NPASS Compound

Natural Product: NPC274681

Natural Product ID	NPC274681
Common Name ? The InCHIKey will be temporarily assigned as the "Common Name" if no IUPAC name or alternative short name is available.	QTGAEXCCAPTGLB-ZYEZJADKSA-N
IUPAC Name	n.a.
Synonyms
Synthetic Gene Cluster	n.a.
ChEMBL Identifier	n.a.
PubChem CID	5463721
Chemical Classification	CHEMONTID:0000000 [Organic compounds] [CHEMONTID:0000002] Organoheterocyclic compounds [CHEMONTID:0000159] Epoxides

The Chemical Classification was calculated by Classyfire, a software for chemical taxonomy calculation. Reference: DOI:10.1186/s13321-016-0174-y.

Chemical Representations

RDKit 3D 40 41 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000 -0.6973 2.8476 1.4417 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.1767 2.2003 0.2048 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.7735 1.1534 -0.3427 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.9527 0.4359 0.0850 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.8495 -1.0668 0.0654 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.2534 -1.4038 0.7137 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.0404 -1.6605 -1.3115 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.9110 -1.7028 0.9379 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.3290 -1.9199 0.6602 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.9461 -1.5325 -0.5996 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.1131 -0.6465 -0.3390 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.1484 -1.4159 0.5836 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.3467 0.6343 -0.5168 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.7907 1.7606 -1.2885 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.1354 2.7106 -0.2854 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.9421 -0.3152 -1.5292 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.7744 2.6321 1.6001 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.6049 3.9535 1.4041 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.1280 2.4151 2.2993 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.3165 0.8276 -1.2878 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.8222 0.7708 -0.5170 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.2377 0.6955 1.1518 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.3660 -2.4973 0.7491 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.9719 -0.8975 0.0403 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.2098 -0.9097 1.6892 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.8207 -0.9766 -2.1467 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.5540 -2.6532 -1.3834 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.1278 -1.9263 -1.5270 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.2009 -2.0720 1.9746 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.9313 -2.4338 1.4475 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.4688 -2.5225 -0.9254 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.3598 -1.3214 -1.4612 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.4040 -2.3755 0.0941 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.7483 -1.4927 1.5909 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.0783 -0.8182 0.6313 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.2414 1.0777 0.1247 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.6688 2.3831 -1.6667 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.2229 1.5616 -2.1819 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.8447 2.7860 0.5638 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.0695 3.7149 -0.7433 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 0 2 3 2 0 3 4 1 0 4 5 1 0 5 6 1 0 5 7 1 0 5 8 1 0 8 9 2 0 9 10 1 0 10 11 1 0 11 12 1 0 11 13 1 0 13 14 1 0 14 15 1 0 13 16 1 0 15 2 1 0 16 11 1 0 1 17 1 0 1 18 1 0 1 19 1 0 3 20 1 0 4 21 1 0 4 22 1 0 6 23 1 0 6 24 1 0 6 25 1 0 7 26 1 0 7 27 1 0 7 28 1 0 8 29 1 0 9 30 1 0 10 31 1 0 10 32 1 0 12 33 1 0 12 34 1 0 12 35 1 0 13 36 1 0 14 37 1 0 14 38 1 0 15 39 1 0 15 40 1 0 M END

Standard InCHIKey	QTGAEXCCAPTGLB-ZYEZJADKSA-N
Standard InCHI	InChI=1S/C15H24O/c1-12-6-7-13-15(4,16-13)10-5-9-14(2,3)11-8-12/h5,8-9,13H,6-7,10-11H2,1-4H3/b9-5-,12-8+
SMILES	C/C/1=CCC(C)(C)/C=CCC2(C)C(CC1)O2

Calculated Properties

Physi-Chem Properties

Molecular Weight:	220.18	Volume:	254.401 ? Van der Waals volume.
Dense:	0.865	LogP:	3.278 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficients.
logD7.4:	2.87 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficient at pH=7.4.	LogS:	-2.703 ? The logarithm of aqueous solubility value.
Rotatable Bonds:	0.0	Rigid Bonds:	13.0
TPSA:	12.53 ? Topological Polar Surface Area.	H-Bond Acceptor:	1.0
H-Bond Donor:	0.0	Rings:	2.0
Heavy Atoms:	1.0

MedChem Properties

QED Drug-Likeness Score:	0.439	GASA:	1.0 ? GASA represents the probability of being difficult to synthesize, ranging from 0 to 1.
Synthetic Accessibility Score:	4.462	Fsp³:	0.733
MCE-18:	35.538 ? MCE-18 stands for medicinal chemistry evolution.MCE-18≥45 is considered a suitable value.	Lipinski Rule-of-5:	Rejected
Pfizer Rule:	Accepted	GSK Rule:	Rejected
Golden Triangle Rule:	Rejected	BMS Rule:	0
Chelating Alert:	0	PAINS Alert:	0
Colloidal aggregators:	0.319	Fluc inhibitor:	0.0 ? The fluc inhibitor value is the probability of being fLuc inhibitors, within the range of 0 to 1.
Blue fluorescence:	0.002 ? The blue fluorescence value is the probability of being blue fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1	Green fluorescence:	0.014 ? The green fluorescence value is the probability of being green fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1
Reactive compounds:	0.993	Promiscuous compounds:	0.005

ADMET Properties (ADMETlab3.0)

ADMET: Absorption

Caco-2 Permeability:	-4.481	MDCK Permeability:	-4.685
Pgp-inhibitor:	0.887	Pgp-substrate:	0.035
PAMPA:	0.108 ? The experimental data for Peff was logarithmically transformed (logPeff). Molecules with log Peff values below 2.0 were classified as low-permeability (Category 0), while those with log Peff values exceeding 2.5 were classified as high-permeability (Category 1).	Human Intestinal Absorption (HIA):	0.197
20% Bioavailability (F20%):	0.297	30% Bioavailability (F30%):	0.383
50% Bioavailability (F50%):	0.815

ADMET: Distribution

Blood-Brain-Barrier Penetration (BBB):	0.278	MRP1:	0.892
Plasma Protein Binding (PPB):	92.014%	Volume Distribution (VD):	0.384
Fu:	6.149% ? The fraction unbound in plasms.	OATP1B1 inhibitor:	0.883
OATP1B3 inhibitor:	0.866	BCRP inhibitor:	0.101
BSEP inhibitor:	0.976

ADMET: Metabolism

CYP1A2-inhibitor:	0.008	CYP1A2-substrate:	0.949
CYP2C19-inhibitor:	0.615	CYP2C19-substrate:	0.01
CYP2C9-inhibitor:	0.767	CYP2C9-substrate:	0.036
CYP2D6-inhibitor:	0.5	CYP2D6-substrate:	0.685
CYP3A4-inhibitor:	0.023	CYP3A4-substrate:	0.902
CYP2B6-substrate:	0.703	CYP2C8-inhibitor:	0.982
HLM stability:	0.888 ? Human liver microsomal (HLM) stability. Category 0: stable+ (HLM > 30 min); Category 1: unstable- (HLM ≤ 30 min). The output value is the probability of human liver microsomal instability, where a value closer to 1 indicates a higher likelihood of instability.

ADMET: Excretion

Clearance (CL):

8.049

Half-life (T1/2):

0.573

ADMET: Toxicity

hERG Blockers:	0.059	hERG Blockers (10um):	0.244
Human Hepatotoxicity (H-HT):	0.394	Drug-induced Liver Injury (DILI):	0.307
AMES Toxicity:	0.205	Rat Oral Acute Toxicity:	0.249
Maximum Recommended Daily Dose:	0.46	Skin Sensitization:	0.961
Carcinogencity:	0.347	Eye Corrosion:	0.95
Eye Irritation:	0.984	Respiratory Toxicity:	0.641
Drug-induced Neurotoxicity:	0.586	Ototoxicity:	0.106
Hematotoxicity:	0.092	Drug-induced Nephrotoxicity:	0.303
Genotoxicity:	0.085	RPMI-8226 Immunitoxicity:	0.061
A549 Cytotoxicity:	0.048	Hek293 Cytotoxicity:	0.26
BCF:	2.903 ? Bioconcentration factors are used for considering secondary poisoning potential and assessing risks to human health via the food chain. The unit is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	IGC50:	4.228 ? 48 hour Tetrahymena pyriformis IGC50. The unit of IGC50 is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].
LC50DM:	5.096 ? 48 hour Daphnia magna LC50. The unit of LC50DM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	LC50FM:	5.048 ? 96 hour fathead minnow LC50. The unit of LC50FM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].

Species Source

Organism ID	Organism Name	Taxonomy Level	Family	SuperKingdom	Isolation Part	Collection Location	Collection Time	Reference
NPO4391	Hypericum perforatum	Species	Hypericaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	DOI[10.1007/s11240-015-0798-z]
NPO4391	Hypericum perforatum	Species	Hypericaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	DOI[10.1016/j.fitote.2006.01.011]
NPO4391	Hypericum perforatum	Species	Hypericaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	DOI[10.1016/j.jarmap.2018.11.004]
NPO29141	Panax ginseng	Species	Araliaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	DOI[10.1016/j.jarmap.2018.11.004]
NPO20553	Zingiber officinale	Species	Zingiberaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	DOI[10.1016/j.jarmap.2018.11.004]
NPO4391	Hypericum perforatum	Species	Hypericaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	DOI[10.1016/j.plaphy.2005.07.013]
NPO22796	Cyperus rotundus	Species	Cyperaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	DOI[10.1016/S0040-4039(01)90945-1]
NPO4391	Hypericum perforatum	Species	Hypericaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	DOI[10.1078/0176-1617-00195]
NPO4391	Hypericum perforatum	Species	Hypericaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	DOI[10.1155/2014/609649]
NPO13879	Humulus lupulus	Species	Cannabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	cone	n.a.	PMID[10336650]
NPO4391	Hypericum perforatum	Species	Hypericaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[10757735]
NPO1859	Lantana camara	Species	Verbenaceae	Eukaryota	aerial parts	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[10869197]
NPO4391	Hypericum perforatum	Species	Hypericaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[14735439]
NPO13879	Humulus lupulus	Species	Cannabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[15679315]
NPO11169	Piper cubeba	Species	Piperaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[15679319]
NPO4391	Hypericum perforatum	Species	Hypericaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	callus	n.a.	PMID[15715262]
NPO27791	Zingiber zerumbet	Species	Zingiberaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	rhizome	n.a.	PMID[15997145]
NPO13879	Humulus lupulus	Species	Cannabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[16252923]
NPO13879	Humulus lupulus	Species	Cannabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	cone	n.a.	PMID[17624889]
NPO1859	Lantana camara	Species	Verbenaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[1812212]
NPO20553	Zingiber officinale	Species	Zingiberaceae	Eukaryota	rhizomes	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[18177011]
NPO4391	Hypericum perforatum	Species	Hypericaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[18220354]
NPO29141	Panax ginseng	Species	Araliaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	leaf	n.a.	PMID[18409045]
NPO13879	Humulus lupulus	Species	Cannabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[18611049]
NPO13879	Humulus lupulus	Species	Cannabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[18768384]
NPO29110	Litsea cubeba	Species	Lauraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	aerial part	n.a.	PMID[18991207]
NPO20553	Zingiber officinale	Species	Zingiberaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[19271742]
NPO13879	Humulus lupulus	Species	Cannabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[19476340]
NPO29141	Panax ginseng	Species	Araliaceae	Eukaryota	flower buds	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[19926279]
NPO20553	Zingiber officinale	Species	Zingiberaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[20590154]
NPO29141	Panax ginseng	Species	Araliaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	root	n.a.	PMID[2092947]
NPO29110	Litsea cubeba	Species	Lauraceae	Eukaryota	essential oil	Tibet	n.a.	PMID[20944522]
NPO29141	Panax ginseng	Species	Araliaceae	Eukaryota	berry	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[21216145]
NPO11100	Artemisia capillaris	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	whole plant	n.a.	PMID[21428416]
NPO13879	Humulus lupulus	Species	Cannabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[21912858]
NPO13879	Humulus lupulus	Species	Cannabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	cone	n.a.	PMID[22111577]
NPO13879	Humulus lupulus	Species	Cannabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	flower	n.a.	PMID[22166201]
NPO8650	Perilla frutescens	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	leaves	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[22272932]
NPO11100	Artemisia capillaris	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[22870812]
NPO31457	Amomum kravanh	Species	Zingiberaceae	Eukaryota	fruits	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[23394284]
NPO11100	Artemisia capillaris	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[23435948]
NPO13879	Humulus lupulus	Species	Cannabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[23790907]
NPO29141	Panax ginseng	Species	Araliaceae	Eukaryota	leaves	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[24290061]
NPO22796	Cyperus rotundus	Species	Cyperaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[24704449]
NPO13879	Humulus lupulus	Species	Cannabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[24948953]
NPO29141	Panax ginseng	Species	Araliaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[24968750]
NPO29141	Panax ginseng	Species	Araliaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[25152999]
NPO8650	Perilla frutescens	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[25320841]
NPO13879	Humulus lupulus	Species	Cannabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[25564559]
NPO11100	Artemisia capillaris	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[25737008]
NPO29141	Panax ginseng	Species	Araliaceae	Eukaryota	stems-leaves	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[26420067]
NPO22796	Cyperus rotundus	Species	Cyperaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[26967731]
NPO29141	Panax ginseng	Species	Araliaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	stem	n.a.	PMID[27914541]
NPO29141	Panax ginseng	Species	Araliaceae	Eukaryota	Flower Buds	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[28345906]
NPO4391	Hypericum perforatum	Species	Hypericaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[28445039]
NPO29110	Litsea cubeba	Species	Lauraceae	Eukaryota	Twigs	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[28541690]
NPO13879	Humulus lupulus	Species	Cannabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[29154541]
NPO4391	Hypericum perforatum	Species	Hypericaceae	Eukaryota	Roots	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[30024167]
NPO13879	Humulus lupulus	Species	Cannabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[30384263]
NPO11169	Piper cubeba	Species	Piperaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[31096694]
NPO29141	Panax ginseng	Species	Araliaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[32129622]
NPO4391	Hypericum perforatum	Species	Hypericaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[32560389]
NPO20553	Zingiber officinale	Species	Zingiberaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[32872604]
NPO1859	Lantana camara	Species	Verbenaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[33780581]
NPO28183	Cymbopogon flexuosus	Species	Poaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[34946632]
NPO42012	Rosmarinus officinalis	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[35889256]
NPO14951	Zanthoxylum acanthopodium	Species	Rutaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[36014481]
NPO1859	Lantana camara	Species	Verbenaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[36270431]
NPO4391	Hypericum perforatum	Species	Hypericaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[36336219]
NPO20553	Zingiber officinale	Species	Zingiberaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[36352904]
NPO3572	Blumea lacera	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[36432060]
NPO29110	Litsea cubeba	Species	Lauraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[36552598]
NPO42012	Rosmarinus officinalis	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[36677644]
NPO14951	Zanthoxylum acanthopodium	Species	Rutaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[37471031]
NPO13879	Humulus lupulus	Species	Cannabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[37631012]
NPO29110	Litsea cubeba	Species	Lauraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[37746728]
NPO63537	Syzygium acuminatissimum	Species	Myrtaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[38005226]
NPO55450	Syzygium vestitum	Species	Myrtaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[38005226]
NPO31457	Amomum kravanh	Species	Zingiberaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[38067483]
NPO4391	Hypericum perforatum	Species	Hypericaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[38217369]
NPO1859	Lantana camara	Species	Verbenaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[38257257]
NPO13879	Humulus lupulus	Species	Cannabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[38354824]
NPO28183	Cymbopogon flexuosus	Species	Poaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[38370218]
NPO42012	Rosmarinus officinalis	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[38474654]
NPO4296	Polyalthia suberosa	Species	Annonaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[38609961]
NPO42012	Rosmarinus officinalis	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[38617605]
NPO42012	Rosmarinus officinalis	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[38695450]
NPO7698	Elettaria cardamomum	Species	Zingiberaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[38868673]
NPO1859	Lantana camara	Species	Verbenaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[38893531]
NPO7698	Elettaria cardamomum	Species	Zingiberaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[38999684]
NPO29110	Litsea cubeba	Species	Lauraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[39013008]
NPO42012	Rosmarinus officinalis	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[39063231]
NPO48313	Goniothalamus touranensis	Species	Annonaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[39102300]
NPO1859	Lantana camara	Species	Verbenaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[39104562]
NPO42012	Rosmarinus officinalis	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[39135848]
NPO13879	Humulus lupulus	Species	Cannabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[39199155]
NPO29110	Litsea cubeba	Species	Lauraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[39395223]
NPO20553	Zingiber officinale	Species	Zingiberaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[39679248]
NPO20553	Zingiber officinale	Species	Zingiberaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[39680258]
NPO20553	Zingiber officinale	Species	Zingiberaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	rhizome	n.a.	PMID[8064299]
NPO20553	Zingiber officinale	Species	Zingiberaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[8064299]
NPO4296	Polyalthia suberosa	Species	Annonaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	leaf	n.a.	PMID[8377018]
NPO4296	Polyalthia suberosa	Species	Annonaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	stem	n.a.	PMID[8377018]
NPO1859	Lantana camara	Species	Verbenaceae	Eukaryota	leaves	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[9834145]
NPO11169	Piper cubeba	Species	Piperaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[Article]
NPO19649	Akebia quinata	Species	Lardizabalaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[Article]
NPO4391	Hypericum perforatum	Species	Hypericaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO8650	Perilla frutescens	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO42012	Rosmarinus officinalis	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO20553	Zingiber officinale	Species	Zingiberaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO13879	Humulus lupulus	Species	Cannabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO19649	Akebia quinata	Species	Lardizabalaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO11170	Akebia trifoliata	Species	Lardizabalaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO11100	Artemisia capillaris	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO7698	Elettaria cardamomum	Species	Zingiberaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO1859	Lantana camara	Species	Verbenaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO29110	Litsea cubeba	Species	Lauraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO11169	Piper cubeba	Species	Piperaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO4296	Polyalthia suberosa	Species	Annonaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO22796	Cyperus rotundus	Species	Cyperaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO29141	Panax ginseng	Species	Araliaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO27791	Zingiber zerumbet	Species	Zingiberaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO3572	Blumea lacera	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO8789	Schizonepeta tenuifolia	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO31457	Amomum kravanh	Species	Zingiberaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO3392	Agastache rugosus	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO14951	Zanthoxylum acanthopodium	Species	Rutaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO28183	Cymbopogon flexuosus	Species	Poaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO20553	Zingiber officinale	Species	Zingiberaceae	Eukaryota		n.a.	n.a.	Database[FooDB]
NPO7698	Elettaria cardamomum	Species	Zingiberaceae	Eukaryota	Fruit	n.a.	n.a.	Database[FooDB]
NPO42012	Rosmarinus officinalis	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	Leaf	n.a.	n.a.	Database[FooDB]
NPO7698	Elettaria cardamomum	Species	Zingiberaceae	Eukaryota	Plant	n.a.	n.a.	Database[FooDB]
NPO42012	Rosmarinus officinalis	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	Plant	n.a.	n.a.	Database[FooDB]
NPO20553	Zingiber officinale	Species	Zingiberaceae	Eukaryota	Plant	n.a.	n.a.	Database[FooDB]
NPO20553	Zingiber officinale	Species	Zingiberaceae	Eukaryota	Resin, Exudate, Sap	n.a.	n.a.	Database[FooDB]
NPO20553	Zingiber officinale	Species	Zingiberaceae	Eukaryota	Rhizome	n.a.	n.a.	Database[FooDB]
NPO20553	Zingiber officinale	Species	Zingiberaceae	Eukaryota	Root	n.a.	n.a.	Database[FooDB]
NPO7698	Elettaria cardamomum	Species	Zingiberaceae	Eukaryota	Seed	n.a.	n.a.	Database[FooDB]
NPO42012	Rosmarinus officinalis	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	Shoot	n.a.	n.a.	Database[FooDB]
NPO42012	Rosmarinus officinalis	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	Tissue Culture	n.a.	n.a.	Database[FooDB]
NPO42012	Rosmarinus officinalis	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota		n.a.	n.a.	Database[FooDB]
NPO7698	Elettaria cardamomum	Species	Zingiberaceae	Eukaryota		n.a.	n.a.	Database[FooDB]
NPO20553	Zingiber officinale	Species	Zingiberaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.		Database[FooDB]
NPO42012	Rosmarinus officinalis	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.		Database[FooDB]
NPO7698	Elettaria cardamomum	Species	Zingiberaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.		Database[FooDB]
NPO19649	Akebia quinata	Species	Lardizabalaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO11100	Artemisia capillaris	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO29141	Panax ginseng	Species	Araliaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO4391	Hypericum perforatum	Species	Hypericaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO8650	Perilla frutescens	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO3392	Agastache rugosus	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO20553	Zingiber officinale	Species	Zingiberaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO8789	Schizonepeta tenuifolia	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO29110	Litsea cubeba	Species	Lauraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO13879	Humulus lupulus	Species	Cannabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO1859	Lantana camara	Species	Verbenaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO22796	Cyperus rotundus	Species	Cyperaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO31457	Amomum kravanh	Species	Zingiberaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO11169	Piper cubeba	Species	Piperaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO14951	Zanthoxylum acanthopodium	Species	Rutaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO11170	Akebia trifoliata	Species	Lardizabalaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO27791	Zingiber zerumbet	Species	Zingiberaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO28183	Cymbopogon flexuosus	Species	Poaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO3572	Blumea lacera	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO29141	Panax ginseng	Species	Araliaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[MetaboLights]
NPO11170	Akebia trifoliata	Species	Lardizabalaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	pericarp	n.a.	PMID[p25172756]
NPO20553	Zingiber officinale	Species	Zingiberaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.		Database[Phenol-Explorer]
NPO42012	Rosmarinus officinalis	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.		Database[Phenol-Explorer]
NPO7698	Elettaria cardamomum	Species	Zingiberaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.		Database[Phenol-Explorer]
NPO29141	Panax ginseng	Species	Araliaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO11100	Artemisia capillaris	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO20553	Zingiber officinale	Species	Zingiberaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO13879	Humulus lupulus	Species	Cannabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO19649	Akebia quinata	Species	Lardizabalaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO8789	Schizonepeta tenuifolia	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO3392	Agastache rugosus	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO22796	Cyperus rotundus	Species	Cyperaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO4391	Hypericum perforatum	Species	Hypericaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO8650	Perilla frutescens	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO1859	Lantana camara	Species	Verbenaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO12322	Amomum krervanh	Species	Zingiberaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO11169	Piper cubeba	Species	Piperaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO28183	Cymbopogon flexuosus	Species	Poaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO27791	Zingiber zerumbet	Species	Zingiberaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO14951	Zanthoxylum acanthopodium	Species	Rutaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO29110	Litsea cubeba	Species	Lauraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO11170	Akebia trifoliata	Species	Lardizabalaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO3572	Blumea lacera	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO4296	Polyalthia suberosa	Species	Annonaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO20553	Zingiber officinale	Species	Zingiberaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO8789	Schizonepeta tenuifolia	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO22796	Cyperus rotundus	Species	Cyperaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO29141	Panax ginseng	Species	Araliaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO13879	Humulus lupulus	Species	Cannabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO8650	Perilla frutescens	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO19649	Akebia quinata	Species	Lardizabalaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO1859	Lantana camara	Species	Verbenaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO11100	Artemisia capillaris	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO4391	Hypericum perforatum	Species	Hypericaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO31457	Amomum kravanh	Species	Zingiberaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO11170	Akebia trifoliata	Species	Lardizabalaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO4391	Hypericum perforatum	Species	Hypericaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TM-MC]
NPO8650	Perilla frutescens	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TM-MC]
NPO11100	Artemisia capillaris	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TM-MC]
NPO19649	Akebia quinata	Species	Lardizabalaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TM-MC]
NPO11170	Akebia trifoliata	Species	Lardizabalaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TM-MC]
NPO7698	Elettaria cardamomum	Species	Zingiberaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TM-MC]
NPO29110	Litsea cubeba	Species	Lauraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TM-MC]
NPO20553	Zingiber officinale	Species	Zingiberaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TM-MC]
NPO29141	Panax ginseng	Species	Araliaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TM-MC]
NPO13879	Humulus lupulus	Species	Cannabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TM-MC]
NPO22796	Cyperus rotundus	Species	Cyperaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TM-MC]
NPO12322	Amomum krervanh	Species	Zingiberaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TM-MC]
NPO11169	Piper cubeba	Species	Piperaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TM-MC]
NPO8789	Schizonepeta tenuifolia	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TM-MC]
NPO8650	Perilla frutescens	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO7698	Elettaria cardamomum	Species	Zingiberaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO12322	Amomum krervanh	Species	Zingiberaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO13879	Humulus lupulus	Species	Cannabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO11170	Akebia trifoliata	Species	Lardizabalaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO4391	Hypericum perforatum	Species	Hypericaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO29141	Panax ginseng	Species	Araliaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO1859	Lantana camara	Species	Verbenaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO14951	Zanthoxylum acanthopodium	Species	Rutaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO28183	Cymbopogon flexuosus	Species	Poaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO19649	Akebia quinata	Species	Lardizabalaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO22796	Cyperus rotundus	Species	Cyperaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO29110	Litsea cubeba	Species	Lauraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO11100	Artemisia capillaris	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO4296	Polyalthia suberosa	Species	Annonaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO8789	Schizonepeta tenuifolia	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP source organism data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated them from below databases:
☉ UNPD: Universal Natural Products Database [PMID: 23638153].
☉ StreptomeDB: a database of streptomycetes natural products [PMID: 33051671].
☉ TM-MC: a database of medicinal materials and chemical compounds in Northeast Asian traditional medicine [PMID: 26156871].
☉ TCM@Taiwan: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 21253603].
☉ TCMID: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 29106634].
☉ TCMSP: The traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform [PMID: 24735618].
☉ HerDing: a herb recommendation system to treat diseases using genes and chemicals [PMID: 26980517].
☉ MetaboLights: a metabolomics database [PMID: 27010336].
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

NP Quantity Composition/Concentration

Organism ID	Organism Name	Organism Material Preparation	Organism Part	NP Quantity (Standard)	NP Quantity (Minimum)	NP Quantity (Maximum)	Quantity Unit	Reference
NPO13879	Humulus lupulus	Aqueous extract	Flowers	0.64	n.a.	n.a.	%	PMID[38354824]
NPO13879	Humulus lupulus	Aqueous extract	Flowers	2.09	n.a.	n.a.	%	PMID[38354824]
NPO14951	Zanthoxylum acanthopodium	Oil	Leaves	0.4	n.a.	n.a.	%	PMID[37471031]
NPO14951	Zanthoxylum acanthopodium	Oil	Stems		n.a.	n.a.	%	PMID[37471031]
NPO1859	Lantana camara	Oil	n.a.	0.1	n.a.	n.a.	%	PMID[33780581]
NPO28183	Cymbopogon flexuosus	Steam distillation	n.a.	0.00 Â± 0.000	n.a.	n.a.	%	PMID[38370218]
NPO28183	Cymbopogon flexuosus	Steam distillation	n.a.	0.02 Â± 0.009	n.a.	n.a.	%	PMID[38370218]
NPO3572	Blumea lacera	Oil	n.a.	0.2	n.a.	n.a.	%	PMID[36432060]
NPO3572	Blumea lacera	Oil	Leaves	0.2	n.a.	n.a.	%	PMID[36432060]
NPO3572	Blumea lacera	Oil	Stems	0.1	n.a.	n.a.	%	PMID[36432060]
NPO42012	Rosmarinus officinalis	Oil	n.a.	0.1	n.a.	n.a.	%	PMID[38474654]
NPO4296	Polyalthia suberosa	Oil	n.a.	0.22	n.a.	n.a.	%	PMID[38609961]
NPO48313	Goniothalamus touranensis	Oil	n.a.	0.26	n.a.	n.a.	%	PMID[39102300]
NPO55450	Syzygium vestitum	Oil	Leaves	2.1	n.a.	n.a.	%	PMID[38005226]
NPO63537	Syzygium acuminatissimum	Oil	Leaves	0.5	n.a.	n.a.	%	PMID[38005226]
NPO63537	Syzygium acuminatissimum	Oil	Fruits	0.3	n.a.	n.a.	%	PMID[38005226]

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP quantitative records for specific NP domains (e.g., NPS from foods or herbs) from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ DUKE: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases.
☉ PHENOL EXPLORER: is the first comprehensive database on polyphenol content in foods [PMID: 24103452], its homepage can be accessed at here.
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

Biological Activity

Molecular-level activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

In vitro activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

In vivo activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

Experimental ADME

Experiment Model	Experiment Tissue	ADME Type	ADME Relation	ADME Value	ADME Unit	Reference

Experimental Toxicity

Quantitative toxicity

Experiment Model	Experiment Organism	Toxicity Type	Toxicity Relation	Toxicity Value	Toxicity Unit	Reference

Common Abbreviations:
LC: Lethal Concentration; LD: Lethal Dose; LT:Lethal Time; NOAEL: No-observed-adverse-effect Level; BMDL: Benchmark Dose Lower Confidence Limit; BMD: Benchmark Dose; BMC:Benchmark Concentration; LOAEL: Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level; RfD:Reference Dose; RfC:Reference Concentration; MRL: Minimal Risk Level; MEG: Maximum Exposure Guideline; PAC: Protective Action Criteria

Categorical toxicity labels

Hepatotoxicity	Carcinogenicity	Mutagenicity	Cardiotoxicity	Respiratory Toxicity	Eye Irritation	Endocrine Disruption

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP toxicity records from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ ToxValDB: a curated database that compiles quantitative toxicity values for chemicals from diverse public sources to support toxicological research and risk assessment.
☉ TOXRIC: a comprehensive, free-to-access, online database providing toxicological/feature data. The toxicity labels are retrieved from this database. [PMID: 36400569]

Chemically structural similarity

Similar Active Natural Products in NPASS

Top-200 similar NPs were calculated against the active-NP-set (includes approximately 50,000 NPs with experimentally-derived bioactivity available in NPASS)

Similarity is measured using the Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) , which compares the binary fingerprints of two molecules. Tc is calculated as the intersection divided by the union of '1' bits in the fingerprints, ranging from 0 to 1, with 1 indicating highest similarity.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC274681 and all remaining natural products in the NPASS database.
● The right table: Most similar natural products (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	27119
0.1-0.2	22149
0.2-0.3	496
0.3-0.4	79
0.4-0.5	16
0.5-0.6	0
0.6-0.7	0
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	0
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Natural Product ID
		NPC

Similar Clinical/Approved Drugs

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC274681 and all drugs/candidates.
● The right table: Most similar clinical/approved drugs (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	8044
0.1-0.2	1098
0.2-0.3	6
0.3-0.4	1
0.4-0.5	1
0.5-0.6	0
0.6-0.7	0
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	0
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Drug ID	Developmental Stage
		NPD

Bioactivity similarity

Similar Natural Products in NPASS

Similarity level is defined by Bioactivity similarity was calculated based on bioactivity descriptors of compounds. The bioactivity descriptors were calculated by a recently developed AI algorithm Chemical Checker (CC) [Nature Biotechnology, 38:1087–1096, 2020; Nature Communications, 12:3932, 2021], which evaluated bioactivity similarities at five levels:
☉ A: chemistry similarity;
☉ B: biological targets similarity;
☉ C: networks similarity;
☉ D: cell-based bioactivity similarity;
☉ E: similarity based on clinical data.
Those 5 categories of CC bioactivity descriptors were calculated and then subjected to manifold projection using UMAP algorithm, to project all NPs on a 2-Dimensional space. The current NP was highlighted with a small circle in the 2-D map. Below figures: left-to-right, A-to-E.

A: chemistry similarity

B: biological targets similarity

C: networks similarity

D: cell-based bioactivity similarity

E: similarity based on clinical data