NPASS Compound

Natural Product: NPC37819

Natural Product ID	NPC37819
Common Name ? The InCHIKey will be temporarily assigned as the "Common Name" if no IUPAC name or alternative short name is available.	KDXKERNSBIXSRK-BXMHHZGSSA-N
IUPAC Name	n.a.
Synonyms
Synthetic Gene Cluster	n.a.
ChEMBL Identifier	n.a.
PubChem CID	11378574
Chemical Classification	CHEMONTID:0000000 [Organic compounds] [CHEMONTID:0000264] Organic acids and derivatives [CHEMONTID:0000265] Carboxylic acids and derivatives [CHEMONTID:0000013] Amino acids, peptides, and analogues [CHEMONTID:0000347] Amino acids and derivatives [CHEMONTID:0000060] Alpha amino acids and derivatives [CHEMONTID:0002404] Alpha amino acids [CHEMONTID:0004146] L-alpha-amino acids

The Chemical Classification was calculated by Classyfire, a software for chemical taxonomy calculation. Reference: DOI:10.1186/s13321-016-0174-y.

Chemical Representations

RDKit 3D 24 23 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000 0.4808 -1.2795 -0.1476 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.4009 -0.6475 0.8436 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.2470 0.4506 0.3062 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.1030 -0.0279 -0.7790 N 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.5091 -0.3789 -0.7752 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.4562 0.2913 0.1792 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.4192 1.1788 -0.5229 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.9715 2.0350 -1.3252 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.7944 1.1218 -0.3473 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.1631 -0.5964 1.0329 N 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.0118 -2.1663 0.3012 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.1235 -1.6922 -0.9719 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.8220 -0.2575 1.7067 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.0721 -1.4314 1.2538 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.7045 1.3221 -0.0646 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.9374 0.8035 1.0989 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.7649 0.3664 -1.7020 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.0900 0.3070 -0.6722 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.1465 -1.0064 -1.4555 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0002 0.3422 -1.4462 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.8324 0.9795 0.8218 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.4085 1.9024 -0.5231 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.7110 -1.4939 1.2327 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.3224 -0.1227 1.9556 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 0 2 3 1 0 3 4 1 0 1 5 1 0 5 6 1 0 6 7 1 0 7 8 2 0 7 9 1 0 6 10 1 0 1 11 1 0 1 12 1 0 2 13 1 0 2 14 1 0 3 15 1 0 3 16 1 0 4 17 1 0 4 18 1 0 5 19 1 0 5 20 1 0 6 21 1 1 9 22 1 0 10 23 1 0 10 24 1 0 M ISO 1 1 13 M END

Standard InCHIKey	KDXKERNSBIXSRK-BXMHHZGSSA-N
Standard InCHI	InChI=1S/C6H14N2O2/c7-4-2-1-3-5(8)6(9)10/h5H,1-4,7-8H2,(H,9,10)/t5-/m0/s1/i1+1
SMILES	[13CH2](CCN)C[C@@H](C(=O)O)N

Calculated Properties

Physi-Chem Properties

Molecular Weight:	147.11	Volume:	149.27 ? Van der Waals volume.
Dense:	0.986	LogP:	-3.037 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficients.
logD7.4:	-1.404 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficient at pH=7.4.	LogS:	0.735 ? The logarithm of aqueous solubility value.
Rotatable Bonds:	5.0	Rigid Bonds:	1.0
TPSA:	89.34 ? Topological Polar Surface Area.	H-Bond Acceptor:	4.0
H-Bond Donor:	5.0	Rings:	0.0
Heavy Atoms:	4.0

MedChem Properties

QED Drug-Likeness Score:	0.362	GASA:	0.0 ? GASA represents the probability of being difficult to synthesize, ranging from 0 to 1.
Synthetic Accessibility Score:	2.474	Fsp³:	0.833
MCE-18:	2.0 ? MCE-18 stands for medicinal chemistry evolution.MCE-18≥45 is considered a suitable value.	Lipinski Rule-of-5:	Rejected
Pfizer Rule:	Rejected	GSK Rule:	Rejected
Golden Triangle Rule:	Accepted	BMS Rule:	0
Chelating Alert:	0	PAINS Alert:	0
Colloidal aggregators:	0.457	Fluc inhibitor:	0.0 ? The fluc inhibitor value is the probability of being fLuc inhibitors, within the range of 0 to 1.
Blue fluorescence:	0.055 ? The blue fluorescence value is the probability of being blue fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1	Green fluorescence:	0.002 ? The green fluorescence value is the probability of being green fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1
Reactive compounds:	0.552	Promiscuous compounds:	0.631

ADMET Properties (ADMETlab3.0)

ADMET: Absorption

Caco-2 Permeability:	-6.074	MDCK Permeability:	-5.445
Pgp-inhibitor:	0.0	Pgp-substrate:	0.367
PAMPA:	0.988 ? The experimental data for Peff was logarithmically transformed (logPeff). Molecules with log Peff values below 2.0 were classified as low-permeability (Category 0), while those with log Peff values exceeding 2.5 were classified as high-permeability (Category 1).	Human Intestinal Absorption (HIA):	0.015
20% Bioavailability (F20%):	0.002	30% Bioavailability (F30%):	0.001
50% Bioavailability (F50%):	0.031

ADMET: Distribution

Blood-Brain-Barrier Penetration (BBB):	0.013	MRP1:	0.822
Plasma Protein Binding (PPB):	4.557%	Volume Distribution (VD):	-0.117
Fu:	96.996% ? The fraction unbound in plasms.	OATP1B1 inhibitor:	0.721
OATP1B3 inhibitor:	0.963	BCRP inhibitor:	0.0
BSEP inhibitor:	0.012

ADMET: Metabolism

CYP1A2-inhibitor:	0.0	CYP1A2-substrate:	0.001
CYP2C19-inhibitor:	0.003	CYP2C19-substrate:	0.0
CYP2C9-inhibitor:	0.006	CYP2C9-substrate:	0.0
CYP2D6-inhibitor:	0.991	CYP2D6-substrate:	0.0
CYP3A4-inhibitor:	0.0	CYP3A4-substrate:	0.0
CYP2B6-substrate:	0.0	CYP2C8-inhibitor:	0.009
HLM stability:	0.249 ? Human liver microsomal (HLM) stability. Category 0: stable+ (HLM > 30 min); Category 1: unstable- (HLM ≤ 30 min). The output value is the probability of human liver microsomal instability, where a value closer to 1 indicates a higher likelihood of instability.

ADMET: Excretion

Clearance (CL):

5.866

Half-life (T1/2):

1.098

ADMET: Toxicity

hERG Blockers:	0.096	hERG Blockers (10um):	0.261
Human Hepatotoxicity (H-HT):	0.392	Drug-induced Liver Injury (DILI):	0.028
AMES Toxicity:	0.514	Rat Oral Acute Toxicity:	0.485
Maximum Recommended Daily Dose:	0.157	Skin Sensitization:	0.901
Carcinogencity:	0.346	Eye Corrosion:	0.856
Eye Irritation:	0.742	Respiratory Toxicity:	0.67
Drug-induced Neurotoxicity:	0.64	Ototoxicity:	0.306
Hematotoxicity:	0.203	Drug-induced Nephrotoxicity:	0.472
Genotoxicity:	0.254	RPMI-8226 Immunitoxicity:	0.053
A549 Cytotoxicity:	0.039	Hek293 Cytotoxicity:	0.062
BCF:	0.117 ? Bioconcentration factors are used for considering secondary poisoning potential and assessing risks to human health via the food chain. The unit is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	IGC50:	2.409 ? 48 hour Tetrahymena pyriformis IGC50. The unit of IGC50 is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].
LC50DM:	3.829 ? 48 hour Daphnia magna LC50. The unit of LC50DM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	LC50FM:	2.832 ? 96 hour fathead minnow LC50. The unit of LC50FM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].

Species Source

Organism ID	Organism Name	Taxonomy Level	Family	SuperKingdom	Isolation Part	Collection Location	Collection Time	Reference
NPO26343	Fagopyrum esculentum	Species	Polygonaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	DOI[10.2478/s11535-012-0017-4]
NPO26343	Fagopyrum esculentum	Species	Polygonaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	seed	n.a.	PMID[10898633]
NPO2865	Abrus precatorius	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	aerial parts	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[19299148]
NPO2865	Abrus precatorius	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	leaf	n.a.	PMID[22210168]
NPO2865	Abrus precatorius	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	stem	n.a.	PMID[22210168]
NPO10680	Cistanche deserticola	Species	Orobanchaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[25900014]
NPO2865	Abrus precatorius	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	Leaves	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[2691636]
NPO2865	Abrus precatorius	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[2691636]
NPO26343	Fagopyrum esculentum	Species	Polygonaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO5939	Semen sojae praeparata	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO20898	Agaricus bisporus	Species	Agaricaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO10680	Cistanche deserticola	Species	Orobanchaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO2865	Abrus precatorius	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO12126.1	Coix lacryma- jobi var. ma - yuen	Varieties	Poaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO16309	Semen astragali complanati	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO13857	Mentha canadensis	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO29390	Semen juglandis	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO20898	Agaricus bisporus	Species	Agaricaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.		Database[FooDB]
NPO26343	Fagopyrum esculentum	Species	Polygonaceae	Eukaryota	Flower	n.a.	n.a.	Database[FooDB]
NPO20898	Agaricus bisporus	Species	Agaricaceae	Eukaryota		n.a.	n.a.	Database[FooDB]
NPO26343	Fagopyrum esculentum	Species	Polygonaceae	Eukaryota		n.a.	n.a.	Database[FooDB]
NPO26343	Fagopyrum esculentum	Species	Polygonaceae	Eukaryota	Leaf	n.a.	n.a.	Database[FooDB]
NPO26343	Fagopyrum esculentum	Species	Polygonaceae	Eukaryota	Plant	n.a.	n.a.	Database[FooDB]
NPO26343	Fagopyrum esculentum	Species	Polygonaceae	Eukaryota	Seed	n.a.	n.a.	Database[FooDB]
NPO26343	Fagopyrum esculentum	Species	Polygonaceae	Eukaryota	Stem	n.a.	n.a.	Database[FooDB]
NPO26343	Fagopyrum esculentum	Species	Polygonaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.		Database[FooDB]
NPO8772	Tremlla fuciformis	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO26343	Fagopyrum esculentum	Species	Polygonaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO29390	Semen juglandis	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO10680	Cistanche deserticola	Species	Orobanchaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO2865	Abrus precatorius	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO20898	Agaricus bisporus	Species	Agaricaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO16309	Semen astragali complanati	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO13857	Mentha canadensis	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO10680	Cistanche deserticola	Species	Orobanchaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO26343	Fagopyrum esculentum	Species	Polygonaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO12126.1	Coix lacryma- jobi var. ma - yuen	Varieties	Poaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO29390	Semen juglandis	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO5939	Semen sojae praeparata	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO20898	Agaricus bisporus	Species	Agaricaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO8772	Tremlla fuciformis	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO2865	Abrus precatorius	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO20898	Agaricus bisporus	Species	Agaricaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO26343	Fagopyrum esculentum	Species	Polygonaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO2865	Abrus precatorius	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO10680	Cistanche deserticola	Species	Orobanchaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO10680	Cistanche deserticola	Species	Orobanchaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TM-MC]
NPO13857	Mentha canadensis	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TM-MC]
NPO26343	Fagopyrum esculentum	Species	Polygonaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO13857	Mentha canadensis	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO10680	Cistanche deserticola	Species	Orobanchaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO2865	Abrus precatorius	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO20898	Agaricus bisporus	Species	Agaricaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP source organism data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated them from below databases:
☉ UNPD: Universal Natural Products Database [PMID: 23638153].
☉ StreptomeDB: a database of streptomycetes natural products [PMID: 33051671].
☉ TM-MC: a database of medicinal materials and chemical compounds in Northeast Asian traditional medicine [PMID: 26156871].
☉ TCM@Taiwan: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 21253603].
☉ TCMID: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 29106634].
☉ TCMSP: The traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform [PMID: 24735618].
☉ HerDing: a herb recommendation system to treat diseases using genes and chemicals [PMID: 26980517].
☉ MetaboLights: a metabolomics database [PMID: 27010336].
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

NP Quantity Composition/Concentration

Organism ID	Organism Name	Organism Material Preparation	Organism Part	NP Quantity (Standard)	NP Quantity (Minimum)	NP Quantity (Maximum)	Quantity Unit	Reference

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP quantitative records for specific NP domains (e.g., NPS from foods or herbs) from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ DUKE: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases.
☉ PHENOL EXPLORER: is the first comprehensive database on polyphenol content in foods [PMID: 24103452], its homepage can be accessed at here.
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

Biological Activity

Molecular-level activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

In vitro activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

In vivo activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

Experimental ADME

Experiment Model	Experiment Tissue	ADME Type	ADME Relation	ADME Value	ADME Unit	Reference

Experimental Toxicity

Quantitative toxicity

Experiment Model	Experiment Organism	Toxicity Type	Toxicity Relation	Toxicity Value	Toxicity Unit	Reference

Common Abbreviations:
LC: Lethal Concentration; LD: Lethal Dose; LT:Lethal Time; NOAEL: No-observed-adverse-effect Level; BMDL: Benchmark Dose Lower Confidence Limit; BMD: Benchmark Dose; BMC:Benchmark Concentration; LOAEL: Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level; RfD:Reference Dose; RfC:Reference Concentration; MRL: Minimal Risk Level; MEG: Maximum Exposure Guideline; PAC: Protective Action Criteria

Categorical toxicity labels

Hepatotoxicity	Carcinogenicity	Mutagenicity	Cardiotoxicity	Respiratory Toxicity	Eye Irritation	Endocrine Disruption

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP toxicity records from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ ToxValDB: a curated database that compiles quantitative toxicity values for chemicals from diverse public sources to support toxicological research and risk assessment.
☉ TOXRIC: a comprehensive, free-to-access, online database providing toxicological/feature data. The toxicity labels are retrieved from this database. [PMID: 36400569]

Chemically structural similarity

Similar Active Natural Products in NPASS

Top-200 similar NPs were calculated against the active-NP-set (includes approximately 50,000 NPs with experimentally-derived bioactivity available in NPASS)

Similarity is measured using the Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) , which compares the binary fingerprints of two molecules. Tc is calculated as the intersection divided by the union of '1' bits in the fingerprints, ranging from 0 to 1, with 1 indicating highest similarity.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC37819 and all remaining natural products in the NPASS database.
● The right table: Most similar natural products (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	43350
0.1-0.2	5827
0.2-0.3	491
0.3-0.4	101
0.4-0.5	53
0.5-0.6	18
0.6-0.7	3
0.7-0.8	1
0.8-0.85	0
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	3

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Natural Product ID
1.0	High Similarity	NPC324825
1.0	High Similarity	NPC112890
1.0	High Similarity	NPC316231
0.75	Intermediate Similarity	NPC140872
0.75	Intermediate Similarity	NPC93081
0.7391	Intermediate Similarity	NPC601942
0.68	Remote Similarity	NPC167986
0.68	Remote Similarity	NPC291186
0.625	Remote Similarity	NPC329263
0.56	Remote Similarity	NPC118459
0.56	Remote Similarity	NPC327698
0.56	Remote Similarity	NPC53449
0.5417	Remote Similarity	NPC63621
0.5417	Remote Similarity	NPC326992
0.5417	Remote Similarity	NPC121517
0.5417	Remote Similarity	NPC168375
0.5417	Remote Similarity	NPC600066
0.5357	Remote Similarity	NPC608987
0.5312	Remote Similarity	NPC278209
0.5172	Remote Similarity	NPC279661
0.5172	Remote Similarity	NPC183845
0.5172	Remote Similarity	NPC276928
0.5172	Remote Similarity	NPC64250
0.5172	Remote Similarity	NPC323974
0.5172	Remote Similarity	NPC268927
0.5172	Remote Similarity	NPC102815
0.5161	Remote Similarity	NPC68974

Similar Clinical/Approved Drugs

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC37819 and all drugs/candidates.
● The right table: Most similar clinical/approved drugs (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	7033
0.1-0.2	1827
0.2-0.3	210
0.3-0.4	49
0.4-0.5	20
0.5-0.6	4
0.6-0.7	3
0.7-0.8	1
0.8-0.85	0
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	1

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Drug ID	Developmental Stage
1.0	High Similarity	NPD9044	Phase 4
0.75	Intermediate Similarity	NPD8809	Phase 3
0.68	Remote Similarity	NPD8804	Phase 4
0.68	Remote Similarity	NPD8805	Approved
0.68	Remote Similarity	NPD9016	Phase 1
0.5366	Remote Similarity	NPD1086	Approved
0.5357	Remote Similarity	NPD9021	Pre-clinical
0.5172	Remote Similarity	NPD9019	Phase 4
0.5143	Remote Similarity	NPD8808	Approved

Bioactivity similarity

Similar Natural Products in NPASS

Similarity level is defined by Bioactivity similarity was calculated based on bioactivity descriptors of compounds. The bioactivity descriptors were calculated by a recently developed AI algorithm Chemical Checker (CC) [Nature Biotechnology, 38:1087–1096, 2020; Nature Communications, 12:3932, 2021], which evaluated bioactivity similarities at five levels:
☉ A: chemistry similarity;
☉ B: biological targets similarity;
☉ C: networks similarity;
☉ D: cell-based bioactivity similarity;
☉ E: similarity based on clinical data.
Those 5 categories of CC bioactivity descriptors were calculated and then subjected to manifold projection using UMAP algorithm, to project all NPs on a 2-Dimensional space. The current NP was highlighted with a small circle in the 2-D map. Below figures: left-to-right, A-to-E.

A: chemistry similarity

B: biological targets similarity

C: networks similarity

D: cell-based bioactivity similarity

E: similarity based on clinical data