Structure

Physi-Chem Properties

Molecular Weight:  268.24
Volume:  314.896
LogP:  6.897
LogD:  3.385
LogS:  -5.084
# Rotatable Bonds:  14
TPSA:  37.3
# H-Bond Aceptor:  2
# H-Bond Donor:  1
# Rings:  0
# Heavy Atoms:  2

MedChem Properties

QED Drug-Likeness Score:  0.323
Synthetic Accessibility Score:  2.138
Fsp3:  0.824
Lipinski Rule-of-5:  Accepted
Pfizer Rule:  Rejected
GSK Rule:  Rejected
BMS Rule:  1
Golden Triangle Rule:  Accepted
Chelating Alert:  0
PAINS Alert:  0

ADMET Properties (ADMETlab2.0)

ADMET: Absorption

Caco-2 Permeability:  -4.833
MDCK Permeability:  2.3516939108958468e-05
Pgp-inhibitor:  0.0
Pgp-substrate:  0.0
Human Intestinal Absorption (HIA):  0.009
20% Bioavailability (F20%):  0.062
30% Bioavailability (F30%):  0.613

ADMET: Distribution

Blood-Brain-Barrier Penetration (BBB):  0.178
Plasma Protein Binding (PPB):  98.65425109863281%
Volume Distribution (VD):  0.539
Pgp-substrate:  1.2341649532318115%

ADMET: Metabolism

CYP1A2-inhibitor:  0.302
CYP1A2-substrate:  0.173
CYP2C19-inhibitor:  0.174
CYP2C19-substrate:  0.068
CYP2C9-inhibitor:  0.298
CYP2C9-substrate:  0.987
CYP2D6-inhibitor:  0.004
CYP2D6-substrate:  0.057
CYP3A4-inhibitor:  0.044
CYP3A4-substrate:  0.018

ADMET: Excretion

Clearance (CL):  2.829
Half-life (T1/2):  0.562

ADMET: Toxicity

hERG Blockers:  0.024
Human Hepatotoxicity (H-HT):  0.015
Drug-inuced Liver Injury (DILI):  0.022
AMES Toxicity:  0.005
Rat Oral Acute Toxicity:  0.014
Maximum Recommended Daily Dose:  0.019
Skin Sensitization:  0.945
Carcinogencity:  0.112
Eye Corrosion:  0.991
Eye Irritation:  0.987
Respiratory Toxicity:  0.67

Download Data

Data Type Select
General Info & Identifiers & Properties  
Structure MOL file  
Source Organisms  
Biological Activities  
Similar NPs/Drugs  

  Natural Product: NPC21418

Natural Product ID:  NPC21418
Common Name*:   GEHPRJRWZDWFBJ-FOCLMDBBSA-N
IUPAC Name:   n.a.
Synonyms:  
Standard InCHIKey:  GEHPRJRWZDWFBJ-FOCLMDBBSA-N
Standard InCHI:  InChI=1S/C17H32O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17(18)19/h15-16H,2-14H2,1H3,(H,18,19)/b16-15+
SMILES:  CCCCCCCCCCCCCC/C=C/C(=O)O
Synthetic Gene Cluster:   n.a.
ChEMBL Identifier:   n.a.
PubChem CID:   5282747
Chemical Classification**:  
  • CHEMONTID:0000000 [Organic compounds]
    • [CHEMONTID:0000012] Lipids and lipid-like molecules
      • [CHEMONTID:0003909] Fatty Acyls
        • [CHEMONTID:0000262] Fatty acids and conjugates
          • [CHEMONTID:0002949] Long-chain fatty acids

*Note: the InCHIKey will be temporarily assigned as the "Common Name" if no IUPAC name or alternative short name is available.
**Note: the Chemical Classification was calculated by NPClassifier Version 1.5. Reference: PMID:34662515.

  Species Source

Organism ID Organism Name Taxonomy Level Family SuperKingdom Isolation Part Collection Location Collection Time Reference
NPO17024 Vitis vinifera Species Vitaceae Eukaryota n.a. Nigeria(latitude 80°N and longitude 4°E) 2005; 2006 DOI[10.1002/ejlt.201000080]
NPO17024 Vitis vinifera Species Vitaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. DOI[10.1007/s11306-010-0259-y]
NPO17024 Vitis vinifera Species Vitaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. DOI[10.1007/s11306-014-0638-x]
NPO17024 Vitis vinifera Species Vitaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. DOI[10.1007/s11746-997-0093-1]
NPO7635 Glycine max Species Fabaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. DOI[10.1007/s11746-997-0093-1]
NPO7635 Glycine max Species Fabaceae Eukaryota n.a. Wrocław, Poland 2004–2005 DOI[10.1016/J.FOODCHEM.2006.08.014]
NPO9798 Paeonia lactiflora Species Paeoniaceae Eukaryota Seeds Anhui province, China DOI[10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109416]
NPO9798 Paeonia lactiflora Species Paeoniaceae Eukaryota Seeds Gansu province, China DOI[10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109416]
NPO9798 Paeonia lactiflora Species Paeoniaceae Eukaryota Seeds Henan province, China DOI[10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109416]
NPO9798 Paeonia lactiflora Species Paeoniaceae Eukaryota Seeds Shandong province, China DOI[10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109416]
NPO9798 Paeonia lactiflora Species Paeoniaceae Eukaryota Seeds Shanxi province, China DOI[10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109416]
NPO7635 Glycine max Species Fabaceae Eukaryota n.a. retail stores, supermarkets and market stalls in Forssa and in the Helsinki area 2003–2005 DOI[10.1016/j.jfca.2006.05.007]
NPO17024 Vitis vinifera Species Vitaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. DOI[10.1016/j.phytol.2008.07.007]
NPO7635 Glycine max Species Fabaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. DOI[10.1021/jf950732o]
NPO22741 Curcuma kwangsiensis Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota n.a. rhizome n.a. DOI[10.1021/np100392m]
NPO17024 Vitis vinifera Species Vitaceae Eukaryota Seeds Plovdiv, Plovdiv region in South Bulgaria DOI[10.1051/CTV/20163101031]
NPO9798 Paeonia lactiflora Species Paeoniaceae Eukaryota n.a. root n.a. DOI[10.2174/092986712800229032]
NPO7635 Glycine max Species Fabaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[10775096]
NPO17024 Vitis vinifera Species Vitaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[11170689]
NPO17024 Vitis vinifera Species Vitaceae Eukaryota n.a. leaf n.a. PMID[11312782]
NPO17024 Vitis vinifera Species Vitaceae Eukaryota n.a. fruit n.a. PMID[11312782]
NPO17024 Vitis vinifera Species Vitaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[11408943]
NPO17024 Vitis vinifera Species Vitaceae Eukaryota n.a. fruit n.a. PMID[12105962]
NPO24124 Curcuma longa Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[12350137]
NPO24124 Curcuma longa Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota rhizome n.a. n.a. PMID[12617587]
NPO7635 Glycine max Species Fabaceae Eukaryota n.a. root n.a. PMID[1622242]
NPO7635 Glycine max Species Fabaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[16659156]
NPO7635 Glycine max Species Fabaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[16668466]
NPO7635 Glycine max Species Fabaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[18460139]
NPO17024 Vitis vinifera Species Vitaceae Eukaryota n.a. Esuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos de Albacete 2007 PMID[19256538]
NPO9798 Paeonia lactiflora Species Paeoniaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[19402674]
NPO9798 Paeonia lactiflora Species Paeoniaceae Eukaryota n.a. root n.a. PMID[19721258]
NPO9798 Paeonia lactiflora Species Paeoniaceae Eukaryota n.a. root n.a. PMID[19772486]
NPO9798 Paeonia lactiflora Species Paeoniaceae Eukaryota Roots n.a. n.a. PMID[20806783]
NPO17024 Vitis vinifera Species Vitaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[20826702]
NPO22741 Curcuma kwangsiensis Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota Rhizomes n.a. n.a. PMID[20879743]
NPO7635 Glycine max Species Fabaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[20963508]
NPO9798 Paeonia lactiflora Species Paeoniaceae Eukaryota n.a. root n.a. PMID[21782011]
NPO22741 Curcuma kwangsiensis Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[21807513]
NPO9798 Paeonia lactiflora Species Paeoniaceae Eukaryota n.a. root n.a. PMID[22190295]
NPO17024 Vitis vinifera Species Vitaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[22537213]
NPO7635 Glycine max Species Fabaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[22537213]
NPO24124 Curcuma longa Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota Rhizomes n.a. n.a. PMID[23153397]
NPO9798 Paeonia lactiflora Species Paeoniaceae Eukaryota n.a. seed n.a. PMID[23497864]
NPO2618 Curcuma wenyujin Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota n.a. rhizome n.a. PMID[23738470]
NPO2618 Curcuma wenyujin Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota n.a. root n.a. PMID[23738470]
NPO18068 Curcuma phaeocaulis Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota rhizomes n.a. n.a. PMID[23755850]
NPO17024 Vitis vinifera Species Vitaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[23759170]
NPO24124 Curcuma longa Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota n.a. leaf n.a. PMID[23901173]
NPO7635 Glycine max Species Fabaceae Eukaryota Seeds Tekirdag, Turkey PMID[24499198]
NPO17024 Vitis vinifera Species Vitaceae Eukaryota Stalks n.a. n.a. PMID[24521157]
NPO7635 Glycine max Species Fabaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[25053043]
NPO7635 Glycine max Species Fabaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[25070365]
NPO2618 Curcuma wenyujin Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota Rhizomes n.a. n.a. PMID[25275213]
NPO7635 Glycine max Species Fabaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[25369450]
NPO7635 Glycine max Species Fabaceae Eukaryota n.a. seed n.a. PMID[25369450]
NPO9798 Paeonia lactiflora Species Paeoniaceae Eukaryota n.a. root n.a. PMID[26838074]
NPO9798 Paeonia lactiflora Species Paeoniaceae Eukaryota n.a. root n.a. PMID[27313650]
NPO9798 Paeonia lactiflora Species Paeoniaceae Eukaryota n.a. root n.a. PMID[27429639]
NPO24124 Curcuma longa Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[28068085]
NPO9798 Paeonia lactiflora Species Paeoniaceae Eukaryota Roots n.a. n.a. PMID[29741372]
NPO17024 Vitis vinifera Species Vitaceae Eukaryota Seeds Benedictine Pannonhalma Archabbey, Hungary PMID[29803478]
NPO17024 Vitis vinifera Species Vitaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[31433178]
NPO9798 Paeonia lactiflora Species Paeoniaceae Eukaryota Seeds HeZe, ShanDong, China early autumn (from August to the beginning of September PMID[32545196]
NPO9798 Paeonia lactiflora Species Paeoniaceae Eukaryota Roots n.a. n.a. PMID[32951423]
NPO9798 Paeonia lactiflora Species Paeoniaceae Eukaryota Seeds Xinjiang,China PMID[33063333]
NPO24124 Curcuma longa Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[9584408]
NPO24124 Curcuma longa Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota Essential Oil n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO24124 Curcuma longa Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO24124 Curcuma longa Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO7635 Glycine max Species Fabaceae Eukaryota Seed n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO17024 Vitis vinifera Species Vitaceae Eukaryota Seed n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO7635 Glycine max Species Fabaceae Eukaryota Fruit n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO7635 Glycine max Species Fabaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO7635 Glycine max Species Fabaceae Eukaryota Sprout Seedling n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO17024 Vitis vinifera Species Vitaceae Eukaryota Fruit n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO7635 Glycine max Species Fabaceae Eukaryota Stem n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO7635 Glycine max Species Fabaceae Eukaryota Hypocotyl n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO17024 Vitis vinifera Species Vitaceae Eukaryota Stem n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO24124 Curcuma longa Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota Leaf n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO7635 Glycine max Species Fabaceae Eukaryota Leaf n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO17024 Vitis vinifera Species Vitaceae Eukaryota Leaf n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO17024 Vitis vinifera Species Vitaceae Eukaryota Leaf Essent. Oil n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO7635 Glycine max Species Fabaceae Eukaryota Oil n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO7635 Glycine max Species Fabaceae Eukaryota Pericarp n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO7635 Glycine max Species Fabaceae Eukaryota Plant n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO17024 Vitis vinifera Species Vitaceae Eukaryota Plant n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO24124 Curcuma longa Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota Rhizome n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO24124 Curcuma longa Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota Rhizome Essent. Oil n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO7635 Glycine max Species Fabaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO7635 Glycine max Species Fabaceae Eukaryota Testa n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO24124 Curcuma longa Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota Root n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO7635 Glycine max Species Fabaceae Eukaryota Cotyledon n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO17024 Vitis vinifera Species Vitaceae Eukaryota Fruits n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO17024 Vitis vinifera Species Vitaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO7635 Glycine max Species Fabaceae Eukaryota Root n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO24124 Curcuma longa Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO22741 Curcuma kwangsiensis Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO7635 Glycine max Species Fabaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO17024 Vitis vinifera Species Vitaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO9798 Paeonia lactiflora Species Paeoniaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO7635 Glycine max Species Fabaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[MetaboLights]
NPO17024 Vitis vinifera Species Vitaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[MetaboLights]
NPO7635 Glycine max Species Fabaceae Eukaryota n.a. seed n.a. Database[MetaboLights]
NPO24124 Curcuma longa Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. Database[Phenol-Explorer]
NPO7635 Glycine max Species Fabaceae Eukaryota Seeds n.a. Database[Phenol-Explorer]
NPO17024 Vitis vinifera Species Vitaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO7635 Glycine max Species Fabaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO24124 Curcuma longa Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO22741 Curcuma kwangsiensis Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO9798 Paeonia lactiflora Species Paeoniaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO24124 Curcuma longa Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO7635 Glycine max Species Fabaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO2618 Curcuma wenyujin Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO17024 Vitis vinifera Species Vitaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO9798 Paeonia lactiflora Species Paeoniaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO22741 Curcuma kwangsiensis Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO2618 Curcuma wenyujin Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TM-MC]
NPO22741 Curcuma kwangsiensis Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TM-MC]
NPO24124 Curcuma longa Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TM-MC]
NPO18068 Curcuma phaeocaulis Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TM-MC]
NPO9798 Paeonia lactiflora Species Paeoniaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TM-MC]
NPO7635 Glycine max Species Fabaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TM-MC]
NPO24124 Curcuma longa Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO7635 Glycine max Species Fabaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO9798 Paeonia lactiflora Species Paeoniaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO17024 Vitis vinifera Species Vitaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO22741 Curcuma kwangsiensis Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO2618 Curcuma wenyujin Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO18068 Curcuma phaeocaulis Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]

☑ Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP source organism data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated them from below databases:
☉ UNPD: Universal Natural Products Database [PMID: 23638153].
☉ StreptomeDB: a database of streptomycetes natural products [PMID: 33051671].
☉ TM-MC: a database of medicinal materials and chemical compounds in Northeast Asian traditional medicine [PMID: 26156871].
☉ TCM@Taiwan: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 21253603].
☉ TCMID: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 29106634].
☉ TCMSP: The traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform [PMID: 24735618].
☉ HerDing: a herb recommendation system to treat diseases using genes and chemicals [PMID: 26980517].
☉ MetaboLights: a metabolomics database [PMID: 27010336].
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

  NP Quantity Composition/Concentration

Organism ID NP ID Organism Material Preparation Organism Part NP Quantity (Standard) NP Quantity (Minimum) NP Quantity (Maximum) Quantity Unit Reference
NPO17024 NPC21418 Soxhlet-extraction Seeds 0.01 ±0.003 n.a. n.a. % PMID[29803478]
NPO17024 NPC21418 Soxhlet-extraction Seeds 0.02 ±0.002 n.a. n.a. % PMID[29803478]
NPO17024 NPC21418 Soxhlet-extraction Seeds 0.03 ±0.002 n.a. n.a. % PMID[29803478]
NPO9798 NPC21418 The AOCS Official Method Seeds 0.13 ± 0.02 n.a. n.a. % PMID[33063333]
NPO9798 NPC21418 The AOCS Official Method Seeds 0.13 ± 0.03 n.a. n.a. % PMID[33063333]
NPO9798 NPC21418 The AOCS Official Method Seeds 0.15 ± 0.01 n.a. n.a. % PMID[33063333]
NPO9798 NPC21418 The AOCS Official Method Seeds 0.15 ± 0.04 n.a. n.a. % PMID[33063333]
NPO9798 NPC21418 The AOCS Official Method Seeds 0.16 ± 0.04 n.a. n.a. % PMID[33063333]
NPO7635 NPC21418 n.a. Seeds 0.1 n.a. n.a. % PMID[24499198]

☑ Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP quantitative records for specific NP domains (e.g., NPS from foods or herbs) from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ DUKE: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases.
☉ PHENOL EXPLORER: is the first comprehensive database on polyphenol content in foods [PMID: 24103452], its homepage can be accessed at here.
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

  Biological Activity

Target ID Target Type Target Name Target Organism Activity Type Activity Relation Value Unit Reference

☑ Note for Activity Records:
☉ The quantitative biological activities were primarily integrated from ChEMBL (Version-30) database and were also directly collected from PubMed literature. PubMed PMID was provided as the reference link for each activity record.

  Chemically structural similarity: I. Similar Active Natural Products in NPASS

Top-200 similar NPs were calculated against the active-NP-set (includes 4,3285 NPs with experimentally-derived bioactivity available in NPASS)

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules. Tc lies between [0, 1] where '1' indicates the highest similarity. What is Tanimoto coefficient

●  The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC21418 and all remaining natural products in the NPASS database.
●  The right table: Most similar natural products (Tc>=0.56 or Top200).

Similarity Score Similarity Level Natural Product ID

  Chemically structural similarity: II. Similar Clinical/Approved Drugs

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules.

●  The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC21418 and all drugs/candidates.
●  The right table: Most similar clinical/approved drugs (Tc>=0.56 or Top200).

Similarity Score Similarity Level Drug ID Developmental Stage

  Bioactivity similarity: Similar Natural Products in NPASS

Bioactivity similarity was calculated based on bioactivity descriptors of compounds. The bioactivity descriptors were calculated by a recently developed AI algorithm Chemical Checker (CC) [Nature Biotechnology, 38:1087–1096, 2020; Nature Communications, 12:3932, 2021], which evaluated bioactivity similarities at five levels:
☉ A: chemistry similarity;
☉ B: biological targets similarity;
☉ C: networks similarity;
☉ D: cell-based bioactivity similarity;
☉ E: similarity based on clinical data.

Those 5 categories of CC bioactivity descriptors were calculated and then subjected to manifold projection using UMAP algorithm, to project all NPs on a 2-Dimensional space. The current NP was highlighted with a small circle in the 2-D map. Below figures: left-to-right, A-to-E.

A: chemistry similarity
B: biological targets similarity
C: networks similarity
D: cell-based bioactivity similarity
E: similarity based on clinical data