NPASS Compound

Natural Product: NPC324492

Natural Product ID	NPC324492
Common Name ? The InCHIKey will be temporarily assigned as the "Common Name" if no IUPAC name or alternative short name is available.	(-)-(7R,7'r,7''s,8S,8's,8''s)-4',4''-Dihydroxy-3,3',3'',5-Tetramethoxy-7,9':7',9-Diepoxy-4,8''-Oxy-8,8'-Sesquineolignan-7'',9''-Diol
IUPAC Name	(1S,2S)-2-[4-[(3R,3aS,6R,6aS)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,3a,4,6,6a-hexahydrofuro[3,4-c]furan-6-yl]-2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy]-1-(3-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)propane-1,3-diol
Synonyms
Synthetic Gene Cluster	n.a.
ChEMBL Identifier	CHEMBL1797762
PubChem CID	56666480
Chemical Classification	CHEMONTID:0000000 [Organic compounds] [CHEMONTID:0001392] Lignans, neolignans and related compounds [CHEMONTID:0003686] Furanoid lignans

The Chemical Classification was calculated by Classyfire, a software for chemical taxonomy calculation. Reference: DOI:10.1186/s13321-016-0174-y.

Chemical Representations

RDKit 3D 78 82 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000 -1.5505 -2.8002 -3.5378 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.2605 -1.9556 -2.6519 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.5983 -1.3997 -1.5544 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.2462 -1.6814 -1.3422 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.4556 -1.1647 -0.2767 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.2035 -0.3524 0.5927 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.5365 -0.0696 0.3900 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.2773 -0.5781 -0.6824 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.6159 -0.2501 -0.8286 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.0866 0.9337 -1.4142 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.9557 1.7636 -0.4818 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.1737 1.0289 -0.0783 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.2739 1.1527 -0.9086 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -8.4296 0.4975 -0.6139 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -8.5143 -0.2844 0.4984 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.4330 -0.4226 1.3396 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.2699 0.2436 1.0333 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.1894 0.0959 1.8927 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.1336 1.0381 2.9750 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.5207 -1.2273 2.4841 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.3316 2.9172 -1.2121 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.7829 0.7446 -2.7387 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.0024 0.2194 -3.7381 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.2257 0.7665 1.2798 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.5604 1.3330 2.3973 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.8886 -1.5298 -0.1458 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.0989 -1.8565 1.2060 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.4817 -1.9078 1.2962 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.9338 -0.6550 0.5957 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.8249 -0.3913 -0.3743 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.4573 -0.5138 -1.7230 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.7384 -0.9808 -1.5799 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.1210 -0.9199 -0.2659 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.2245 0.0640 -0.0214 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.1377 1.3081 -0.6093 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.1707 2.2195 -0.3760 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.2477 1.8944 0.4160 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.3476 0.6541 1.0101 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.3093 -0.2490 0.7700 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9.4352 0.3244 1.8105 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9.4586 -0.9791 2.3855 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9.2656 2.8094 0.6386 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.2237 -2.9981 -4.4137 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.6519 -2.3126 -3.9665 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.2519 -3.7594 -3.0704 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2469 -2.3404 -2.0665 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.3168 0.0625 1.4290 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.1920 1.5864 -1.6518 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.4111 2.0989 0.3983 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.2031 1.7834 -1.8011 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -9.2693 0.6353 -1.3119 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -9.4437 -0.8043 0.7248 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.9199 0.7244 3.7181 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.3564 2.0325 2.5823 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.1839 0.9569 3.5365 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.0613 -2.1283 2.4765 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.9043 3.7263 -0.8304 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.1516 1.7608 -3.0438 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.6964 0.0981 -2.5819 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.0824 0.5146 -3.6284 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.5824 1.7632 2.1455 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.5025 0.5800 3.2173 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.2175 2.1539 2.7718 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.1507 -2.4202 -0.7389 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.8465 -2.7949 0.7064 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.8286 -1.9569 2.3440 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.1106 0.1852 1.2977 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.3526 0.6022 -0.2210 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.9018 -1.2818 -2.3379 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.3879 0.4212 -2.3320 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.5235 -1.9395 0.0009 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.2864 1.5510 -1.2292 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.1160 3.1873 -0.8256 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.3420 -1.2268 1.2106 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.5955 -1.1243 3.0889 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10.4188 -1.1728 2.9016 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9.3322 -1.7710 1.6070 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9.1234 3.7675 0.8946 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 0 2 3 1 0 3 4 2 0 4 5 1 0 5 6 2 0 6 7 1 0 7 8 2 0 8 9 1 0 9 10 1 0 10 11 1 0 11 12 1 0 12 13 2 0 13 14 1 0 14 15 2 0 15 16 1 0 16 17 2 0 17 18 1 0 18 19 1 0 16 20 1 0 11 21 1 0 10 22 1 0 22 23 1 0 7 24 1 0 24 25 1 0 5 26 1 0 26 27 1 0 27 28 1 0 28 29 1 0 29 30 1 0 30 31 1 0 31 32 1 0 32 33 1 0 33 34 1 0 34 35 2 0 35 36 1 0 36 37 2 0 37 38 1 0 38 39 2 0 38 40 1 0 40 41 1 0 37 42 1 0 8 3 1 0 17 12 1 0 30 26 1 0 39 34 1 0 33 29 1 0 1 43 1 0 1 44 1 0 1 45 1 0 4 46 1 0 6 47 1 0 10 48 1 6 11 49 1 1 13 50 1 0 14 51 1 0 15 52 1 0 19 53 1 0 19 54 1 0 19 55 1 0 20 56 1 0 21 57 1 0 22 58 1 0 22 59 1 0 23 60 1 0 25 61 1 0 25 62 1 0 25 63 1 0 26 64 1 6 28 65 1 0 28 66 1 0 29 67 1 1 30 68 1 1 31 69 1 0 31 70 1 0 33 71 1 1 35 72 1 0 36 73 1 0 39 74 1 0 41 75 1 0 41 76 1 0 41 77 1 0 42 78 1 0 M END

Standard InCHIKey	QHRLSLOEICSBNJ-MIJLFIHUSA-N
Standard InCHI	InChI=1S/C31H36O11/c1-36-23-10-16(8-9-21(23)33)28-19-14-41-29(20(19)15-40-28)17-11-24(37-2)31(25(12-17)38-3)42-26(13-32)27(35)18-6-5-7-22(34)30(18)39-4/h5-12,19-20,26-29,32-35H,13-15H2,1-4H3/t19-,20-,26+,27+,28+,29+/m1/s1
SMILES	COc1cc(cc(c1O[C@H]([C@H](c1cccc(c1OC)O)O)CO)OC)[C@@H]1OC[C@@H]2[C@H]1CO[C@H]2c1ccc(c(c1)OC)O

Calculated Properties

Physi-Chem Properties

Molecular Weight:	584.23	Volume:	574.914 ? Van der Waals volume.
Dense:	1.016	LogP:	0.86 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficients.
logD7.4:	1.322 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficient at pH=7.4.	LogS:	-2.797 ? The logarithm of aqueous solubility value.
Rotatable Bonds:	11.0	Rigid Bonds:	27.0
TPSA:	145.53 ? Topological Polar Surface Area.	H-Bond Acceptor:	11.0
H-Bond Donor:	4.0	Rings:	5.0
Heavy Atoms:	11.0

MedChem Properties

QED Drug-Likeness Score:	0.262	GASA:	1.0 ? GASA represents the probability of being difficult to synthesize, ranging from 0 to 1.
Synthetic Accessibility Score:	4.493	Fsp³:	0.419
MCE-18:	101.455 ? MCE-18 stands for medicinal chemistry evolution.MCE-18≥45 is considered a suitable value.	Lipinski Rule-of-5:	Accepted
Pfizer Rule:	Rejected	GSK Rule:	Accepted
Golden Triangle Rule:	Accepted	BMS Rule:	0
Chelating Alert:	1	PAINS Alert:	0
Colloidal aggregators:	0.525	Fluc inhibitor:	0.357 ? The fluc inhibitor value is the probability of being fLuc inhibitors, within the range of 0 to 1.
Blue fluorescence:	0.015 ? The blue fluorescence value is the probability of being blue fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1	Green fluorescence:	0.517 ? The green fluorescence value is the probability of being green fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1
Reactive compounds:	0.07	Promiscuous compounds:	0.295

ADMET Properties (ADMETlab3.0)

ADMET: Absorption

Caco-2 Permeability:	-5.432	MDCK Permeability:	-5.179
Pgp-inhibitor:	0.036	Pgp-substrate:	0.137
PAMPA:	0.064 ? The experimental data for Peff was logarithmically transformed (logPeff). Molecules with log Peff values below 2.0 were classified as low-permeability (Category 0), while those with log Peff values exceeding 2.5 were classified as high-permeability (Category 1).	Human Intestinal Absorption (HIA):	0.0
20% Bioavailability (F20%):	0.008	30% Bioavailability (F30%):	0.026
50% Bioavailability (F50%):	0.951

ADMET: Distribution

Blood-Brain-Barrier Penetration (BBB):	0.002	MRP1:	0.881
Plasma Protein Binding (PPB):	87.379%	Volume Distribution (VD):	-0.082
Fu:	15.017% ? The fraction unbound in plasms.	OATP1B1 inhibitor:	1.0
OATP1B3 inhibitor:	0.999	BCRP inhibitor:	0.258
BSEP inhibitor:	0.286

ADMET: Metabolism

CYP1A2-inhibitor:	0.009	CYP1A2-substrate:	0.001
CYP2C19-inhibitor:	0.911	CYP2C19-substrate:	0.009
CYP2C9-inhibitor:	0.002	CYP2C9-substrate:	0.001
CYP2D6-inhibitor:	0.142	CYP2D6-substrate:	0.227
CYP3A4-inhibitor:	0.998	CYP3A4-substrate:	0.263
CYP2B6-substrate:	0.0	CYP2C8-inhibitor:	0.998
HLM stability:	0.029 ? Human liver microsomal (HLM) stability. Category 0: stable+ (HLM > 30 min); Category 1: unstable- (HLM ≤ 30 min). The output value is the probability of human liver microsomal instability, where a value closer to 1 indicates a higher likelihood of instability.

ADMET: Excretion

Clearance (CL):

6.223

Half-life (T1/2):

2.493

ADMET: Toxicity

hERG Blockers:	0.038	hERG Blockers (10um):	0.345
Human Hepatotoxicity (H-HT):	0.829	Drug-induced Liver Injury (DILI):	0.584
AMES Toxicity:	0.69	Rat Oral Acute Toxicity:	0.138
Maximum Recommended Daily Dose:	0.232	Skin Sensitization:	0.952
Carcinogencity:	0.228	Eye Corrosion:	0.0
Eye Irritation:	0.331	Respiratory Toxicity:	0.064
Drug-induced Neurotoxicity:	0.303	Ototoxicity:	0.773
Hematotoxicity:	0.158	Drug-induced Nephrotoxicity:	0.74
Genotoxicity:	0.675	RPMI-8226 Immunitoxicity:	0.255
A549 Cytotoxicity:	0.459	Hek293 Cytotoxicity:	0.357
BCF:	0.841 ? Bioconcentration factors are used for considering secondary poisoning potential and assessing risks to human health via the food chain. The unit is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	IGC50:	3.474 ? 48 hour Tetrahymena pyriformis IGC50. The unit of IGC50 is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].
LC50DM:	4.932 ? 48 hour Daphnia magna LC50. The unit of LC50DM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	LC50FM:	4.174 ? 96 hour fathead minnow LC50. The unit of LC50FM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].

Species Source

Organism ID	Organism Name	Taxonomy Level	Family	SuperKingdom	Isolation Part	Collection Location	Collection Time	Reference
NPO19192	Sinocalamus affinis	Species	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	stem	n.a.	PMID[21469695]
NPO19192	Sinocalamus affinis	Species	n.a.	n.a.	skin-removed stems	Pingle Town, Sichuang Province, China	2008-AUG	PMID[21469695]
NPO19192	Sinocalamus affinis	Species	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[22690646]
NPO19192	Sinocalamus affinis	Species	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO19192	Sinocalamus affinis	Species	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP source organism data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated them from below databases:
☉ UNPD: Universal Natural Products Database [PMID: 23638153].
☉ StreptomeDB: a database of streptomycetes natural products [PMID: 33051671].
☉ TM-MC: a database of medicinal materials and chemical compounds in Northeast Asian traditional medicine [PMID: 26156871].
☉ TCM@Taiwan: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 21253603].
☉ TCMID: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 29106634].
☉ TCMSP: The traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform [PMID: 24735618].
☉ HerDing: a herb recommendation system to treat diseases using genes and chemicals [PMID: 26980517].
☉ MetaboLights: a metabolomics database [PMID: 27010336].
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

NP Quantity Composition/Concentration

Organism ID	Organism Name	Organism Material Preparation	Organism Part	NP Quantity (Standard)	NP Quantity (Minimum)	NP Quantity (Maximum)	Quantity Unit	Reference

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP quantitative records for specific NP domains (e.g., NPS from foods or herbs) from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ DUKE: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases.
☉ PHENOL EXPLORER: is the first comprehensive database on polyphenol content in foods [PMID: 24103452], its homepage can be accessed at here.
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

Biological Activity

Activity Type	# Activity
Inhibition	1

Activity Type	# Activity
Others	1

Molecular-level activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

In vitro activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Inhibition	<	30.0	%	PMID[21469695]

In vivo activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

Experimental ADME

Experiment Model	Experiment Tissue	ADME Type	ADME Relation	ADME Value	ADME Unit	Reference

Experimental Toxicity

Quantitative toxicity

Experiment Model	Experiment Organism	Toxicity Type	Toxicity Relation	Toxicity Value	Toxicity Unit	Reference

Common Abbreviations:
LC: Lethal Concentration; LD: Lethal Dose; LT:Lethal Time; NOAEL: No-observed-adverse-effect Level; BMDL: Benchmark Dose Lower Confidence Limit; BMD: Benchmark Dose; BMC:Benchmark Concentration; LOAEL: Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level; RfD:Reference Dose; RfC:Reference Concentration; MRL: Minimal Risk Level; MEG: Maximum Exposure Guideline; PAC: Protective Action Criteria

Categorical toxicity labels

Hepatotoxicity	Carcinogenicity	Mutagenicity	Cardiotoxicity	Respiratory Toxicity	Eye Irritation	Endocrine Disruption

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP toxicity records from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ ToxValDB: a curated database that compiles quantitative toxicity values for chemicals from diverse public sources to support toxicological research and risk assessment.
☉ TOXRIC: a comprehensive, free-to-access, online database providing toxicological/feature data. The toxicity labels are retrieved from this database. [PMID: 36400569]

Chemically structural similarity

Similar Active Natural Products in NPASS

Top-200 similar NPs were calculated against the active-NP-set (includes approximately 50,000 NPs with experimentally-derived bioactivity available in NPASS)

Similarity is measured using the Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) , which compares the binary fingerprints of two molecules. Tc is calculated as the intersection divided by the union of '1' bits in the fingerprints, ranging from 0 to 1, with 1 indicating highest similarity.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC324492 and all remaining natural products in the NPASS database.
● The right table: Most similar natural products (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	22186
0.1-0.2	24576
0.2-0.3	2651
0.3-0.4	306
0.4-0.5	104
0.5-0.6	21
0.6-0.7	5
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	0
0.85-0.9	3
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	1

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Natural Product ID
1.0	High Similarity	NPC317053
0.8806	High Similarity	NPC324517
0.8806	High Similarity	NPC321972
0.8769	High Similarity	NPC320671
0.7761	Intermediate Similarity	NPC470097
0.7313	Intermediate Similarity	NPC470098
0.7313	Intermediate Similarity	NPC473266
0.6901	Remote Similarity	NPC328567
0.6901	Remote Similarity	NPC470826
0.6184	Remote Similarity	NPC114119
0.6184	Remote Similarity	NPC471415
0.6026	Remote Similarity	NPC473236
0.5974	Remote Similarity	NPC51328
0.5974	Remote Similarity	NPC55158
0.5806	Remote Similarity	NPC115207
0.5806	Remote Similarity	NPC158079
0.5806	Remote Similarity	NPC228346
0.5806	Remote Similarity	NPC40432
0.5806	Remote Similarity	NPC161557
0.5692	Remote Similarity	NPC126409
0.5692	Remote Similarity	NPC99572
0.5672	Remote Similarity	NPC27843
0.5672	Remote Similarity	NPC7171
0.5309	Remote Similarity	NPC38041
0.5309	Remote Similarity	NPC22150
0.5278	Remote Similarity	NPC88640
0.5278	Remote Similarity	NPC101153
0.5278	Remote Similarity	NPC193666
0.5278	Remote Similarity	NPC123526
0.5278	Remote Similarity	NPC608725
0.5217	Remote Similarity	NPC478955
0.5217	Remote Similarity	NPC478700
0.5065	Remote Similarity	NPC265154

Similar Clinical/Approved Drugs

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC324492 and all drugs/candidates.
● The right table: Most similar clinical/approved drugs (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	4436
0.1-0.2	4608
0.2-0.3	102
0.3-0.4	4
0.4-0.5	0
0.5-0.6	0
0.6-0.7	0
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	0
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Drug ID	Developmental Stage
		NPD

Bioactivity similarity

Similar Natural Products in NPASS

Similarity level is defined by Bioactivity similarity was calculated based on bioactivity descriptors of compounds. The bioactivity descriptors were calculated by a recently developed AI algorithm Chemical Checker (CC) [Nature Biotechnology, 38:1087–1096, 2020; Nature Communications, 12:3932, 2021], which evaluated bioactivity similarities at five levels:
☉ A: chemistry similarity;
☉ B: biological targets similarity;
☉ C: networks similarity;
☉ D: cell-based bioactivity similarity;
☉ E: similarity based on clinical data.
Those 5 categories of CC bioactivity descriptors were calculated and then subjected to manifold projection using UMAP algorithm, to project all NPs on a 2-Dimensional space. The current NP was highlighted with a small circle in the 2-D map. Below figures: left-to-right, A-to-E.

A: chemistry similarity

B: biological targets similarity

C: networks similarity

D: cell-based bioactivity similarity

E: similarity based on clinical data