NPASS Compound

Natural Product: NPC157337

Natural Product ID	NPC157337
Common Name ? The InCHIKey will be temporarily assigned as the "Common Name" if no IUPAC name or alternative short name is available.	KXGVEGMKQFWNSR-GPTTVZJUSA-N
IUPAC Name	n.a.
Synonyms
Synthetic Gene Cluster	n.a.
ChEMBL Identifier	n.a.
PubChem CID	45358122
Chemical Classification	CHEMONTID:0000000 [Organic compounds] [CHEMONTID:0000012] Lipids and lipid-like molecules [CHEMONTID:0000258] Steroids and steroid derivatives [CHEMONTID:0001445] Bile acids, alcohols and derivatives [CHEMONTID:0002194] Hydroxy bile acids, alcohols and derivatives [CHEMONTID:0000516] Dihydroxy bile acids, alcohols and derivatives

The Chemical Classification was calculated by Classyfire, a software for chemical taxonomy calculation. Reference: DOI:10.1186/s13321-016-0174-y.

Chemical Representations

RDKit 3D 68 71 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000 -4.3011 1.0836 0.6994 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.3641 -0.0290 0.5458 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.0355 -1.3436 0.3040 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.9605 -1.8986 1.2882 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.2492 -1.2612 1.5528 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.8526 -0.4121 0.8956 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.9359 -1.6601 2.7412 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.2793 0.0921 -0.4520 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.6402 0.2936 -1.8727 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.2393 0.1140 -2.4947 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.3659 0.8264 -1.5177 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.9282 0.1409 -1.1860 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.7304 -0.1987 -2.4176 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.9464 -0.9391 -2.0080 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.5981 -0.5076 -0.7554 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.5966 -1.5479 0.3378 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.6710 -1.1294 1.3072 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.2957 0.1854 1.9258 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.8148 1.2333 1.0240 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.1686 0.8700 -0.2651 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.7577 1.8253 -1.3275 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.7002 1.0712 -0.2840 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.0117 1.0311 1.0537 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.4266 0.6498 0.9915 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.1648 1.0418 -0.2372 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.5365 2.5098 -0.2597 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.6008 -0.7360 1.2251 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.9618 -2.0559 2.2734 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.0612 1.2346 -0.0696 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.7556 2.0819 0.8930 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.8290 0.9743 1.6836 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.8352 -0.1520 1.5400 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.2292 -2.1071 0.0137 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.6131 -1.2242 -0.6794 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.4296 -2.1585 2.2569 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.2357 -2.9474 0.9094 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.6527 -1.0469 3.1434 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.7760 -0.9400 -0.4328 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.3234 -0.4997 -2.2664 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.0825 1.2514 -2.1368 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.2072 0.5010 -3.5154 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.0689 -0.9928 -2.4649 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.0730 1.7948 -2.0016 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.7395 -0.8234 -0.6718 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.0796 -0.9106 -3.0105 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.8804 0.6594 -3.0843 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.6429 -0.9555 -2.8978 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.6728 -2.0285 -1.8815 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.6991 -0.3725 -0.9950 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.9497 -2.4888 -0.1378 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.6296 -1.7456 0.7797 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.5948 -0.9421 0.6990 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.6098 -0.0725 2.7885 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.2256 0.5339 2.4733 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.6503 1.9860 0.8786 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.0586 1.8509 1.5971 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.6737 2.3244 -0.9482 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.0397 2.6323 -1.5577 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.0220 1.3281 -2.2547 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.4880 2.1135 -0.6694 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.0396 2.0478 1.5495 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.5000 0.3468 1.7578 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.9866 1.1223 1.8562 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.7085 3.1092 -0.7696 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.4022 2.7341 -0.9147 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.5732 2.9461 0.7450 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.5143 -0.9371 2.1902 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.9327 -1.9306 2.5171 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 0 2 3 1 0 3 4 1 0 4 5 1 0 5 6 2 0 5 7 1 0 2 8 1 0 8 9 1 0 9 10 1 0 10 11 1 0 11 12 1 0 12 13 1 0 13 14 1 0 14 15 1 0 15 16 1 0 16 17 1 0 17 18 1 0 18 19 1 0 19 20 1 0 20 21 1 0 20 22 1 0 22 23 1 0 23 24 1 0 24 25 1 0 25 26 1 0 24 27 1 0 17 28 1 0 25 8 1 0 25 11 1 0 22 12 1 0 20 15 1 0 1 29 1 0 1 30 1 0 1 31 1 0 2 32 1 0 3 33 1 0 3 34 1 0 4 35 1 0 4 36 1 0 7 37 1 0 8 38 1 0 9 39 1 0 9 40 1 0 10 41 1 0 10 42 1 0 11 43 1 0 12 44 1 0 13 45 1 0 13 46 1 0 14 47 1 0 14 48 1 0 15 49 1 0 16 50 1 0 16 51 1 0 17 52 1 6 18 53 1 0 18 54 1 0 19 55 1 0 19 56 1 0 21 57 1 0 21 58 1 0 21 59 1 0 22 60 1 0 23 61 1 0 23 62 1 0 24 63 1 1 26 64 1 0 26 65 1 0 26 66 1 0 27 67 1 0 28 68 1 0 M END

Standard InCHIKey	KXGVEGMKQFWNSR-GPTTVZJUSA-N
Standard InCHI	InChI=1S/C24H40O4/c1-14(4-9-22(27)28)18-7-8-19-17-6-5-15-12-16(25)10-11-23(15,2)20(17)13-21(26)24(18,19)3/h14-21,25-26H,4-13H2,1-3H3,(H,27,28)/t14?,15?,16-,17?,18?,19?,20?,21+,23?,24?/m1/s1
SMILES	CC(CCC(=O)O)C1CCC2C3CCC4C[C@@H](CCC4(C)C3C[C@@H](C12C)O)O

Calculated Properties

Physi-Chem Properties

Molecular Weight:	392.29	Volume:	421.959 ? Van der Waals volume.
Dense:	0.93	LogP:	3.095 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficients.
logD7.4:	2.921 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficient at pH=7.4.	LogS:	-3.922 ? The logarithm of aqueous solubility value.
Rotatable Bonds:	4.0	Rigid Bonds:	21.0
TPSA:	77.76 ? Topological Polar Surface Area.	H-Bond Acceptor:	4.0
H-Bond Donor:	3.0	Rings:	4.0
Heavy Atoms:	4.0

MedChem Properties

QED Drug-Likeness Score:	0.659	GASA:	1.0 ? GASA represents the probability of being difficult to synthesize, ranging from 0 to 1.
Synthetic Accessibility Score:	4.365	Fsp³:	0.958
MCE-18:	73.532 ? MCE-18 stands for medicinal chemistry evolution.MCE-18≥45 is considered a suitable value.	Lipinski Rule-of-5:	Rejected
Pfizer Rule:	Rejected	GSK Rule:	Rejected
Golden Triangle Rule:	Rejected	BMS Rule:	0
Chelating Alert:	0	PAINS Alert:	0
Colloidal aggregators:	0.191	Fluc inhibitor:	0.0 ? The fluc inhibitor value is the probability of being fLuc inhibitors, within the range of 0 to 1.
Blue fluorescence:	0.019 ? The blue fluorescence value is the probability of being blue fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1	Green fluorescence:	0.006 ? The green fluorescence value is the probability of being green fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1
Reactive compounds:	0.339	Promiscuous compounds:	0.186

ADMET Properties (ADMETlab3.0)

ADMET: Absorption

Caco-2 Permeability:	-5.354	MDCK Permeability:	-5.095
Pgp-inhibitor:	0.0	Pgp-substrate:	0.034
PAMPA:	0.976 ? The experimental data for Peff was logarithmically transformed (logPeff). Molecules with log Peff values below 2.0 were classified as low-permeability (Category 0), while those with log Peff values exceeding 2.5 were classified as high-permeability (Category 1).	Human Intestinal Absorption (HIA):	0.007
20% Bioavailability (F20%):	0.025	30% Bioavailability (F30%):	0.032
50% Bioavailability (F50%):	0.537

ADMET: Distribution

Blood-Brain-Barrier Penetration (BBB):	0.152	MRP1:	0.99
Plasma Protein Binding (PPB):	83.723%	Volume Distribution (VD):	-0.024
Fu:	14.793% ? The fraction unbound in plasms.	OATP1B1 inhibitor:	0.297
OATP1B3 inhibitor:	0.891	BCRP inhibitor:	0.004
BSEP inhibitor:	0.578

ADMET: Metabolism

CYP1A2-inhibitor:	0.026	CYP1A2-substrate:	0.0
CYP2C19-inhibitor:	0.987	CYP2C19-substrate:	0.064
CYP2C9-inhibitor:	0.991	CYP2C9-substrate:	0.001
CYP2D6-inhibitor:	0.001	CYP2D6-substrate:	0.0
CYP3A4-inhibitor:	0.12	CYP3A4-substrate:	0.995
CYP2B6-substrate:	0.999	CYP2C8-inhibitor:	1.0
HLM stability:	0.011 ? Human liver microsomal (HLM) stability. Category 0: stable+ (HLM > 30 min); Category 1: unstable- (HLM ≤ 30 min). The output value is the probability of human liver microsomal instability, where a value closer to 1 indicates a higher likelihood of instability.

ADMET: Excretion

Clearance (CL):

11.208

Half-life (T1/2):

2.317

ADMET: Toxicity

hERG Blockers:	0.048	hERG Blockers (10um):	0.177
Human Hepatotoxicity (H-HT):	0.477	Drug-induced Liver Injury (DILI):	0.084
AMES Toxicity:	0.27	Rat Oral Acute Toxicity:	0.167
Maximum Recommended Daily Dose:	0.839	Skin Sensitization:	0.643
Carcinogencity:	0.415	Eye Corrosion:	0.025
Eye Irritation:	0.704	Respiratory Toxicity:	0.856
Drug-induced Neurotoxicity:	0.118	Ototoxicity:	0.817
Hematotoxicity:	0.113	Drug-induced Nephrotoxicity:	0.188
Genotoxicity:	0.001	RPMI-8226 Immunitoxicity:	0.04
A549 Cytotoxicity:	0.352	Hek293 Cytotoxicity:	0.216
BCF:	0.549 ? Bioconcentration factors are used for considering secondary poisoning potential and assessing risks to human health via the food chain. The unit is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	IGC50:	3.476 ? 48 hour Tetrahymena pyriformis IGC50. The unit of IGC50 is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].
LC50DM:	5.041 ? 48 hour Daphnia magna LC50. The unit of LC50DM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	LC50FM:	3.852 ? 96 hour fathead minnow LC50. The unit of LC50FM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].

Species Source

Organism ID	Organism Name	Taxonomy Level	Family	SuperKingdom	Isolation Part	Collection Location	Collection Time	Reference
NPO12323	Bos taurus	Species	Bovidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[24211545]
NPO12323	Bos taurus	Species	Bovidae	Eukaryota	Urine	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[6330305]
NPO12323	Bos taurus	Species	Bovidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[932730]
NPO29662	Ursus thibetanus	Species	Ursidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO19657	Ursus arctos	Species	Ursidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO17393	Bubalus bubalis	Species	Bovidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO12323	Bos taurus	Species	Bovidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO12323	Bos taurus	Species	Bovidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.		Database[FooDB]
NPO12323	Bos taurus	Species	Bovidae	Eukaryota		n.a.	n.a.	Database[FooDB]
NPO12323	Bos taurus	Species	Bovidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO17393	Bubalus bubalis	Species	Bovidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO29662	Ursus thibetanus	Species	Ursidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO19657	Ursus arctos	Species	Ursidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO12323	Bos taurus	Species	Bovidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO17393	Bubalus bubalis	Species	Bovidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO19657	Ursus arctos	Species	Ursidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO12323	Bos taurus	Species	Bovidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO17393	Bubalus bubalis	Species	Bovidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO19657	Ursus arctos	Species	Ursidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO12323	Bos taurus	Species	Bovidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP source organism data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated them from below databases:
☉ UNPD: Universal Natural Products Database [PMID: 23638153].
☉ StreptomeDB: a database of streptomycetes natural products [PMID: 33051671].
☉ TM-MC: a database of medicinal materials and chemical compounds in Northeast Asian traditional medicine [PMID: 26156871].
☉ TCM@Taiwan: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 21253603].
☉ TCMID: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 29106634].
☉ TCMSP: The traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform [PMID: 24735618].
☉ HerDing: a herb recommendation system to treat diseases using genes and chemicals [PMID: 26980517].
☉ MetaboLights: a metabolomics database [PMID: 27010336].
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

NP Quantity Composition/Concentration

Organism ID	Organism Name	Organism Material Preparation	Organism Part	NP Quantity (Standard)	NP Quantity (Minimum)	NP Quantity (Maximum)	Quantity Unit	Reference

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP quantitative records for specific NP domains (e.g., NPS from foods or herbs) from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ DUKE: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases.
☉ PHENOL EXPLORER: is the first comprehensive database on polyphenol content in foods [PMID: 24103452], its homepage can be accessed at here.
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

Biological Activity

Molecular-level activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

In vitro activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

In vivo activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

Experimental ADME

Experiment Model	Experiment Tissue	ADME Type	ADME Relation	ADME Value	ADME Unit	Reference

Experimental Toxicity

Quantitative toxicity

Experiment Model	Experiment Organism	Toxicity Type	Toxicity Relation	Toxicity Value	Toxicity Unit	Reference

Common Abbreviations:
LC: Lethal Concentration; LD: Lethal Dose; LT:Lethal Time; NOAEL: No-observed-adverse-effect Level; BMDL: Benchmark Dose Lower Confidence Limit; BMD: Benchmark Dose; BMC:Benchmark Concentration; LOAEL: Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level; RfD:Reference Dose; RfC:Reference Concentration; MRL: Minimal Risk Level; MEG: Maximum Exposure Guideline; PAC: Protective Action Criteria

Categorical toxicity labels

Hepatotoxicity	Carcinogenicity	Mutagenicity	Cardiotoxicity	Respiratory Toxicity	Eye Irritation	Endocrine Disruption

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP toxicity records from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ ToxValDB: a curated database that compiles quantitative toxicity values for chemicals from diverse public sources to support toxicological research and risk assessment.
☉ TOXRIC: a comprehensive, free-to-access, online database providing toxicological/feature data. The toxicity labels are retrieved from this database. [PMID: 36400569]

Chemically structural similarity

Similar Active Natural Products in NPASS

Top-200 similar NPs were calculated against the active-NP-set (includes approximately 50,000 NPs with experimentally-derived bioactivity available in NPASS)

Similarity is measured using the Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) , which compares the binary fingerprints of two molecules. Tc is calculated as the intersection divided by the union of '1' bits in the fingerprints, ranging from 0 to 1, with 1 indicating highest similarity.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC157337 and all remaining natural products in the NPASS database.
● The right table: Most similar natural products (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	27671
0.1-0.2	19697
0.2-0.3	2351
0.3-0.4	88
0.4-0.5	31
0.5-0.6	12
0.6-0.7	3
0.7-0.8	2
0.8-0.85	0
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	1

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Natural Product ID
1.0	High Similarity	NPC4209
0.7692	Intermediate Similarity	NPC167702
0.7692	Intermediate Similarity	NPC280026
0.7407	Intermediate Similarity	NPC324700
0.7407	Intermediate Similarity	NPC80089
0.7	Intermediate Similarity	NPC175419
0.6667	Remote Similarity	NPC283751
0.614	Remote Similarity	NPC171426
0.614	Remote Similarity	NPC34046
0.5738	Remote Similarity	NPC185465
0.5593	Remote Similarity	NPC207010
0.5593	Remote Similarity	NPC317913
0.5424	Remote Similarity	NPC477820
0.5373	Remote Similarity	NPC171698
0.5312	Remote Similarity	NPC323180
0.5246	Remote Similarity	NPC121121
0.5161	Remote Similarity	NPC477819
0.5161	Remote Similarity	NPC477817
0.5143	Remote Similarity	NPC159390
0.5079	Remote Similarity	NPC329117
0.5075	Remote Similarity	NPC320478

Similar Clinical/Approved Drugs

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC157337 and all drugs/candidates.
● The right table: Most similar clinical/approved drugs (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	6343
0.1-0.2	2631
0.2-0.3	149
0.3-0.4	8
0.4-0.5	10
0.5-0.6	3
0.6-0.7	2
0.7-0.8	2
0.8-0.85	0
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	1

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Drug ID	Developmental Stage
1.0	High Similarity	NPD6117	Phase 4
0.7692	Intermediate Similarity	NPD6113	Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.7407	Intermediate Similarity	NPD6118	Phase 4
0.614	Remote Similarity	NPD6114	Phase 4
0.614	Remote Similarity	NPD6115	Phase 4
0.5593	Remote Similarity	NPD6116	Phase 1
0.5246	Remote Similarity	NPD6697	Phase 4
0.5143	Remote Similarity	NPD6701	Clinical (unspecified phase)

Bioactivity similarity

Similar Natural Products in NPASS

Similarity level is defined by Bioactivity similarity was calculated based on bioactivity descriptors of compounds. The bioactivity descriptors were calculated by a recently developed AI algorithm Chemical Checker (CC) [Nature Biotechnology, 38:1087–1096, 2020; Nature Communications, 12:3932, 2021], which evaluated bioactivity similarities at five levels:
☉ A: chemistry similarity;
☉ B: biological targets similarity;
☉ C: networks similarity;
☉ D: cell-based bioactivity similarity;
☉ E: similarity based on clinical data.
Those 5 categories of CC bioactivity descriptors were calculated and then subjected to manifold projection using UMAP algorithm, to project all NPs on a 2-Dimensional space. The current NP was highlighted with a small circle in the 2-D map. Below figures: left-to-right, A-to-E.

A: chemistry similarity

B: biological targets similarity

C: networks similarity

D: cell-based bioactivity similarity

E: similarity based on clinical data