NPASS Compound

Natural Product: NPC37207

Natural Product ID	NPC37207
Common Name ? The InCHIKey will be temporarily assigned as the "Common Name" if no IUPAC name or alternative short name is available.	PCHCXXYKHCXPSQ-FJKUPRPISA-N
IUPAC Name	n.a.
Synonyms
Synthetic Gene Cluster	n.a.
ChEMBL Identifier	CHEMBL398562
PubChem CID	44445558
Chemical Classification	CHEMONTID:0000000 [Organic compounds] [CHEMONTID:0000012] Lipids and lipid-like molecules [CHEMONTID:0000258] Steroids and steroid derivatives [CHEMONTID:0001686] Cucurbitacins

The Chemical Classification was calculated by Classyfire, a software for chemical taxonomy calculation. Reference: DOI:10.1186/s13321-016-0174-y.

Chemical Representations

RDKit 3D 88 92 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000 -2.7396 3.5543 -1.1142 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.0154 2.5663 -0.2030 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.3001 1.3567 -0.8667 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.6206 1.0794 -0.5156 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.6376 -0.0399 0.2622 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.5068 -0.8529 -0.3833 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.4280 0.2264 -0.3633 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.4027 -0.2178 -1.3469 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.1621 -0.8633 -0.7415 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.4179 0.1080 0.1981 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.5473 0.1682 1.3550 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.9422 0.5797 0.9842 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.9384 0.0870 1.9809 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.2092 0.1861 1.6638 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.6164 -1.0602 2.1801 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1903 1.1895 2.1893 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.6064 0.6555 2.1200 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.6970 -0.1911 0.8665 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.9491 0.1989 0.0679 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.1139 -0.1872 0.9652 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.4382 0.1301 0.3648 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.3652 -0.7858 0.1104 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.6869 -0.5598 -0.4735 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.7212 -0.4730 -1.8362 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.9963 0.5426 -2.4022 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.2600 0.6790 0.2041 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.5956 -1.7182 -0.0304 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.0772 -0.7377 -1.1425 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.5791 1.4907 -0.4226 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.9556 -1.1004 -1.7953 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.4197 -1.0977 -2.0461 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.3004 -1.5141 -0.9349 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.9122 -0.8066 0.3118 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.7303 -1.9004 1.3778 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.9882 0.1107 0.8568 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.6196 -1.1449 -1.2497 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.5095 4.5123 -0.6001 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.6462 3.7441 -1.7586 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.9385 3.2754 -1.8178 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.1913 1.5639 -1.9469 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.2457 -1.7405 0.1873 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.0857 0.6285 -1.9693 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.7558 -1.0393 -2.0418 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.4788 -1.7656 -0.1732 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.4912 -1.0952 -1.5850 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.9304 1.7032 1.1384 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.6071 -0.3443 2.9508 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.9158 0.4350 2.4785 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2635 -1.7332 2.1433 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.4854 -1.7135 1.9424 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.6409 -0.7449 3.2610 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.0985 1.1026 3.2753 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0804 2.2207 1.8268 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.9298 0.1372 3.0223 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.2640 1.5706 2.0327 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.8938 -1.2623 1.0814 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.9589 1.2078 -0.2967 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.1110 -1.2804 1.1544 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.9621 0.3934 1.9138 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.6888 1.1577 0.1117 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.0690 -1.8154 0.3813 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.1201 0.4870 -3.5115 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.3427 1.5569 -2.1097 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.9338 0.4141 -2.1445 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9.3304 0.8018 -0.0526 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.0917 0.5613 1.2994 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.6714 1.5674 -0.1019 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.3114 -2.1125 0.9485 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.6049 -2.5125 -0.7887 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9.6499 -1.3508 0.0451 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.6861 -0.2916 -2.0575 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.1691 -0.9405 -1.3356 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.6608 -1.7454 -0.9141 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.2380 2.1549 0.1706 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.0035 1.3069 -1.4489 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.3617 2.0083 -0.5589 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.5599 -0.3374 -2.5317 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.5386 -2.0815 -2.0986 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.8027 -0.1185 -2.4316 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.6094 -1.8050 -2.9092 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.3193 -2.6227 -0.8516 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.7046 -2.2023 1.8131 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.0091 -1.6073 2.1558 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.3167 -2.8271 0.9057 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.0327 0.0411 1.9833 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.8094 1.1747 0.6350 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.9601 -0.2718 0.5015 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.6747 -0.1880 -1.5148 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 0 2 3 1 0 3 4 1 0 5 4 1 6 5 6 1 0 6 7 1 0 7 8 1 6 8 9 1 0 9 10 1 0 10 11 1 0 11 12 1 0 12 13 1 0 13 14 2 0 11 15 1 1 11 16 1 0 16 17 1 0 17 18 1 0 18 19 1 0 19 20 1 0 20 21 1 0 21 22 2 0 22 23 1 0 23 24 1 0 24 25 1 0 23 26 1 0 23 27 1 0 19 28 1 0 10 29 1 6 6 30 1 0 30 31 1 0 31 32 1 0 32 33 1 0 33 34 1 0 33 35 1 0 32 36 1 0 7 3 1 0 18 10 1 0 14 5 1 0 33 5 1 0 12 7 1 0 1 37 1 0 1 38 1 0 1 39 1 0 3 40 1 6 6 41 1 1 8 42 1 0 8 43 1 0 9 44 1 0 9 45 1 0 12 46 1 6 13 47 1 0 14 48 1 0 15 49 1 0 15 50 1 0 15 51 1 0 16 52 1 0 16 53 1 0 17 54 1 0 17 55 1 0 18 56 1 1 19 57 1 6 20 58 1 0 20 59 1 0 21 60 1 0 22 61 1 0 25 62 1 0 25 63 1 0 25 64 1 0 26 65 1 0 26 66 1 0 26 67 1 0 27 68 1 0 27 69 1 0 27 70 1 0 28 71 1 0 28 72 1 0 28 73 1 0 29 74 1 0 29 75 1 0 29 76 1 0 30 77 1 0 30 78 1 0 31 79 1 0 31 80 1 0 32 81 1 1 34 82 1 0 34 83 1 0 34 84 1 0 35 85 1 0 35 86 1 0 35 87 1 0 36 88 1 0 M END

Standard InCHIKey	PCHCXXYKHCXPSQ-FJKUPRPISA-N
Standard InCHI	InChI=1S/C32H52O4/c1-21(11-10-16-27(2,3)35-9)22-14-17-30(7)23-15-18-32-24(12-13-25(33)28(32,4)5)31(23,26(34-8)36-32)20-19-29(22,30)6/h10,15-16,18,21-26,33H,11-14,17,19-20H2,1-9H3/b16-10+/t21-,22-,23+,24+,25+,26-,29-,30+,31+,32-/m1/s1
SMILES	CO[C@@H]1O[C@@]23[C@H]([C@]41CC[C@]1([C@@]([C@@H]4C=C2)(C)CC[C@@H]1[C@@H](C/C=C/C(OC)(C)C)C)C)CC[C@@H](C3(C)C)O

Calculated Properties

Physi-Chem Properties

Molecular Weight:	500.39	Volume:	549.134 ? Van der Waals volume.
Dense:	0.911	LogP:	4.292 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficients.
logD7.4:	3.811 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficient at pH=7.4.	LogS:	-5.108 ? The logarithm of aqueous solubility value.
Rotatable Bonds:	6.0	Rigid Bonds:	24.0
TPSA:	47.92 ? Topological Polar Surface Area.	H-Bond Acceptor:	4.0
H-Bond Donor:	1.0	Rings:	5.0
Heavy Atoms:	4.0

MedChem Properties

QED Drug-Likeness Score:	0.402	GASA:	1.0 ? GASA represents the probability of being difficult to synthesize, ranging from 0 to 1.
Synthetic Accessibility Score:	6.754	Fsp³:	0.875
MCE-18:	137.8 ? MCE-18 stands for medicinal chemistry evolution.MCE-18≥45 is considered a suitable value.	Lipinski Rule-of-5:	Rejected
Pfizer Rule:	Accepted	GSK Rule:	Accepted
Golden Triangle Rule:	Accepted	BMS Rule:	0
Chelating Alert:	0	PAINS Alert:	0
Colloidal aggregators:	0.531	Fluc inhibitor:	0.0 ? The fluc inhibitor value is the probability of being fLuc inhibitors, within the range of 0 to 1.
Blue fluorescence:	0.014 ? The blue fluorescence value is the probability of being blue fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1	Green fluorescence:	0.0 ? The green fluorescence value is the probability of being green fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1
Reactive compounds:	0.358	Promiscuous compounds:	0.209

ADMET Properties (ADMETlab3.0)

ADMET: Absorption

Caco-2 Permeability:	-5.317	MDCK Permeability:	-5.007
Pgp-inhibitor:	0.942	Pgp-substrate:	0.258
PAMPA:	0.033 ? The experimental data for Peff was logarithmically transformed (logPeff). Molecules with log Peff values below 2.0 were classified as low-permeability (Category 0), while those with log Peff values exceeding 2.5 were classified as high-permeability (Category 1).	Human Intestinal Absorption (HIA):	0.001
20% Bioavailability (F20%):	0.607	30% Bioavailability (F30%):	0.781
50% Bioavailability (F50%):	0.996

ADMET: Distribution

Blood-Brain-Barrier Penetration (BBB):	0.365	MRP1:	0.73
Plasma Protein Binding (PPB):	93.608%	Volume Distribution (VD):	0.032
Fu:	7.106% ? The fraction unbound in plasms.	OATP1B1 inhibitor:	1.0
OATP1B3 inhibitor:	0.989	BCRP inhibitor:	0.269
BSEP inhibitor:	0.944

ADMET: Metabolism

CYP1A2-inhibitor:	1.0	CYP1A2-substrate:	0.822
CYP2C19-inhibitor:	1.0	CYP2C19-substrate:	0.012
CYP2C9-inhibitor:	0.001	CYP2C9-substrate:	0.0
CYP2D6-inhibitor:	0.351	CYP2D6-substrate:	0.739
CYP3A4-inhibitor:	0.998	CYP3A4-substrate:	1.0
CYP2B6-substrate:	0.996	CYP2C8-inhibitor:	0.517
HLM stability:	0.999 ? Human liver microsomal (HLM) stability. Category 0: stable+ (HLM > 30 min); Category 1: unstable- (HLM ≤ 30 min). The output value is the probability of human liver microsomal instability, where a value closer to 1 indicates a higher likelihood of instability.

ADMET: Excretion

Clearance (CL):

12.737

Half-life (T1/2):

0.534

ADMET: Toxicity

hERG Blockers:	0.173	hERG Blockers (10um):	0.494
Human Hepatotoxicity (H-HT):	0.694	Drug-induced Liver Injury (DILI):	0.352
AMES Toxicity:	0.512	Rat Oral Acute Toxicity:	0.883
Maximum Recommended Daily Dose:	0.786	Skin Sensitization:	0.992
Carcinogencity:	0.858	Eye Corrosion:	0.001
Eye Irritation:	0.307	Respiratory Toxicity:	0.928
Drug-induced Neurotoxicity:	0.303	Ototoxicity:	0.617
Hematotoxicity:	0.324	Drug-induced Nephrotoxicity:	0.428
Genotoxicity:	0.941	RPMI-8226 Immunitoxicity:	0.186
A549 Cytotoxicity:	0.459	Hek293 Cytotoxicity:	0.69
BCF:	2.664 ? Bioconcentration factors are used for considering secondary poisoning potential and assessing risks to human health via the food chain. The unit is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	IGC50:	4.157 ? 48 hour Tetrahymena pyriformis IGC50. The unit of IGC50 is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].
LC50DM:	5.046 ? 48 hour Daphnia magna LC50. The unit of LC50DM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	LC50FM:	4.801 ? 96 hour fathead minnow LC50. The unit of LC50FM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].

Species Source

Organism ID	Organism Name	Taxonomy Level	Family	SuperKingdom	Isolation Part	Collection Location	Collection Time	Reference
NPO8182	Momordica charantia	Species	Cucurbitaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[17685651]
NPO8182	Momordica charantia	Species	Cucurbitaceae	Eukaryota	Stems	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[18637688]
NPO8182	Momordica charantia	Species	Cucurbitaceae	Eukaryota	Roots	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[24836069]
NPO8182	Momordica charantia	Species	Cucurbitaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[28621938]
NPO8182	Momordica charantia	Species	Cucurbitaceae	Eukaryota	Vines	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[32357011]
NPO8182	Momordica charantia	Species	Cucurbitaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[38440938]
NPO8182	Momordica charantia	Species	Cucurbitaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO8182	Momordica charantia	Species	Cucurbitaceae	Eukaryota	Fruit	n.a.	n.a.	Database[FooDB]
NPO8182	Momordica charantia	Species	Cucurbitaceae	Eukaryota	Leaf	n.a.	n.a.	Database[FooDB]
NPO8182	Momordica charantia	Species	Cucurbitaceae	Eukaryota	Seed	n.a.	n.a.	Database[FooDB]
NPO8182	Momordica charantia	Species	Cucurbitaceae	Eukaryota		n.a.	n.a.	Database[FooDB]
NPO8182	Momordica charantia	Species	Cucurbitaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO8182	Momordica charantia	Species	Cucurbitaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO8182	Momordica charantia	Species	Cucurbitaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO8182	Momordica charantia	Species	Cucurbitaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP source organism data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated them from below databases:
☉ UNPD: Universal Natural Products Database [PMID: 23638153].
☉ StreptomeDB: a database of streptomycetes natural products [PMID: 33051671].
☉ TM-MC: a database of medicinal materials and chemical compounds in Northeast Asian traditional medicine [PMID: 26156871].
☉ TCM@Taiwan: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 21253603].
☉ TCMID: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 29106634].
☉ TCMSP: The traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform [PMID: 24735618].
☉ HerDing: a herb recommendation system to treat diseases using genes and chemicals [PMID: 26980517].
☉ MetaboLights: a metabolomics database [PMID: 27010336].
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

NP Quantity Composition/Concentration

Organism ID	Organism Name	Organism Material Preparation	Organism Part	NP Quantity (Standard)	NP Quantity (Minimum)	NP Quantity (Maximum)	Quantity Unit	Reference

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP quantitative records for specific NP domains (e.g., NPS from foods or herbs) from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ DUKE: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases.
☉ PHENOL EXPLORER: is the first comprehensive database on polyphenol content in foods [PMID: 24103452], its homepage can be accessed at here.
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

Biological Activity

Activity Type	# Activity
Inhibition	6
Activity	7
Ratio	1

Activity Type	# Activity
Individual protein	2
Cell line	1
Organism	6
Others	5

Molecular-level activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference
NPT178	Individual protein	Protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B	Homo sapiens	Inhibition	=	37.0	%	PMID[13678412]
NPT178	Individual protein	Protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B	Homo sapiens	Inhibition	=	22.0	%	PMID[17850214]

In vitro activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference
NPT80	Cell line	Raji	Homo sapiens	Activity	=	70.0	%	PMID[18177012]
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Inhibition	=	0.0	%	PMID[20575572]
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Inhibition	=	19.0	%	PMID[19908853]
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Inhibition	=	42.4	%	PMID[22206869]
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Inhibition	=	83.9	%	PMID[21856049]
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Ratio	=	1.9	n.a.	PMID[23316950]

In vivo activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference
NPT32	Organism	Mus musculus	Mus musculus	Activity	=	33.0	%	PMID[11929285]
NPT32	Organism	Mus musculus	Mus musculus	Activity	=	80.0	%	PMID[22245048]
NPT32	Organism	Mus musculus	Mus musculus	Activity	=	2.1	n.a.	PMID[11929285]
NPT32	Organism	Mus musculus	Mus musculus	Activity	=	3.9	n.a.	PMID[11929285]
NPT32	Organism	Mus musculus	Mus musculus	Activity	=	4.7	n.a.	PMID[11929285]

Experimental ADME

Experiment Model	Experiment Tissue	ADME Type	ADME Relation	ADME Value	ADME Unit	Reference

Experimental Toxicity

Quantitative toxicity

Experiment Model	Experiment Organism	Toxicity Type	Toxicity Relation	Toxicity Value	Toxicity Unit	Reference

Common Abbreviations:
LC: Lethal Concentration; LD: Lethal Dose; LT:Lethal Time; NOAEL: No-observed-adverse-effect Level; BMDL: Benchmark Dose Lower Confidence Limit; BMD: Benchmark Dose; BMC:Benchmark Concentration; LOAEL: Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level; RfD:Reference Dose; RfC:Reference Concentration; MRL: Minimal Risk Level; MEG: Maximum Exposure Guideline; PAC: Protective Action Criteria

Categorical toxicity labels

Hepatotoxicity	Carcinogenicity	Mutagenicity	Cardiotoxicity	Respiratory Toxicity	Eye Irritation	Endocrine Disruption

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP toxicity records from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ ToxValDB: a curated database that compiles quantitative toxicity values for chemicals from diverse public sources to support toxicological research and risk assessment.
☉ TOXRIC: a comprehensive, free-to-access, online database providing toxicological/feature data. The toxicity labels are retrieved from this database. [PMID: 36400569]

Chemically structural similarity

Similar Active Natural Products in NPASS

Top-200 similar NPs were calculated against the active-NP-set (includes approximately 50,000 NPs with experimentally-derived bioactivity available in NPASS)

Similarity is measured using the Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) , which compares the binary fingerprints of two molecules. Tc is calculated as the intersection divided by the union of '1' bits in the fingerprints, ranging from 0 to 1, with 1 indicating highest similarity.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC37207 and all remaining natural products in the NPASS database.
● The right table: Most similar natural products (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	25075
0.1-0.2	23541
0.2-0.3	1157
0.3-0.4	58
0.4-0.5	12
0.5-0.6	6
0.6-0.7	2
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	3
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Natural Product ID
0.8305	Intermediate Similarity	NPC300399
0.8305	Intermediate Similarity	NPC471482
0.8167	Intermediate Similarity	NPC471450
0.7077	Intermediate Similarity	NPC471885
0.7077	Intermediate Similarity	NPC471888
0.7077	Intermediate Similarity	NPC471887
0.6486	Remote Similarity	NPC473318
0.6486	Remote Similarity	NPC473328
0.5921	Remote Similarity	NPC484069
0.5571	Remote Similarity	NPC471889
0.5429	Remote Similarity	NPC27531
0.5375	Remote Similarity	NPC231797
0.5062	Remote Similarity	NPC479583
0.5062	Remote Similarity	NPC479582

Similar Clinical/Approved Drugs

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC37207 and all drugs/candidates.
● The right table: Most similar clinical/approved drugs (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	7759
0.1-0.2	1367
0.2-0.3	24
0.3-0.4	0
0.4-0.5	0
0.5-0.6	0
0.6-0.7	0
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	0
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Drug ID	Developmental Stage
		NPD

Bioactivity similarity

Similar Natural Products in NPASS

Similarity level is defined by Bioactivity similarity was calculated based on bioactivity descriptors of compounds. The bioactivity descriptors were calculated by a recently developed AI algorithm Chemical Checker (CC) [Nature Biotechnology, 38:1087–1096, 2020; Nature Communications, 12:3932, 2021], which evaluated bioactivity similarities at five levels:
☉ A: chemistry similarity;
☉ B: biological targets similarity;
☉ C: networks similarity;
☉ D: cell-based bioactivity similarity;
☉ E: similarity based on clinical data.
Those 5 categories of CC bioactivity descriptors were calculated and then subjected to manifold projection using UMAP algorithm, to project all NPs on a 2-Dimensional space. The current NP was highlighted with a small circle in the 2-D map. Below figures: left-to-right, A-to-E.

A: chemistry similarity

B: biological targets similarity

C: networks similarity

D: cell-based bioactivity similarity

E: similarity based on clinical data