Structure

Physi-Chem Properties

Molecular Weight:  136.1
Volume:  152.452
LogP:  1.336
LogD:  1.472
LogS:  -0.926
# Rotatable Bonds:  0
TPSA:  25.78
# H-Bond Aceptor:  2
# H-Bond Donor:  0
# Rings:  1
# Heavy Atoms:  2

MedChem Properties

QED Drug-Likeness Score:  0.542
Synthetic Accessibility Score:  1.967
Fsp3:  0.5
Lipinski Rule-of-5:  Accepted
Pfizer Rule:  Accepted
GSK Rule:  Accepted
BMS Rule:  0
Golden Triangle Rule:  Rejected
Chelating Alert:  0
PAINS Alert:  0

ADMET Properties (ADMETlab2.0)

ADMET: Absorption

Caco-2 Permeability:  -4.845
MDCK Permeability:  2.423698424536269e-05
Pgp-inhibitor:  0.0
Pgp-substrate:  0.007
Human Intestinal Absorption (HIA):  0.011
20% Bioavailability (F20%):  0.005
30% Bioavailability (F30%):  0.007

ADMET: Distribution

Blood-Brain-Barrier Penetration (BBB):  0.975
Plasma Protein Binding (PPB):  60.36116027832031%
Volume Distribution (VD):  1.392
Pgp-substrate:  47.093448638916016%

ADMET: Metabolism

CYP1A2-inhibitor:  0.386
CYP1A2-substrate:  0.905
CYP2C19-inhibitor:  0.018
CYP2C19-substrate:  0.497
CYP2C9-inhibitor:  0.001
CYP2C9-substrate:  0.087
CYP2D6-inhibitor:  0.151
CYP2D6-substrate:  0.846
CYP3A4-inhibitor:  0.013
CYP3A4-substrate:  0.558

ADMET: Excretion

Clearance (CL):  6.038
Half-life (T1/2):  0.266

ADMET: Toxicity

hERG Blockers:  0.014
Human Hepatotoxicity (H-HT):  0.203
Drug-inuced Liver Injury (DILI):  0.244
AMES Toxicity:  0.126
Rat Oral Acute Toxicity:  0.436
Maximum Recommended Daily Dose:  0.015
Skin Sensitization:  0.296
Carcinogencity:  0.883
Eye Corrosion:  0.928
Eye Irritation:  0.991
Respiratory Toxicity:  0.56

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General Info & Identifiers & Properties  
Structure MOL file  
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Biological Activities  
Similar NPs/Drugs  

  Natural Product: NPC229

Natural Product ID:  NPC229
Common Name*:   Ligustrazine Hydrochloride
IUPAC Name:   2,3,5,6-tetramethylpyrazine;hydrochloride
Synonyms:   Ligustrazine HCl
Standard InCHIKey:  RQKFOGXUTRDQPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Standard InCHI:  InChI=1S/C8H12N2.ClH/c1-5-6(2)10-8(4)7(3)9-5;/h1-4H3;1H
SMILES:  Cc1c(C)nc(C)c(C)n1.Cl
Synthetic Gene Cluster:   n.a.
ChEMBL Identifier:   CHEMBL1939729
PubChem CID:   156709
45108167
Chemical Classification**:  
  • CHEMONTID:0000000 [Organic compounds]
    • [CHEMONTID:0000002] Organoheterocyclic compounds
      • [CHEMONTID:0001346] Diazines
        • [CHEMONTID:0000067] Pyrazines

*Note: the InCHIKey will be temporarily assigned as the "Common Name" if no IUPAC name or alternative short name is available.
**Note: the Chemical Classification was calculated by NPClassifier Version 1.5. Reference: PMID:34662515.

  Species Source

Organism ID Organism Name Taxonomy Level Family SuperKingdom Isolation Part Collection Location Collection Time Reference
NPO24124 Curcuma longa Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[12350137]
NPO24124 Curcuma longa Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota rhizome n.a. n.a. PMID[12617587]
NPO6583 Clematis chinensis Species Ranunculaceae Eukaryota roots n.a. n.a. PMID[15387651]
NPO18176 Ephedra sinica Species Ephedraceae Eukaryota n.a. root n.a. PMID[18975262]
NPO6583 Clematis chinensis Species Ranunculaceae Eukaryota roots and rhizomes Shaoguan, Guangdong Province, China 2007-Dec PMID[20540535]
NPO24124 Curcuma longa Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota Rhizomes n.a. n.a. PMID[23153397]
NPO24124 Curcuma longa Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota n.a. leaf n.a. PMID[23901173]
NPO18176 Ephedra sinica Species Ephedraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[24333010]
NPO24124 Curcuma longa Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[28068085]
NPO25209 Curcuma aromatica Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota Radix n.a. n.a. PMID[29236488]
NPO24124 Curcuma longa Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[9584408]
NPO24124 Curcuma longa Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota Essential Oil n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO24124 Curcuma longa Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota Leaf n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO24124 Curcuma longa Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota Rhizome n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO24124 Curcuma longa Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota Rhizome Essent. Oil n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO24124 Curcuma longa Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota Root n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO24124 Curcuma longa Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO24124 Curcuma longa Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO25209 Curcuma aromatica Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO27018 Cynomorium songaricum Species Cynomoriaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO24124 Curcuma longa Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO31073 Ligusticum chuanxiong Species Apiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO28019 Oleum curcumae n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO18176 Ephedra sinica Species Ephedraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO6583 Clematis chinensis Species Ranunculaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO24124 Curcuma longa Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. Database[Phenol-Explorer]
NPO18176 Ephedra sinica Species Ephedraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO27018 Cynomorium songaricum Species Cynomoriaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO28019 Oleum curcumae n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO6583 Clematis chinensis Species Ranunculaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO24124 Curcuma longa Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO25209 Curcuma aromatica Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO18176 Ephedra sinica Species Ephedraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO27018 Cynomorium songaricum Species Cynomoriaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO6583 Clematis chinensis Species Ranunculaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO25209 Curcuma aromatica Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO31073 Ligusticum chuanxiong Species Apiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO24124 Curcuma longa Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO27018 Cynomorium songaricum Species Cynomoriaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TM-MC]
NPO18176 Ephedra sinica Species Ephedraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TM-MC]
NPO24124 Curcuma longa Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TM-MC]
NPO6583 Clematis chinensis Species Ranunculaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TM-MC]
NPO18176 Ephedra sinica Species Ephedraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO24124 Curcuma longa Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO25209 Curcuma aromatica Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO6583 Clematis chinensis Species Ranunculaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]

☑ Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP source organism data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated them from below databases:
☉ UNPD: Universal Natural Products Database [PMID: 23638153].
☉ StreptomeDB: a database of streptomycetes natural products [PMID: 33051671].
☉ TM-MC: a database of medicinal materials and chemical compounds in Northeast Asian traditional medicine [PMID: 26156871].
☉ TCM@Taiwan: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 21253603].
☉ TCMID: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 29106634].
☉ TCMSP: The traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform [PMID: 24735618].
☉ HerDing: a herb recommendation system to treat diseases using genes and chemicals [PMID: 26980517].
☉ MetaboLights: a metabolomics database [PMID: 27010336].
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

  NP Quantity Composition/Concentration

Organism ID NP ID Organism Material Preparation Organism Part NP Quantity (Standard) NP Quantity (Minimum) NP Quantity (Maximum) Quantity Unit Reference

☑ Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP quantitative records for specific NP domains (e.g., NPS from foods or herbs) from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ DUKE: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases.
☉ PHENOL EXPLORER: is the first comprehensive database on polyphenol content in foods [PMID: 24103452], its homepage can be accessed at here.
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

  Biological Activity

Target ID Target Type Target Name Target Organism Activity Type Activity Relation Value Unit Reference
NPT108 Individual Protein Estrogen receptor alpha Homo sapiens Activity = 40.68 % PMID[531534]
NPT108 Individual Protein Estrogen receptor alpha Homo sapiens Activity = 39.18 % PMID[531534]
NPT20555 ORGANISM SARS-CoV-2 Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Hit score = 0.08486 n.a. PMID[531535]

☑ Note for Activity Records:
☉ The quantitative biological activities were primarily integrated from ChEMBL (Version-30) database and were also directly collected from PubMed literature. PubMed PMID was provided as the reference link for each activity record.

  Chemically structural similarity: I. Similar Active Natural Products in NPASS

Top-200 similar NPs were calculated against the active-NP-set (includes 4,3285 NPs with experimentally-derived bioactivity available in NPASS)

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules. Tc lies between [0, 1] where '1' indicates the highest similarity. What is Tanimoto coefficient

●  The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC229 and all remaining natural products in the NPASS database.
●  The right table: Most similar natural products (Tc>=0.56 or Top200).

Similarity Score Similarity Level Natural Product ID
1.0 High Similarity NPC284039
0.7714 Intermediate Similarity NPC270637
0.7571 Intermediate Similarity NPC204104
0.7324 Intermediate Similarity NPC100312
0.679 Remote Similarity NPC277608
0.679 Remote Similarity NPC262236
0.675 Remote Similarity NPC76536

  Chemically structural similarity: II. Similar Clinical/Approved Drugs

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules.

●  The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC229 and all drugs/candidates.
●  The right table: Most similar clinical/approved drugs (Tc>=0.56 or Top200).

Similarity Score Similarity Level Drug ID Developmental Stage
1.0 High Similarity NPD9394 Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.5934 Remote Similarity NPD9472 Phase 3
0.5862 Remote Similarity NPD8835 Approved
0.5604 Remote Similarity NPD9101 Discontinued

  Bioactivity similarity: Similar Natural Products in NPASS

Bioactivity similarity was calculated based on bioactivity descriptors of compounds. The bioactivity descriptors were calculated by a recently developed AI algorithm Chemical Checker (CC) [Nature Biotechnology, 38:1087–1096, 2020; Nature Communications, 12:3932, 2021], which evaluated bioactivity similarities at five levels:
☉ A: chemistry similarity;
☉ B: biological targets similarity;
☉ C: networks similarity;
☉ D: cell-based bioactivity similarity;
☉ E: similarity based on clinical data.

Those 5 categories of CC bioactivity descriptors were calculated and then subjected to manifold projection using UMAP algorithm, to project all NPs on a 2-Dimensional space. The current NP was highlighted with a small circle in the 2-D map. Below figures: left-to-right, A-to-E.

A: chemistry similarity
B: biological targets similarity
C: networks similarity
D: cell-based bioactivity similarity
E: similarity based on clinical data