3247 2.6817 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.3812 -0.9379 2.7463 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.7138 -1.8220 1.8067 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.0197 1.5788 2.2440 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.8072 2.1370 0.5286 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.3100 1.1077 1.9950 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.9964 2.6493 1.1849 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.9874 1.7249 -0.9620 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.9492 -1.1265 1.2895 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.2909 -2.3762 0.0882 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.7500 -1.4375 -0.2572 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.8297 0.3098 -2.5937 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.1694 -1.4555 -2.3990 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.5707 2.9994 -1.6115 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.6910 2.4699 -2.8873 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.9647 1.9826 -2.9410 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -8.1393 1.3222 -2.2818 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -8.0101 -0.2429 -1.3144 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -8.0825 1.3244 -0.4909 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.0751 0.2624 -1.2154 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.4213 -2.2385 -1.7207 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.0261 -2.5640 -0.0316 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.1117 -2.4945 -1.6569 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.5829 -0.7361 -1.9949 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.5311 -2.6753 1.3349 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.1435 -2.2731 1.6731 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.6725 -3.1877 0.1581 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.9160 0.8509 -0.6987 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.4605 -3.8437 1.5559 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 2 0 2 3 1 0 2 4 1 0 4 5 1 0 5 6 1 0 6 7 1 0 7 8 1 0 8 9 1 0 9 10 1 0 10 11 1 6 10 12 1 0 12 13 1 0 13 14 1 0 14 15 1 0 15 16 1 0 16 17 1 1 16 18 1 0 18 19 1 0 19 20 1 0 20 21 1 0 21 22 1 1 21 23 1 0 23 24 1 0 24 25 1 0 25 26 1 0 25 27 1 0 25 28 1 0 21 29 1 0 29 30 1 0 30 31 1 0 31 32 1 0 32 33 1 1 12 34 1 0 7 35 1 1 35 36 2 0 35 37 1 0 34 4 1 0 34 7 1 0 32 10 1 0 32 15 1 0 29 16 1 0 28 20 1 0 1 38 1 0 1 39 1 0 3 40 1 0 3 41 1 0 3 42 1 0 4 43 1 1 5 44 1 0 5 45 1 0 6 46 1 0 6 47 1 0 8 48 1 0 8 49 1 0 9 50 1 0 9 51 1 0 11 52 1 0 11 53 1 0 11 54 1 0 12 55 1 1 13 56 1 0 13 57 1 0 14 58 1 0 14 59 1 0 15 60 1 6 17 61 1 0 17 62 1 0 17 63 1 0 18 64 1 0 18 65 1 0 19 66 1 0 19 67 1 0 20 68 1 6 22 69 1 0 22 70 1 0 22 71 1 0 23 72 1 0 23 73 1 0 26 74 1 0 26 75 1 0 26 76 1 0 27 77 1 0 27 78 1 0 27 79 1 0 29 80 1 6 30 81 1 0 30 82 1 0 31 83 1 0 31 84 1 0 33 85 1 0 33 86 1 0 33 87 1 0 34 88 1 6 37 89 1 0 M END

Standard InCHIKey	QSOINUFDMMDDSM-ANRHJZJOSA-N
Standard InCHI	InChI=1S/C33H52O4/c1-20(2)21-11-16-33(27(34)35)18-17-31(7)22(26(21)33)9-10-24-29(5)14-13-25-30(6,19-36-28(3,4)37-25)23(29)12-15-32(24,31)8/h21-26H,1,9-19H2,2-8H3,(H,34,35)/t21-,22+,23+,24+,25-,26+,29-,30-,31+,32+,33-/m0/s1
SMILES	C=C(C)[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@]3(C)[C@H](CC[C@@H]4[C@@]5(C)CC[C@H]6[C@@](C)(COC(C)(C)O6)[C@@H]5CC[C@@]34C)[C@@H]12)C(=O)O

Calculated Properties

Physi-Chem Properties

Molecular Weight:	512.39	Volume:	557.873 ? Van der Waals volume.
Dense:	0.918	LogP:	4.568 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficients.
logD7.4:	3.779 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficient at pH=7.4.	LogS:	-5.289 ? The logarithm of aqueous solubility value.
Rotatable Bonds:	2.0	Rigid Bonds:	32.0
TPSA:	55.76 ? Topological Polar Surface Area.	H-Bond Acceptor:	4.0
H-Bond Donor:	1.0	Rings:	6.0
Heavy Atoms:	4.0

MedChem Properties

QED Drug-Likeness Score:	0.383	GASA:	0.0 ? GASA represents the probability of being difficult to synthesize, ranging from 0 to 1.
Synthetic Accessibility Score:	5.03	Fsp³:	0.909
MCE-18:	120.127 ? MCE-18 stands for medicinal chemistry evolution.MCE-18≥45 is considered a suitable value.	Lipinski Rule-of-5:	Rejected
Pfizer Rule:	Accepted	GSK Rule:	Accepted
Golden Triangle Rule:	Accepted	BMS Rule:	0
Chelating Alert:	0	PAINS Alert:	0
Colloidal aggregators:	0.933	Fluc inhibitor:	0.0 ? The fluc inhibitor value is the probability of being fLuc inhibitors, within the range of 0 to 1.
Blue fluorescence:	0.003 ? The blue fluorescence value is the probability of being blue fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1	Green fluorescence:	0.0 ? The green fluorescence value is the probability of being green fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1
Reactive compounds:	0.33	Promiscuous compounds:	0.356

ADMET Properties (ADMETlab3.0)

ADMET: Absorption

Caco-2 Permeability:	-5.236	MDCK Permeability:	-4.997
Pgp-inhibitor:	0.002	Pgp-substrate:	0.001
PAMPA:	0.813 ? The experimental data for Peff was logarithmically transformed (logPeff). Molecules with log Peff values below 2.0 were classified as low-permeability (Category 0), while those with log Peff values exceeding 2.5 were classified as high-permeability (Category 1).	Human Intestinal Absorption (HIA):	0.0
20% Bioavailability (F20%):	0.038	30% Bioavailability (F30%):	0.017
50% Bioavailability (F50%):	0.572

ADMET: Distribution

Blood-Brain-Barrier Penetration (BBB):	0.97	MRP1:	0.97
Plasma Protein Binding (PPB):	97.201%	Volume Distribution (VD):	-0.228
Fu:	2.978% ? The fraction unbound in plasms.	OATP1B1 inhibitor:	0.996
OATP1B3 inhibitor:	0.5	BCRP inhibitor:	0.535
BSEP inhibitor:	0.863

ADMET: Metabolism

CYP1A2-inhibitor:	0.002	CYP1A2-substrate:	0.0
CYP2C19-inhibitor:	0.899	CYP2C19-substrate:	0.005
CYP2C9-inhibitor:	0.392	CYP2C9-substrate:	0.0
CYP2D6-inhibitor:	0.0	CYP2D6-substrate:	0.0
CYP3A4-inhibitor:	0.015	CYP3A4-substrate:	0.139
CYP2B6-substrate:	0.0	CYP2C8-inhibitor:	0.034
HLM stability:	0.002 ? Human liver microsomal (HLM) stability. Category 0: stable+ (HLM > 30 min); Category 1: unstable- (HLM ≤ 30 min). The output value is the probability of human liver microsomal instability, where a value closer to 1 indicates a higher likelihood of instability.

ADMET: Excretion

Clearance (CL):

5.657

Half-life (T1/2):

0.77

ADMET: Toxicity

hERG Blockers:	0.045	hERG Blockers (10um):	0.109
Human Hepatotoxicity (H-HT):	0.887	Drug-induced Liver Injury (DILI):	0.883
AMES Toxicity:	0.399	Rat Oral Acute Toxicity:	0.499
Maximum Recommended Daily Dose:	0.169	Skin Sensitization:	0.894
Carcinogencity:	0.992	Eye Corrosion:	0.14
Eye Irritation:	0.753	Respiratory Toxicity:	0.952
Drug-induced Neurotoxicity:	0.003	Ototoxicity:	0.665
Hematotoxicity:	0.164	Drug-induced Nephrotoxicity:	0.263
Genotoxicity:	0.18	RPMI-8226 Immunitoxicity:	0.002
A549 Cytotoxicity:	0.015	Hek293 Cytotoxicity:	0.216
BCF:	1.795 ? Bioconcentration factors are used for considering secondary poisoning potential and assessing risks to human health via the food chain. The unit is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	IGC50:	4.126 ? 48 hour Tetrahymena pyriformis IGC50. The unit of IGC50 is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].
LC50DM:	5.386 ? 48 hour Daphnia magna LC50. The unit of LC50DM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	LC50FM:	4.944 ? 96 hour fathead minnow LC50. The unit of LC50FM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].

Species Source

Organism ID	Organism Name	Taxonomy Level	Family	SuperKingdom	Isolation Part	Collection Location	Collection Time	Reference
NPO9798	Paeonia lactiflora	Species	Paeoniaceae	Eukaryota	Seeds	Henan province, China		DOI[10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109416]
NPO9798	Paeonia lactiflora	Species	Paeoniaceae	Eukaryota	Seeds	Gansu province, China		DOI[10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109416]
NPO9798	Paeonia lactiflora	Species	Paeoniaceae	Eukaryota	Seeds	Anhui province, China		DOI[10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109416]
NPO9798	Paeonia lactiflora	Species	Paeoniaceae	Eukaryota	Seeds	Shanxi province, China		DOI[10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109416]
NPO9798	Paeonia lactiflora	Species	Paeoniaceae	Eukaryota	Seeds	Shandong province, China		DOI[10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109416]
NPO9798	Paeonia lactiflora	Species	Paeoniaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	root	n.a.	DOI[10.2174/092986712800229032]
NPO9798	Paeonia lactiflora	Species	Paeoniaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[19402674]
NPO9798	Paeonia lactiflora	Species	Paeoniaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	root	n.a.	PMID[19721258]
NPO9798	Paeonia lactiflora	Species	Paeoniaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	root	n.a.	PMID[19772486]
NPO9798	Paeonia lactiflora	Species	Paeoniaceae	Eukaryota	Roots	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[20806783]
NPO9798	Paeonia lactiflora	Species	Paeoniaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	root	n.a.	PMID[21782011]
NPO9798	Paeonia lactiflora	Species	Paeoniaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	root	n.a.	PMID[22190295]
NPO9798	Paeonia lactiflora	Species	Paeoniaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	seed	n.a.	PMID[23497864]
NPO9798	Paeonia lactiflora	Species	Paeoniaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	root	n.a.	PMID[26838074]
NPO9798	Paeonia lactiflora	Species	Paeoniaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	root	n.a.	PMID[27313650]
NPO9798	Paeonia lactiflora	Species	Paeoniaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	root	n.a.	PMID[27429639]
NPO9798	Paeonia lactiflora	Species	Paeoniaceae	Eukaryota	Roots	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[29741372]
NPO9798	Paeonia lactiflora	Species	Paeoniaceae	Eukaryota	Seeds	HeZe, ShanDong, China	early autumn (from August to the beginning of September	PMID[32545196]
NPO9798	Paeonia lactiflora	Species	Paeoniaceae	Eukaryota	Roots	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[32951423]
NPO9798	Paeonia lactiflora	Species	Paeoniaceae	Eukaryota	Seeds	Xinjiang,China		PMID[33063333]
NPO9798	Paeonia lactiflora	Species	Paeoniaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO9798	Paeonia lactiflora	Species	Paeoniaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO9798	Paeonia lactiflora	Species	Paeoniaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO9798	Paeonia lactiflora	Species	Paeoniaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO9798	Paeonia lactiflora	Species	Paeoniaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TM-MC]
NPO9798	Paeonia lactiflora	Species	Paeoniaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP source organism data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated them from below databases:
☉ UNPD: Universal Natural Products Database [PMID: 23638153].
☉ StreptomeDB: a database of streptomycetes natural products [PMID: 33051671].
☉ TM-MC: a database of medicinal materials and chemical compounds in Northeast Asian traditional medicine [PMID: 26156871].
☉ TCM@Taiwan: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 21253603].
☉ TCMID: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 29106634].
☉ TCMSP: The traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform [PMID: 24735618].
☉ HerDing: a herb recommendation system to treat diseases using genes and chemicals [PMID: 26980517].
☉ MetaboLights: a metabolomics database [PMID: 27010336].
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

NP Quantity Composition/Concentration

Organism ID	Organism Name	Organism Material Preparation	Organism Part	NP Quantity (Standard)	NP Quantity (Minimum)	NP Quantity (Maximum)	Quantity Unit	Reference

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP quantitative records for specific NP domains (e.g., NPS from foods or herbs) from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ DUKE: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases.
☉ PHENOL EXPLORER: is the first comprehensive database on polyphenol content in foods [PMID: 24103452], its homepage can be accessed at here.
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

Biological Activity

Activity Type	# Activity
IC50	2
Ratio IC50	1

Activity Type	# Activity
Individual protein	2
Others	1

Molecular-level activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference
NPT203	Individual protein	Carboxylesterase 2	Homo sapiens	IC50	=	1900.0	nM	PMID[32951423]
NPT166	Individual protein	Acyl coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	IC50	=	100.0	nM	PMID[32951423]

In vitro activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Ratio IC50	=	30.0	n.a.	PMID[32951423]

In vivo activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

Experimental ADME

Experiment Model	Experiment Tissue	ADME Type	ADME Relation	ADME Value	ADME Unit	Reference

Experimental Toxicity

Quantitative toxicity

Experiment Model	Experiment Organism	Toxicity Type	Toxicity Relation	Toxicity Value	Toxicity Unit	Reference

Common Abbreviations:
LC: Lethal Concentration; LD: Lethal Dose; LT:Lethal Time; NOAEL: No-observed-adverse-effect Level; BMDL: Benchmark Dose Lower Confidence Limit; BMD: Benchmark Dose; BMC:Benchmark Concentration; LOAEL: Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level; RfD:Reference Dose; RfC:Reference Concentration; MRL: Minimal Risk Level; MEG: Maximum Exposure Guideline; PAC: Protective Action Criteria

Categorical toxicity labels

Hepatotoxicity	Carcinogenicity	Mutagenicity	Cardiotoxicity	Respiratory Toxicity	Eye Irritation	Endocrine Disruption

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP toxicity records from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ ToxValDB: a curated database that compiles quantitative toxicity values for chemicals from diverse public sources to support toxicological research and risk assessment.
☉ TOXRIC: a comprehensive, free-to-access, online database providing toxicological/feature data. The toxicity labels are retrieved from this database. [PMID: 36400569]

Chemically structural similarity

Similar Active Natural Products in NPASS

Top-200 similar NPs were calculated against the active-NP-set (includes approximately 50,000 NPs with experimentally-derived bioactivity available in NPASS)

Similarity is measured using the Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) , which compares the binary fingerprints of two molecules. Tc is calculated as the intersection divided by the union of '1' bits in the fingerprints, ranging from 0 to 1, with 1 indicating highest similarity.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC478841 and all remaining natural products in the NPASS database.
● The right table: Most similar natural products (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	27050
0.1-0.2	20346
0.2-0.3	2215
0.3-0.4	149
0.4-0.5	57
0.5-0.6	28
0.6-0.7	9
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	0
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	1

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Natural Product ID
1.0	High Similarity	NPC488166
0.6866	Remote Similarity	NPC4309
0.6667	Remote Similarity	NPC160506
0.6471	Remote Similarity	NPC271974
0.6471	Remote Similarity	NPC247312
0.6308	Remote Similarity	NPC68828
0.6176	Remote Similarity	NPC264317
0.6176	Remote Similarity	NPC294438
0.6029	Remote Similarity	NPC192744
0.6	Remote Similarity	NPC201655
0.5857	Remote Similarity	NPC488164
0.5857	Remote Similarity	NPC264005
0.5821	Remote Similarity	NPC246445
0.5634	Remote Similarity	NPC488506
0.5634	Remote Similarity	NPC220498
0.5616	Remote Similarity	NPC475061
0.5584	Remote Similarity	NPC96580
0.55	Remote Similarity	NPC478836
0.5479	Remote Similarity	NPC16377
0.5417	Remote Similarity	NPC213832
0.5352	Remote Similarity	NPC119743
0.5287	Remote Similarity	NPC248287
0.5287	Remote Similarity	NPC234548
0.5281	Remote Similarity	NPC51947
0.5278	Remote Similarity	NPC80590
0.527	Remote Similarity	NPC151191
0.5263	Remote Similarity	NPC608379
0.5205	Remote Similarity	NPC24772
0.5205	Remote Similarity	NPC211162
0.5205	Remote Similarity	NPC183374
0.52	Remote Similarity	NPC601275
0.5169	Remote Similarity	NPC8102
0.5169	Remote Similarity	NPC66894
0.5135	Remote Similarity	NPC195395
0.5132	Remote Similarity	NPC488165
0.5132	Remote Similarity	NPC486704
0.5054	Remote Similarity	NPC205392
0.5054	Remote Similarity	NPC105942

Similar Clinical/Approved Drugs

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC478841 and all drugs/candidates.
● The right table: Most similar clinical/approved drugs (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	6317
0.1-0.2	2777
0.2-0.3	53
0.3-0.4	0
0.4-0.5	0
0.5-0.6	1
0.6-0.7	2
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	0
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Drug ID	Developmental Stage
0.6667	Remote Similarity	NPD8035	Phase 2
0.6176	Remote Similarity	NPD7520	Phase 1
0.5227	Remote Similarity	NPD8034	Phase 2

Bioactivity similarity

Similar Natural Products in NPASS

Similarity level is defined by Bioactivity similarity was calculated based on bioactivity descriptors of compounds. The bioactivity descriptors were calculated by a recently developed AI algorithm Chemical Checker (CC) [Nature Biotechnology, 38:1087–1096, 2020; Nature Communications, 12:3932, 2021], which evaluated bioactivity similarities at five levels:
☉ A: chemistry similarity;
☉ B: biological targets similarity;
☉ C: networks similarity;
☉ D: cell-based bioactivity similarity;
☉ E: similarity based on clinical data.
Those 5 categories of CC bioactivity descriptors were calculated and then subjected to manifold projection using UMAP algorithm, to project all NPs on a 2-Dimensional space. The current NP was highlighted with a small circle in the 2-D map. Below figures: left-to-right, A-to-E.

A: chemistry similarity

B: biological targets similarity

C: networks similarity

D: cell-based bioactivity similarity

E: similarity based on clinical data