NPASS Compound

Natural Product: NPC22523

Natural Product ID	NPC22523
Common Name ? The InCHIKey will be temporarily assigned as the "Common Name" if no IUPAC name or alternative short name is available.	OWKHJRBCPBBUGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
IUPAC Name	n.a.
Synonyms
Synthetic Gene Cluster	n.a.
ChEMBL Identifier	n.a.
PubChem CID	12548
Chemical Classification	CHEMONTID:0000000 [Organic compounds] [CHEMONTID:0002448] Benzenoids [CHEMONTID:0000018] Anthracenes [CHEMONTID:0000151] Anthraquinones [CHEMONTID:0001598] Hydroxyanthraquinones

The Chemical Classification was calculated by Classyfire, a software for chemical taxonomy calculation. Reference: DOI:10.1186/s13321-016-0174-y.

Chemical Representations

RDKit 3D 31 33 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000 -4.8927 0.9128 -0.6305 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.5081 0.4054 -0.4437 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.3932 1.1887 -0.4451 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.1275 0.6184 -0.2608 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.9967 -0.7324 -0.0774 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.1129 -1.5379 -0.0733 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.3460 -0.9512 -0.2568 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.9754 -2.9067 0.1130 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.3245 -1.3033 0.1119 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.4159 -2.5551 0.2792 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.5210 -0.4731 0.1118 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.3664 0.8869 -0.0750 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.4850 1.7100 -0.0810 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.7390 1.1385 0.1023 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.9027 -0.2241 0.2902 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.7654 -1.0167 0.2907 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.9319 -2.3682 0.4774 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.1674 -0.7886 0.4736 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.8710 1.9318 0.1012 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0478 1.4728 -0.2659 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.0911 2.7348 -0.4388 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.9982 1.9747 -0.3272 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.2226 0.7361 -1.6797 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.5477 0.3043 0.0269 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.4949 2.2372 -0.5875 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.2106 -1.6243 -0.2474 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.0702 -3.2977 1.0450 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.3435 2.7721 -0.2287 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.6600 -3.0672 -0.2146 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.6370 -1.1078 -0.3827 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.8091 2.9297 -0.0303 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 0 2 3 2 0 3 4 1 0 4 5 2 0 5 6 1 0 6 7 2 0 6 8 1 0 5 9 1 0 9 10 2 0 9 11 1 0 11 12 2 0 12 13 1 0 13 14 2 0 14 15 1 0 15 16 2 0 16 17 1 0 15 18 1 0 14 19 1 0 12 20 1 0 20 21 2 0 7 2 1 0 16 11 1 0 20 4 1 0 1 22 1 0 1 23 1 0 1 24 1 0 3 25 1 0 7 26 1 0 8 27 1 0 13 28 1 0 17 29 1 0 18 30 1 0 19 31 1 0 M END

Standard InCHIKey	OWKHJRBCPBBUGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Standard InCHI	InChI=1S/C15H10O6/c1-5-2-6-10(8(16)3-5)14(20)11-7(12(6)18)4-9(17)13(19)15(11)21/h2-4,16-17,19,21H,1H3
SMILES	Cc1cc2c(c(c1)O)C(=O)c1c(cc(c(c1O)O)O)C2=O

Calculated Properties

Physi-Chem Properties

Molecular Weight:	286.05	Volume:	273.977 ? Van der Waals volume.
Dense:	1.044	LogP:	3.047 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficients.
logD7.4:	2.468 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficient at pH=7.4.	LogS:	-5.53 ? The logarithm of aqueous solubility value.
Rotatable Bonds:	0.0	Rigid Bonds:	18.0
TPSA:	115.06 ? Topological Polar Surface Area.	H-Bond Acceptor:	6.0
H-Bond Donor:	4.0	Rings:	3.0
Heavy Atoms:	6.0

MedChem Properties

QED Drug-Likeness Score:	0.466	GASA:	0.0 ? GASA represents the probability of being difficult to synthesize, ranging from 0 to 1.
Synthetic Accessibility Score:	2.54	Fsp³:	0.067
MCE-18:	40.0 ? MCE-18 stands for medicinal chemistry evolution.MCE-18≥45 is considered a suitable value.	Lipinski Rule-of-5:	Rejected
Pfizer Rule:	Rejected	GSK Rule:	Rejected
Golden Triangle Rule:	Rejected	BMS Rule:	0
Chelating Alert:	1	PAINS Alert:	1
Colloidal aggregators:	0.722	Fluc inhibitor:	0.199 ? The fluc inhibitor value is the probability of being fLuc inhibitors, within the range of 0 to 1.
Blue fluorescence:	0.158 ? The blue fluorescence value is the probability of being blue fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1	Green fluorescence:	0.305 ? The green fluorescence value is the probability of being green fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1
Reactive compounds:	0.629	Promiscuous compounds:	0.256

ADMET Properties (ADMETlab3.0)

ADMET: Absorption

Caco-2 Permeability:	-5.252	MDCK Permeability:	-4.794
Pgp-inhibitor:	0.009	Pgp-substrate:	0.018
PAMPA:	0.99 ? The experimental data for Peff was logarithmically transformed (logPeff). Molecules with log Peff values below 2.0 were classified as low-permeability (Category 0), while those with log Peff values exceeding 2.5 were classified as high-permeability (Category 1).	Human Intestinal Absorption (HIA):	0.062
20% Bioavailability (F20%):	0.186	30% Bioavailability (F30%):	0.736
50% Bioavailability (F50%):	0.976

ADMET: Distribution

Blood-Brain-Barrier Penetration (BBB):	0.001	MRP1:	0.959
Plasma Protein Binding (PPB):	96.678%	Volume Distribution (VD):	-0.218
Fu:	3.063% ? The fraction unbound in plasms.	OATP1B1 inhibitor:	0.969
OATP1B3 inhibitor:	0.984	BCRP inhibitor:	0.15
BSEP inhibitor:	0.024

ADMET: Metabolism

CYP1A2-inhibitor:	0.804	CYP1A2-substrate:	0.09
CYP2C19-inhibitor:	0.001	CYP2C19-substrate:	0.611
CYP2C9-inhibitor:	0.003	CYP2C9-substrate:	0.156
CYP2D6-inhibitor:	0.091	CYP2D6-substrate:	0.599
CYP3A4-inhibitor:	0.0	CYP3A4-substrate:	0.593
CYP2B6-substrate:	0.0	CYP2C8-inhibitor:	0.999
HLM stability:	0.862 ? Human liver microsomal (HLM) stability. Category 0: stable+ (HLM > 30 min); Category 1: unstable- (HLM ≤ 30 min). The output value is the probability of human liver microsomal instability, where a value closer to 1 indicates a higher likelihood of instability.

ADMET: Excretion

Clearance (CL):

8.838

Half-life (T1/2):

1.302

ADMET: Toxicity

hERG Blockers:	0.043	hERG Blockers (10um):	0.671
Human Hepatotoxicity (H-HT):	0.571	Drug-induced Liver Injury (DILI):	0.905
AMES Toxicity:	0.906	Rat Oral Acute Toxicity:	0.438
Maximum Recommended Daily Dose:	0.445	Skin Sensitization:	0.997
Carcinogencity:	0.71	Eye Corrosion:	0.002
Eye Irritation:	0.988	Respiratory Toxicity:	0.713
Drug-induced Neurotoxicity:	0.046	Ototoxicity:	0.643
Hematotoxicity:	0.492	Drug-induced Nephrotoxicity:	0.219
Genotoxicity:	0.962	RPMI-8226 Immunitoxicity:	0.079
A549 Cytotoxicity:	0.974	Hek293 Cytotoxicity:	0.339
BCF:	1.317 ? Bioconcentration factors are used for considering secondary poisoning potential and assessing risks to human health via the food chain. The unit is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	IGC50:	3.774 ? 48 hour Tetrahymena pyriformis IGC50. The unit of IGC50 is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].
LC50DM:	4.769 ? 48 hour Daphnia magna LC50. The unit of LC50DM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	LC50FM:	4.245 ? 96 hour fathead minnow LC50. The unit of LC50FM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].

Species Source

Organism ID	Organism Name	Taxonomy Level	Family	SuperKingdom	Isolation Part	Collection Location	Collection Time	Reference
NPO8921	Senna obtusifolia	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	Seeds	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[2213033]
NPO7672	Senna tora	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO8921	Senna obtusifolia	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO7672	Senna tora	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO8921	Senna obtusifolia	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO7672	Senna tora	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TM-MC]
NPO8921	Senna obtusifolia	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TM-MC]
NPO9243	Senecio bonariensis	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO16050	Rhodiola viridula	Species	Crassulaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO1312	Pseudococcus albizziae	Species	Pseudococcidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO7064	Endoconidiophora coerulescens	Species	Ceratocystidaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO5880	Helichrysum plicatum	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO10152	Artemisia parviflora	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO7672	Senna tora	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO8921	Senna obtusifolia	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP source organism data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated them from below databases:
☉ UNPD: Universal Natural Products Database [PMID: 23638153].
☉ StreptomeDB: a database of streptomycetes natural products [PMID: 33051671].
☉ TM-MC: a database of medicinal materials and chemical compounds in Northeast Asian traditional medicine [PMID: 26156871].
☉ TCM@Taiwan: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 21253603].
☉ TCMID: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 29106634].
☉ TCMSP: The traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform [PMID: 24735618].
☉ HerDing: a herb recommendation system to treat diseases using genes and chemicals [PMID: 26980517].
☉ MetaboLights: a metabolomics database [PMID: 27010336].
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

NP Quantity Composition/Concentration

Organism ID	Organism Name	Organism Material Preparation	Organism Part	NP Quantity (Standard)	NP Quantity (Minimum)	NP Quantity (Maximum)	Quantity Unit	Reference

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP quantitative records for specific NP domains (e.g., NPS from foods or herbs) from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ DUKE: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases.
☉ PHENOL EXPLORER: is the first comprehensive database on polyphenol content in foods [PMID: 24103452], its homepage can be accessed at here.
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

Biological Activity

Molecular-level activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

In vitro activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

In vivo activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

Experimental ADME

Experiment Model	Experiment Tissue	ADME Type	ADME Relation	ADME Value	ADME Unit	Reference

Experimental Toxicity

Quantitative toxicity

Experiment Model	Experiment Organism	Toxicity Type	Toxicity Relation	Toxicity Value	Toxicity Unit	Reference

Common Abbreviations:
LC: Lethal Concentration; LD: Lethal Dose; LT:Lethal Time; NOAEL: No-observed-adverse-effect Level; BMDL: Benchmark Dose Lower Confidence Limit; BMD: Benchmark Dose; BMC:Benchmark Concentration; LOAEL: Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level; RfD:Reference Dose; RfC:Reference Concentration; MRL: Minimal Risk Level; MEG: Maximum Exposure Guideline; PAC: Protective Action Criteria

Categorical toxicity labels

Hepatotoxicity	Carcinogenicity	Mutagenicity	Cardiotoxicity	Respiratory Toxicity	Eye Irritation	Endocrine Disruption

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP toxicity records from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ ToxValDB: a curated database that compiles quantitative toxicity values for chemicals from diverse public sources to support toxicological research and risk assessment.
☉ TOXRIC: a comprehensive, free-to-access, online database providing toxicological/feature data. The toxicity labels are retrieved from this database. [PMID: 36400569]

Chemically structural similarity

Similar Active Natural Products in NPASS

Top-200 similar NPs were calculated against the active-NP-set (includes approximately 50,000 NPs with experimentally-derived bioactivity available in NPASS)

Similarity is measured using the Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) , which compares the binary fingerprints of two molecules. Tc is calculated as the intersection divided by the union of '1' bits in the fingerprints, ranging from 0 to 1, with 1 indicating highest similarity.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC22523 and all remaining natural products in the NPASS database.
● The right table: Most similar natural products (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	30500
0.1-0.2	17734
0.2-0.3	1439
0.3-0.4	138
0.4-0.5	34
0.5-0.6	9
0.6-0.7	4
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	0
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Natural Product ID
0.6829	Remote Similarity	NPC61398
0.65	Remote Similarity	NPC254847
0.6	Remote Similarity	NPC203063
0.6	Remote Similarity	NPC608942
0.5957	Remote Similarity	NPC98224
0.5952	Remote Similarity	NPC282923
0.5556	Remote Similarity	NPC312929
0.5435	Remote Similarity	NPC280295
0.5417	Remote Similarity	NPC471907
0.54	Remote Similarity	NPC601396
0.5319	Remote Similarity	NPC603651
0.5217	Remote Similarity	NPC37709
0.5217	Remote Similarity	NPC600754

Similar Clinical/Approved Drugs

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC22523 and all drugs/candidates.
● The right table: Most similar clinical/approved drugs (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	5755
0.1-0.2	3328
0.2-0.3	63
0.3-0.4	3
0.4-0.5	0
0.5-0.6	0
0.6-0.7	1
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	0
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Drug ID	Developmental Stage
0.65	Remote Similarity	NPD1509	Clinical (unspecified phase)

Bioactivity similarity

Similar Natural Products in NPASS

Similarity level is defined by Bioactivity similarity was calculated based on bioactivity descriptors of compounds. The bioactivity descriptors were calculated by a recently developed AI algorithm Chemical Checker (CC) [Nature Biotechnology, 38:1087–1096, 2020; Nature Communications, 12:3932, 2021], which evaluated bioactivity similarities at five levels:
☉ A: chemistry similarity;
☉ B: biological targets similarity;
☉ C: networks similarity;
☉ D: cell-based bioactivity similarity;
☉ E: similarity based on clinical data.
Those 5 categories of CC bioactivity descriptors were calculated and then subjected to manifold projection using UMAP algorithm, to project all NPs on a 2-Dimensional space. The current NP was highlighted with a small circle in the 2-D map. Below figures: left-to-right, A-to-E.

A: chemistry similarity

B: biological targets similarity

C: networks similarity

D: cell-based bioactivity similarity

E: similarity based on clinical data