NPASS Compound

Natural Product: NPC256618

Natural Product ID	NPC256618
Common Name ? The InCHIKey will be temporarily assigned as the "Common Name" if no IUPAC name or alternative short name is available.	Azadirachtin Q
IUPAC Name	n.a.
Synonyms	1,3-Diacetylazadirachtol
Synthetic Gene Cluster	n.a.
ChEMBL Identifier	CHEMBL502955
PubChem CID	11354348
Chemical Classification	CHEMONTID:0000000 [Organic compounds] [CHEMONTID:0000012] Lipids and lipid-like molecules [CHEMONTID:0000259] Prenol lipids [CHEMONTID:0001553] Triterpenoids [CHEMONTID:0002380] Limonoids

The Chemical Classification was calculated by Classyfire, a software for chemical taxonomy calculation. Reference: DOI:10.1186/s13321-016-0174-y.

Chemical Representations

RDKit 3D 87 94 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000 -0.2150 3.4615 2.7265 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.7072 3.1078 1.5997 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.1578 3.9788 0.8124 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.1134 1.8013 1.3645 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.9813 1.4340 0.3081 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.2137 0.8574 0.9359 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.8633 -0.2829 0.2058 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.9658 -1.4409 -0.0668 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.7755 -2.4224 1.1015 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.4637 -2.9298 0.8937 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.7851 -2.0876 0.0350 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.5979 -0.8654 0.0880 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.2336 0.3629 -0.5539 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.6645 0.6513 -1.9436 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.5273 0.7013 -2.7411 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.4778 1.2111 -1.9086 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.2417 0.6074 -0.5516 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.1484 -0.5279 -0.2205 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.4697 -1.2620 -1.5099 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.5284 -1.5849 0.6756 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.1772 -0.9946 1.8716 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.4570 -0.1451 0.4152 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.4229 0.7576 -0.3203 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.2963 1.2616 0.8420 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.5967 -0.0722 1.4613 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.1948 -0.7229 1.4267 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.2260 -2.0762 2.0463 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.2768 0.2503 1.8616 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.5630 -0.7962 0.5779 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.9356 -0.3344 0.9549 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.4177 0.4654 0.0307 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.5151 0.6365 -1.0045 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.4573 -0.2913 -0.8375 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.2413 0.1429 -1.2113 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.5260 -2.1661 0.6819 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.3222 2.6922 -1.9438 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.0745 3.4575 -1.2542 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.6326 3.3298 -2.7149 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.7040 4.7365 -2.6847 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.2591 -2.2536 -1.2192 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.4388 -2.5408 -2.1068 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.5489 -2.7867 -1.4046 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.8491 -3.5873 -2.5338 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.0167 -0.6395 0.9431 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.3095 -0.4953 0.4616 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.4511 -0.0208 -0.6944 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.5121 -0.8646 1.2238 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.9273 4.2538 2.4494 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.7070 2.5218 3.0396 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.3705 3.8120 3.6123 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.2692 2.2956 -0.2946 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.0351 0.5790 2.0177 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.9778 1.6687 1.0033 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.2070 0.1082 -0.7729 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.5405 -3.1916 1.0125 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.8249 -1.8037 2.0198 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.4918 -2.4917 -0.9222 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.5778 -0.6083 1.2324 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.0991 1.7067 -2.0196 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.4100 0.0300 -2.4051 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.4253 0.9725 -2.3834 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.4258 1.4110 0.1924 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.6064 -1.2641 -2.2186 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.6439 -2.3641 -1.3147 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.3072 -0.8086 -2.0402 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.1524 -2.4645 0.7248 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0490 -1.7035 2.5373 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.0067 1.6619 -0.7406 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.6418 1.8173 1.5249 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.1666 1.8140 0.4944 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.9496 0.0086 2.5109 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.4008 -2.9097 1.3018 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.1336 -2.2090 2.7225 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.3941 -2.3032 2.7443 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.4726 -0.6028 1.8469 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -8.3916 0.9481 0.0411 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.7353 -1.1699 -1.4940 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.8139 -2.6218 -0.1408 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.3400 5.1558 -3.4862 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.3049 5.2111 -2.8285 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.0600 5.1079 -1.6954 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.2497 -3.3045 -3.4218 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.6778 -4.6679 -2.3526 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.9154 -3.4902 -2.8320 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.0552 -1.7058 0.7328 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.2566 -1.1093 2.2766 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.2087 -0.0034 1.2059 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 0 2 3 2 0 2 4 1 0 4 5 1 0 5 6 1 0 6 7 1 0 7 8 1 0 8 9 1 0 9 10 1 0 10 11 1 0 11 12 1 0 12 13 1 0 13 14 1 6 14 15 1 0 15 16 1 0 16 17 1 0 17 18 1 0 18 19 1 6 18 20 1 0 20 21 1 0 18 22 1 0 22 23 1 0 23 24 1 0 24 25 1 0 25 26 1 0 26 27 1 1 26 28 1 0 25 29 1 0 29 30 1 0 30 31 2 0 31 32 1 0 32 33 1 0 33 34 1 0 29 35 1 6 16 36 1 0 36 37 2 0 36 38 1 0 38 39 1 0 8 40 1 6 40 41 2 0 40 42 1 0 42 43 1 0 7 44 1 0 44 45 1 0 45 46 2 0 45 47 1 0 13 5 1 0 26 22 1 0 33 29 1 0 12 8 1 0 17 13 1 0 22 28 1 1 20 11 1 0 34 23 1 0 1 48 1 0 1 49 1 0 1 50 1 0 5 51 1 6 6 52 1 0 6 53 1 0 7 54 1 6 9 55 1 0 9 56 1 0 11 57 1 6 12 58 1 1 14 59 1 0 14 60 1 0 16 61 1 6 17 62 1 1 19 63 1 0 19 64 1 0 19 65 1 0 20 66 1 1 21 67 1 0 23 68 1 6 24 69 1 0 24 70 1 0 25 71 1 1 27 72 1 0 27 73 1 0 27 74 1 0 30 75 1 0 31 76 1 0 33 77 1 6 35 78 1 0 39 79 1 0 39 80 1 0 39 81 1 0 43 82 1 0 43 83 1 0 43 84 1 0 47 85 1 0 47 86 1 0 47 87 1 0 M END

Standard InCHIKey	WCKRCDIVSWWTJC-NRRASYIRSA-N
Standard InCHI	InChI=1S/C32H40O15/c1-13(33)44-16-10-17(45-14(2)34)30(25(37)40-6)12-42-19-22(30)29(16)11-43-20(24(36)39-5)21(29)27(3,23(19)35)32-18-9-15(28(32,4)47-32)31(38)7-8-41-26(31)46-18/h7-8,15-23,26,35,38H,9-12H2,1-6H3/t15-,16+,17-,18+,19-,20+,21+,22-,23-,26+,27+,28+,29-,30+,31+,32+/m1/s1
SMILES	CC(=O)O[C@H]1C[C@H]([C@]2(CO[C@@H]3[C@@H]2[C@@]21CO[C@@H]([C@H]2[C@@](C)([C@@H]3O)[C@@]12[C@@H]3C[C@H]([C@]1(C)O2)[C@]1(C=CO[C@H]1O3)O)C(=O)OC)C(=O)OC)OC(=O)C

Calculated Properties

Physi-Chem Properties

Molecular Weight:	664.24	Volume:	612.247 ? Van der Waals volume.
Dense:	1.085	LogP:	0.887 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficients.
logD7.4:	1.244 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficient at pH=7.4.	LogS:	-2.893 ? The logarithm of aqueous solubility value.
Rotatable Bonds:	9.0	Rigid Bonds:	37.0
TPSA:	195.11 ? Topological Polar Surface Area.	H-Bond Acceptor:	15.0
H-Bond Donor:	2.0	Rings:	8.0
Heavy Atoms:	15.0

MedChem Properties

QED Drug-Likeness Score:	0.217	GASA:	1.0 ? GASA represents the probability of being difficult to synthesize, ranging from 0 to 1.
Synthetic Accessibility Score:	7.425	Fsp³:	0.812
MCE-18:	206.621 ? MCE-18 stands for medicinal chemistry evolution.MCE-18≥45 is considered a suitable value.	Lipinski Rule-of-5:	Accepted
Pfizer Rule:	Rejected	GSK Rule:	Accepted
Golden Triangle Rule:	Accepted	BMS Rule:	0
Chelating Alert:	0	PAINS Alert:	0
Colloidal aggregators:	0.528	Fluc inhibitor:	0.0 ? The fluc inhibitor value is the probability of being fLuc inhibitors, within the range of 0 to 1.
Blue fluorescence:	0.009 ? The blue fluorescence value is the probability of being blue fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1	Green fluorescence:	0.0 ? The green fluorescence value is the probability of being green fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1
Reactive compounds:	0.111	Promiscuous compounds:	0.819

ADMET Properties (ADMETlab3.0)

ADMET: Absorption

Caco-2 Permeability:	-5.716	MDCK Permeability:	-5.134
Pgp-inhibitor:	0.001	Pgp-substrate:	0.922
PAMPA:	0.983 ? The experimental data for Peff was logarithmically transformed (logPeff). Molecules with log Peff values below 2.0 were classified as low-permeability (Category 0), while those with log Peff values exceeding 2.5 were classified as high-permeability (Category 1).	Human Intestinal Absorption (HIA):	0.001
20% Bioavailability (F20%):	0.29	30% Bioavailability (F30%):	0.646
50% Bioavailability (F50%):	0.993

ADMET: Distribution

Blood-Brain-Barrier Penetration (BBB):	0.006	MRP1:	0.995
Plasma Protein Binding (PPB):	19.17%	Volume Distribution (VD):	-0.338
Fu:	77.44% ? The fraction unbound in plasms.	OATP1B1 inhibitor:	0.957
OATP1B3 inhibitor:	0.883	BCRP inhibitor:	0.004
BSEP inhibitor:	0.621

ADMET: Metabolism

CYP1A2-inhibitor:	0.001	CYP1A2-substrate:	0.0
CYP2C19-inhibitor:	0.109	CYP2C19-substrate:	0.0
CYP2C9-inhibitor:	0.0	CYP2C9-substrate:	0.001
CYP2D6-inhibitor:	0.0	CYP2D6-substrate:	0.008
CYP3A4-inhibitor:	0.044	CYP3A4-substrate:	0.0
CYP2B6-substrate:	0.0	CYP2C8-inhibitor:	0.986
HLM stability:	0.64 ? Human liver microsomal (HLM) stability. Category 0: stable+ (HLM > 30 min); Category 1: unstable- (HLM ≤ 30 min). The output value is the probability of human liver microsomal instability, where a value closer to 1 indicates a higher likelihood of instability.

ADMET: Excretion

Clearance (CL):

3.908

Half-life (T1/2):

1.968

ADMET: Toxicity

hERG Blockers:	0.008	hERG Blockers (10um):	0.12
Human Hepatotoxicity (H-HT):	0.597	Drug-induced Liver Injury (DILI):	0.958
AMES Toxicity:	0.987	Rat Oral Acute Toxicity:	0.942
Maximum Recommended Daily Dose:	0.867	Skin Sensitization:	1.0
Carcinogencity:	0.467	Eye Corrosion:	0.001
Eye Irritation:	0.429	Respiratory Toxicity:	0.87
Drug-induced Neurotoxicity:	0.737	Ototoxicity:	0.799
Hematotoxicity:	0.839	Drug-induced Nephrotoxicity:	0.994
Genotoxicity:	0.999	RPMI-8226 Immunitoxicity:	0.486
A549 Cytotoxicity:	0.416	Hek293 Cytotoxicity:	0.062
BCF:	0.476 ? Bioconcentration factors are used for considering secondary poisoning potential and assessing risks to human health via the food chain. The unit is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	IGC50:	3.47 ? 48 hour Tetrahymena pyriformis IGC50. The unit of IGC50 is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].
LC50DM:	5.518 ? 48 hour Daphnia magna LC50. The unit of LC50DM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	LC50FM:	4.536 ? 96 hour fathead minnow LC50. The unit of LC50FM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].

Species Source

Organism ID	Organism Name	Taxonomy Level	Family	SuperKingdom	Isolation Part	Collection Location	Collection Time	Reference
NPO1837	Azadirachta excelsa	Species	Meliaceae	Eukaryota	seed kernels	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[16038546]
NPO1837	Azadirachta excelsa	Species	Meliaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO1837	Azadirachta excelsa	Species	Meliaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP source organism data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated them from below databases:
☉ UNPD: Universal Natural Products Database [PMID: 23638153].
☉ StreptomeDB: a database of streptomycetes natural products [PMID: 33051671].
☉ TM-MC: a database of medicinal materials and chemical compounds in Northeast Asian traditional medicine [PMID: 26156871].
☉ TCM@Taiwan: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 21253603].
☉ TCMID: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 29106634].
☉ TCMSP: The traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform [PMID: 24735618].
☉ HerDing: a herb recommendation system to treat diseases using genes and chemicals [PMID: 26980517].
☉ MetaboLights: a metabolomics database [PMID: 27010336].
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

NP Quantity Composition/Concentration

Organism ID	Organism Name	Organism Material Preparation	Organism Part	NP Quantity (Standard)	NP Quantity (Minimum)	NP Quantity (Maximum)	Quantity Unit	Reference

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP quantitative records for specific NP domains (e.g., NPS from foods or herbs) from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ DUKE: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases.
☉ PHENOL EXPLORER: is the first comprehensive database on polyphenol content in foods [PMID: 24103452], its homepage can be accessed at here.
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

Biological Activity

Molecular-level activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

In vitro activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

In vivo activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

Experimental ADME

Experiment Model	Experiment Tissue	ADME Type	ADME Relation	ADME Value	ADME Unit	Reference

Experimental Toxicity

Quantitative toxicity

Experiment Model	Experiment Organism	Toxicity Type	Toxicity Relation	Toxicity Value	Toxicity Unit	Reference
-	Plutella xylostella	LD50	=	1.1	mg.kg-1	DrugMatrix in vivo data: Pathology
-	Plutella xylostella	LD50	=	1.4	mg.kg-1	PMID[24697496]
-	Plutella xylostella	LD50	=	1.89	mg.kg-1	DrugMatrix in vivo data: Pathology
-	Plutella xylostella	LD50	=	5.95	mg.kg-1	DrugMatrix in vivo data: Pathology

Common Abbreviations:
LC: Lethal Concentration; LD: Lethal Dose; LT:Lethal Time; NOAEL: No-observed-adverse-effect Level; BMDL: Benchmark Dose Lower Confidence Limit; BMD: Benchmark Dose; BMC:Benchmark Concentration; LOAEL: Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level; RfD:Reference Dose; RfC:Reference Concentration; MRL: Minimal Risk Level; MEG: Maximum Exposure Guideline; PAC: Protective Action Criteria

Categorical toxicity labels

Hepatotoxicity	Carcinogenicity	Mutagenicity	Cardiotoxicity	Respiratory Toxicity	Eye Irritation	Endocrine Disruption

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP toxicity records from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ ToxValDB: a curated database that compiles quantitative toxicity values for chemicals from diverse public sources to support toxicological research and risk assessment.
☉ TOXRIC: a comprehensive, free-to-access, online database providing toxicological/feature data. The toxicity labels are retrieved from this database. [PMID: 36400569]

Chemically structural similarity

Similar Active Natural Products in NPASS

Top-200 similar NPs were calculated against the active-NP-set (includes approximately 50,000 NPs with experimentally-derived bioactivity available in NPASS)

Similarity is measured using the Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) , which compares the binary fingerprints of two molecules. Tc is calculated as the intersection divided by the union of '1' bits in the fingerprints, ranging from 0 to 1, with 1 indicating highest similarity.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC256618 and all remaining natural products in the NPASS database.
● The right table: Most similar natural products (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	22030
0.1-0.2	27044
0.2-0.3	764
0.3-0.4	1
0.4-0.5	3
0.5-0.6	0
0.6-0.7	7
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	0
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	2
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Natural Product ID
0.939	High Similarity	NPC219058
0.9167	High Similarity	NPC48813
0.7391	Intermediate Similarity	NPC42206
0.7312	Intermediate Similarity	NPC48414
0.7263	Intermediate Similarity	NPC16729
0.7263	Intermediate Similarity	NPC475462
0.7263	Intermediate Similarity	NPC120958
0.7234	Intermediate Similarity	NPC5153
0.7097	Intermediate Similarity	NPC194854
0.6818	Remote Similarity	NPC475376
0.6238	Remote Similarity	NPC471172
0.6186	Remote Similarity	NPC470115
0.6186	Remote Similarity	NPC470116
0.6	Remote Similarity	NPC601017
0.6	Remote Similarity	NPC601069
0.6	Remote Similarity	NPC608590

Similar Clinical/Approved Drugs

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC256618 and all drugs/candidates.
● The right table: Most similar clinical/approved drugs (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	7394
0.1-0.2	1752
0.2-0.3	4
0.3-0.4	0
0.4-0.5	0
0.5-0.6	0
0.6-0.7	0
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	0
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Drug ID	Developmental Stage
		NPD

Bioactivity similarity

Similar Natural Products in NPASS

Similarity level is defined by Bioactivity similarity was calculated based on bioactivity descriptors of compounds. The bioactivity descriptors were calculated by a recently developed AI algorithm Chemical Checker (CC) [Nature Biotechnology, 38:1087–1096, 2020; Nature Communications, 12:3932, 2021], which evaluated bioactivity similarities at five levels:
☉ A: chemistry similarity;
☉ B: biological targets similarity;
☉ C: networks similarity;
☉ D: cell-based bioactivity similarity;
☉ E: similarity based on clinical data.
Those 5 categories of CC bioactivity descriptors were calculated and then subjected to manifold projection using UMAP algorithm, to project all NPs on a 2-Dimensional space. The current NP was highlighted with a small circle in the 2-D map. Below figures: left-to-right, A-to-E.

A: chemistry similarity

B: biological targets similarity

C: networks similarity

D: cell-based bioactivity similarity

E: similarity based on clinical data