NPASS Compound

Structure

NPC41163 OpenBabel06302215222D 32 35 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000 -2.5981 1.5000 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.4641 1.0000 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.3301 1.5000 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.3301 2.5000 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.4641 3.0000 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.5981 2.5000 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.7321 3.0000 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.8660 2.5000 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.0000 3.0000 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.0000 4.0000 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.8660 4.5000 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.8660 5.5000 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.0000 6.0000 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.8660 5.5000 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.8660 4.5000 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.7321 4.0000 0.0000 O 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.0000 7.0000 0.0000 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.7321 4.0000 0.0000 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.8660 1.5000 0.0000 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.0000 1.0000 0.0000 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.8660 1.5000 0.0000 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.7321 1.0000 0.0000 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.7321 0.0000 0.0000 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.8660 -0.5000 0.0000 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.8660 -1.5000 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0000 -2.0000 0.0000 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.0000 -0.0000 0.0000 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.5981 -0.5000 0.0000 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.5981 1.5000 0.0000 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.8660 2.5000 0.0000 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.1962 3.0000 0.0000 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.1962 1.0000 0.0000 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 6 2 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 0 0 0 0 2 3 2 0 0 0 0 3 4 1 0 0 0 0 3 32 1 0 0 0 0 4 5 2 0 0 0 0 4 31 1 0 0 0 0 5 6 1 0 0 0 0 6 7 1 0 0 0 0 7 16 2 0 0 0 0 7 8 1 0 0 0 0 8 9 2 0 0 0 0 8 19 1 0 0 0 0 9 10 1 0 0 0 0 10 15 2 0 0 0 0 10 11 1 0 0 0 0 11 12 2 0 0 0 0 11 18 1 0 0 0 0 12 13 1 0 0 0 0 13 14 2 0 0 0 0 13 17 1 0 0 0 0 14 15 1 0 0 0 0 15 16 1 0 0 0 0 20 19 1 1 0 0 0 20 21 1 0 0 0 0 20 27 1 0 0 0 0 21 22 1 0 0 0 0 21 30 1 1 0 0 0 22 23 1 0 0 0 0 22 29 1 6 0 0 0 23 24 1 0 0 0 0 23 28 1 1 0 0 0 24 25 1 6 0 0 0 24 27 1 0 0 0 0 25 26 1 0 0 0 0 M CHG 1 16 1 M END $$$$

Physi-Chem Properties

Molecular Weight:	449.11
Volume:	414.465
LogP:	0.828
LogD:	0.465
LogS:	-3.848
# Rotatable Bonds:	4
TPSA:	191.6
# H-Bond Aceptor:	11
# H-Bond Donor:	8
# Rings:	4
# Heavy Atoms:	11

MedChem Properties

QED Drug-Likeness Score:	0.203
Synthetic Accessibility Score:	4.25
Fsp3:	0.286
Lipinski Rule-of-5:	Rejected
Pfizer Rule:	Accepted
GSK Rule:	Rejected
BMS Rule:	1
Golden Triangle Rule:	Accepted
Chelating Alert:	1
PAINS Alert:	1

ADMET Properties (ADMETlab2.0)

ADMET: Absorption

Caco-2 Permeability:	-6.354
MDCK Permeability:	6.3626703195041046e-06
Pgp-inhibitor:	0.008
Pgp-substrate:	0.941
Human Intestinal Absorption (HIA):	0.609
20% Bioavailability (F20%):	0.061
30% Bioavailability (F30%):	0.999

ADMET: Distribution

Blood-Brain-Barrier Penetration (BBB):	0.022
Plasma Protein Binding (PPB):	90.70873260498047%
Volume Distribution (VD):	0.746
Pgp-substrate:	14.119747161865234%

ADMET: Metabolism

CYP1A2-inhibitor:	0.23
CYP1A2-substrate:	0.045
CYP2C19-inhibitor:	0.019
CYP2C19-substrate:	0.051
CYP2C9-inhibitor:	0.006
CYP2C9-substrate:	0.258
CYP2D6-inhibitor:	0.057
CYP2D6-substrate:	0.194
CYP3A4-inhibitor:	0.021
CYP3A4-substrate:	0.009

ADMET: Excretion

Clearance (CL):	9.15
Half-life (T1/2):	0.879

ADMET: Toxicity

hERG Blockers:	0.055
Human Hepatotoxicity (H-HT):	0.159
Drug-inuced Liver Injury (DILI):	0.969
AMES Toxicity:	0.806
Rat Oral Acute Toxicity:	0.057
Maximum Recommended Daily Dose:	0.033
Skin Sensitization:	0.918
Carcinogencity:	0.057
Eye Corrosion:	0.003
Eye Irritation:	0.789
Respiratory Toxicity:	0.04

Download Data

Data Type	Select
General Info & Identifiers & Properties
Structure MOL file
Source Organisms
Biological Activities
Similar NPs/Drugs

Natural Product: NPC41163

Natural Product ID:	NPC41163
*Common Name:**	RKWHWFONKJEUEF-ZFORQUDYSA-O
IUPAC Name:	n.a.
Synonyms:
Standard InCHIKey:	RKWHWFONKJEUEF-ZFORQUDYSA-O
Standard InCHI:	InChI=1S/C21H20O11/c22-7-16-17(27)18(28)19(29)21(32-16)31-15-6-10-12(25)4-9(23)5-14(10)30-20(15)8-1-2-11(24)13(26)3-8/h1-6,16-19,21-22,27-29H,7H2,(H3-,23,24,25,26)/p+1/t16-,17-,18+,19-,21+/m0/s1
SMILES:	c1cc(c(cc1c1c(cc2c(cc(cc2[o+]1)O)O)O[C@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](CO)O1)O)O)O)O)O
Synthetic Gene Cluster:	n.a.
ChEMBL Identifier:	n.a.
PubChem CID:	n.a.
Chemical Classification:**	CHEMONTID:0000000 [Organic compounds] [CHEMONTID:0000261] Phenylpropanoids and polyketides [CHEMONTID:0000334] Flavonoids [CHEMONTID:0001111] Flavonoid glycosides [CHEMONTID:0001583] Flavonoid O-glycosides [CHEMONTID:0001361] Anthocyanins [CHEMONTID:0002996] Anthocyanidin-3-O-glycosides

*Note: the InCHIKey will be temporarily assigned as the "Common Name" if no IUPAC name or alternative short name is available.
**Note: the Chemical Classification was calculated by NPClassifier Version 1.5. Reference: PMID:34662515.

Species Source

Organism ID	Organism Name	Taxonomy Level	Family	SuperKingdom	Isolation Part	Collection Location	Collection Time	Reference
NPO24176	Streptomyces fradiae	Species	Streptomycetaceae	Bacteria	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[10757717]
NPO23281	Aplysinella rhax	Species	Aplysinellidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[10757728]
NPO24219	Erylus nobilis	Species	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[11421740]
NPO24219	Erylus nobilis	Species	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[11908993]
NPO21963	Hypericum japonicum	Species	Hypericaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[11914965]
NPO24364	Petrosia corticata	Species	Petrosiidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[12350165]
NPO24364	Petrosia corticata	Species	Petrosiidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	Okinawan, Japan	n.a.	PMID[14695804]
NPO24364	Petrosia corticata	Species	Petrosiidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[15332859]
NPO15538	Eucalyptus citriodora	Species	Myrtaceae	Eukaryota	Leaves	the campus of Panjab University, Chandigarh, India		PMID[16989303]
NPO24364	Petrosia corticata	Species	Petrosiidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[17407351]
NPO23281	Aplysinella rhax	Species	Aplysinellidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[17827010]
NPO20637	Piper acutifolium	Species	Piperaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	leaf	n.a.	PMID[18712933]
NPO23924	Psilotum nudum	Species	Psilotaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[20488581]
NPO23499	Carpesium faberi	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	whole plant	Changshou County, Chongqing, China	2008-Aug	PMID[21109433]
NPO4010	Flemingia philippinensis	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	Roots	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[24054487]
NPO4010	Flemingia philippinensis	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	roots	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[24412339]
NPO15538	Eucalyptus citriodora	Species	Myrtaceae	Eukaryota	Essential oil	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[24641242]
NPO24364	Petrosia corticata	Species	Petrosiidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[25987373]
NPO21963	Hypericum japonicum	Species	Hypericaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[27116034]
NPO21963	Hypericum japonicum	Species	Hypericaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[29667821]
NPO24364	Petrosia corticata	Species	Petrosiidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[7807132]
NPO23924	Psilotum nudum	Species	Psilotaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO21625	Bidens tripartita	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO21963	Hypericum japonicum	Species	Hypericaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO22455	Corydalis sewerzowi	Species	Papaveraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO4010	Flemingia philippinensis	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO21625	Bidens tripartita	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO23924	Psilotum nudum	Species	Psilotaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO15538	Eucalyptus citriodora	Species	Myrtaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO21963	Hypericum japonicum	Species	Hypericaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO4010	Flemingia philippinensis	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO22455	Corydalis sewerzowi	Species	Papaveraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO4010	Flemingia philippinensis	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO21963	Hypericum japonicum	Species	Hypericaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO24090	Aplysilla rosea	Species	Darwinellidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	Austrila	n.a.	Database[Title]
NPO12429	Acicarpha tribuloides	Species	Calyceraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO24249	Codonopsis cordifolioidea	Species	Campanulaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO4010	Flemingia philippinensis	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO17737	Lepidorhinus squamosus	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO23211	Xyris indica	Species	Xyridaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO23281	Aplysinella rhax	Species	Aplysinellidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO23739	Staehelina fruticosa	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO24364	Petrosia corticata	Species	Petrosiidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO24090	Aplysilla rosea	Species	Darwinellidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO23114	Cacalia robusta	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO23696	Solanum diflorum	Species	Solanaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO23413	Crematogaster africana	Species	Formicidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO22455	Corydalis sewerzowi	Species	Papaveraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO24219	Erylus nobilis	Species	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO15538	Eucalyptus citriodora	Species	Myrtaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO23924	Psilotum nudum	Species	Psilotaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO23318	Aconitum palmatum	Species	Ranunculaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO13127	Vallaris heynei	Species	Apocynaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO24445	Arbacia pustulosa	Species	Arbaciidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO23920	Amanita pseudoporphyria	Species	Amanitaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO8593	Zygosaccharomyces rouxii	Species	Saccharomycetaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO24290	Claviceps microcephala	Species	Clavicipitaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO18976	Centaurea arbutifolia	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO24005	Mytilus galloprovincialis	Species	Mytilidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO23884	Hippobroma longiflora	Species	Campanulaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO23459	Onoseris alata	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO20998	Machaerium kuhlmannii	Species	Dolichopodidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO23499	Carpesium faberi	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO23610	Aconitum tianschanicum	Species	Ranunculaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO23545	Vellozia streptophylla	Species	Velloziaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO21963	Hypericum japonicum	Species	Hypericaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO22595	Trapa bicornis	Species	Lythraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO23792	Gomphostemma parviflorum	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO23834	Chlamydomonas allensworthii	Species	Chlamydomonadaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO21827	Albatrellus caeruleoporus	Species	Albatrellaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO24408	Ariocarpus fissuratus	Species	Cactaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO21625	Bidens tripartita	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO23043	Cryptolestes pusillus	Species	Laemophloeidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO23961	Scytonema ocellatum	Species	Scytonemataceae	Bacteria	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO738	Dahlstedtia pentaphylla	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO22324	Erium villosum	Species	Pseudococcidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO19535	Senecio zoellneri	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO22143	Genista sessilifolia	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO5782	Aniba rosaeodora	Species	Lauraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO20637	Piper acutifolium	Species	Piperaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO24176	Streptomyces fradiae	Species	Streptomycetaceae	Bacteria	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO24048	Cladonia pityrea	Species	Cladoniaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO23364	Lambertella corni	Species	Rutstroemiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO24132	Euphausia superba	Species	Euphausiidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO16043	Centaurea musimomum	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]

☑ Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP source organism data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated them from below databases:
☉ UNPD: Universal Natural Products Database [PMID: 23638153].
☉ StreptomeDB: a database of streptomycetes natural products [PMID: 33051671].
☉ TM-MC: a database of medicinal materials and chemical compounds in Northeast Asian traditional medicine [PMID: 26156871].
☉ TCM@Taiwan: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 21253603].
☉ TCMID: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 29106634].
☉ TCMSP: The traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform [PMID: 24735618].
☉ HerDing: a herb recommendation system to treat diseases using genes and chemicals [PMID: 26980517].
☉ MetaboLights: a metabolomics database [PMID: 27010336].
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

NP Quantity Composition/Concentration

Organism ID	NP ID	Organism Material Preparation	Organism Part	NP Quantity (Standard)	NP Quantity (Minimum)	NP Quantity (Maximum)	Quantity Unit	Reference

☑ Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP quantitative records for specific NP domains (e.g., NPS from foods or herbs) from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ DUKE: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases.
☉ PHENOL EXPLORER: is the first comprehensive database on polyphenol content in foods [PMID: 24103452], its homepage can be accessed at here.
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

Biological Activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

☑ Note for Activity Records:
☉ The quantitative biological activities were primarily integrated from ChEMBL (Version-30) database and were also directly collected from PubMed literature. PubMed PMID was provided as the reference link for each activity record.

Chemically structural similarity: I. Similar Active Natural Products in NPASS

Top-200 similar NPs were calculated against the active-NP-set (includes 4,3285 NPs with experimentally-derived bioactivity available in NPASS)

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules. Tc lies between [0, 1] where '1' indicates the highest similarity. What is Tanimoto coefficient

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC41163 and all remaining natural products in the NPASS database.
● The right table: Most similar natural products (Tc>=0.56 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	459
0.1-0.2	1877
0.2-0.3	4345
0.3-0.4	9924
0.4-0.5	7999
0.5-0.6	4198
0.6-0.7	5199
0.7-0.8	5329
0.8-0.85	1656
0.85-0.9	1114
0.9-0.95	427
0.95-1	170

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Natural Product ID

Chemically structural similarity: II. Similar Clinical/Approved Drugs

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC41163 and all drugs/candidates.
● The right table: Most similar clinical/approved drugs (Tc>=0.56 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	418
0.1-0.2	953
0.2-0.3	1980
0.3-0.4	2678
0.4-0.5	1751
0.5-0.6	909
0.6-0.7	300
0.7-0.8	122
0.8-0.85	11
0.85-0.9	15
0.9-0.95	12
0.95-1	1

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Drug ID	Developmental Stage

Bioactivity similarity: Similar Natural Products in NPASS

Bioactivity similarity was calculated based on bioactivity descriptors of compounds. The bioactivity descriptors were calculated by a recently developed AI algorithm Chemical Checker (CC) [Nature Biotechnology, 38:1087–1096, 2020; Nature Communications, 12:3932, 2021], which evaluated bioactivity similarities at five levels:
☉ A: chemistry similarity;
☉ B: biological targets similarity;
☉ C: networks similarity;
☉ D: cell-based bioactivity similarity;
☉ E: similarity based on clinical data.

Those 5 categories of CC bioactivity descriptors were calculated and then subjected to manifold projection using UMAP algorithm, to project all NPs on a 2-Dimensional space. The current NP was highlighted with a small circle in the 2-D map. Below figures: left-to-right, A-to-E.

A: chemistry similarity

B: biological targets similarity

C: networks similarity

D: cell-based bioactivity similarity

E: similarity based on clinical data