Structure

Physi-Chem Properties

Molecular Weight:  222.2
Volume:  262.957
LogP:  4.022
LogD:  3.872
LogS:  -3.336
# Rotatable Bonds:  3
TPSA:  20.23
# H-Bond Aceptor:  1
# H-Bond Donor:  1
# Rings:  1
# Heavy Atoms:  1

MedChem Properties

QED Drug-Likeness Score:  0.717
Synthetic Accessibility Score:  4.178
Fsp3:  0.733
Lipinski Rule-of-5:  Accepted
Pfizer Rule:  Rejected
GSK Rule:  Rejected
BMS Rule:  0
Golden Triangle Rule:  Accepted
Chelating Alert:  0
PAINS Alert:  0

ADMET Properties (ADMETlab2.0)

ADMET: Absorption

Caco-2 Permeability:  -4.464
MDCK Permeability:  1.7703641788102686e-05
Pgp-inhibitor:  0.237
Pgp-substrate:  0.0
Human Intestinal Absorption (HIA):  0.004
20% Bioavailability (F20%):  0.476
30% Bioavailability (F30%):  0.005

ADMET: Distribution

Blood-Brain-Barrier Penetration (BBB):  0.412
Plasma Protein Binding (PPB):  84.45706176757812%
Volume Distribution (VD):  1.57
Pgp-substrate:  14.960493087768555%

ADMET: Metabolism

CYP1A2-inhibitor:  0.057
CYP1A2-substrate:  0.419
CYP2C19-inhibitor:  0.069
CYP2C19-substrate:  0.848
CYP2C9-inhibitor:  0.143
CYP2C9-substrate:  0.566
CYP2D6-inhibitor:  0.032
CYP2D6-substrate:  0.662
CYP3A4-inhibitor:  0.378
CYP3A4-substrate:  0.272

ADMET: Excretion

Clearance (CL):  3.222
Half-life (T1/2):  0.333

ADMET: Toxicity

hERG Blockers:  0.009
Human Hepatotoxicity (H-HT):  0.029
Drug-inuced Liver Injury (DILI):  0.024
AMES Toxicity:  0.003
Rat Oral Acute Toxicity:  0.013
Maximum Recommended Daily Dose:  0.793
Skin Sensitization:  0.296
Carcinogencity:  0.12
Eye Corrosion:  0.979
Eye Irritation:  0.982
Respiratory Toxicity:  0.307

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Similar NPs/Drugs  

  Natural Product: NPC135836

Natural Product ID:  NPC135836
Common Name*:   GFJIQNADMLPFOW-GUTXKFCHSA-N
IUPAC Name:   n.a.
Synonyms:  
Standard InCHIKey:  GFJIQNADMLPFOW-GUTXKFCHSA-N
Standard InCHI:  InChI=1S/C15H26O/c1-7-15(6)9-8-12(14(4,5)16)10-13(15)11(2)3/h7,12-13,16H,1-2,8-10H2,3-6H3/t12-,13+,15-/m0/s1
SMILES:  C=C[C@@]1(C)CC[C@@H](C[C@@H]1C(=C)C)C(C)(C)O
Synthetic Gene Cluster:   n.a.
ChEMBL Identifier:   n.a.
PubChem CID:   11064030
Chemical Classification**:  
  • CHEMONTID:0000000 [Organic compounds]
    • [CHEMONTID:0000012] Lipids and lipid-like molecules
      • [CHEMONTID:0000259] Prenol lipids
        • [CHEMONTID:0001550] Sesquiterpenoids
          • [CHEMONTID:0002872] Elemane sesquiterpenoids

*Note: the InCHIKey will be temporarily assigned as the "Common Name" if no IUPAC name or alternative short name is available.
**Note: the Chemical Classification was calculated by NPClassifier Version 1.5. Reference: PMID:34662515.

  Species Source

Organism ID Organism Name Taxonomy Level Family SuperKingdom Isolation Part Collection Location Collection Time Reference
NPO163 Daucus carota Species Apiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. DOI[10.1016/0045-6535(91)90110-Y]
NPO28276 Artemisia argyi Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. DOI[10.1016/j.jep.2005.01.054]
NPO163 Daucus carota Species Apiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. DOI[10.1016/j.jfca.2004.07.004]
NPO163 Daucus carota Species Apiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. DOI[10.1016/j.jfca.2005.08.001]
NPO163 Daucus carota Species Apiaceae Eukaryota n.a. retail stores, supermarkets and market stalls in Forssa and in the Helsinki area 2003–2005 DOI[10.1016/j.jfca.2006.05.007]
NPO163 Daucus carota Species Apiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. 1996-Sep PMID[10352947]
NPO6473.1 Perilla frutescens var. acuta Strain Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[10757731]
NPO25825 Saussurea lappa Species Asteraceae Eukaryota Roots n.a. n.a. PMID[14510592]
NPO28256 Platycladus orientalis Species Cupressaceae Eukaryota leaves Soorkesh Valley, Gollestan, Iran n.a. PMID[15104493]
NPO28256 Platycladus orientalis Species Cupressaceae Eukaryota Leaves and branches Soorkesh Valley, Gollestan, Iran n.a. PMID[15104493]
NPO163 Daucus carota Species Apiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[15877880]
NPO4368 Magnolia officinalis Species Magnoliaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[1659613]
NPO4368 Magnolia officinalis Species Magnoliaceae Eukaryota stem bark n.a. n.a. PMID[17918910]
NPO20553 Zingiber officinale Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota rhizomes n.a. n.a. PMID[18177011]
NPO163 Daucus carota Species Apiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[18460139]
NPO163 Daucus carota Species Apiaceae Eukaryota n.a. Northeastern Regional Plant Introduction Station at Geneva 1966, 1967, and 1968 crop seasons PMID[18460139]
NPO16087 Atractylodes lancea Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. rhizome n.a. PMID[18787781]
NPO4368 Magnolia officinalis Species Magnoliaceae Eukaryota Stems; Barks n.a. n.a. PMID[19086868]
NPO20553 Zingiber officinale Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[19271742]
NPO29334 Oplopanax elatus Species Araliaceae Eukaryota stems n.a. n.a. PMID[20387902]
NPO20553 Zingiber officinale Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[20590154]
NPO16087 Atractylodes lancea Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[21302967]
NPO163 Daucus carota Species Apiaceae Eukaryota n.a. root n.a. PMID[21800857]
NPO163 Daucus carota Species Apiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[21800857]
NPO163 Daucus carota Species Apiaceae Eukaryota n.a. exocarp n.a. PMID[21800857]
NPO5681 Acorus gramineus Species Acoraceae Eukaryota n.a. rhizome n.a. PMID[21936523]
NPO5681 Acorus gramineus Species Acoraceae Eukaryota Rhizomes n.a. n.a. PMID[21936523]
NPO6336 Asarum sieboldii Species Aristolochiaceae Eukaryota roots n.a. n.a. PMID[22381047]
NPO5681 Acorus gramineus Species Acoraceae Eukaryota rhizomes n.a. n.a. PMID[22951040]
NPO4368 Magnolia officinalis Species Magnoliaceae Eukaryota n.a. bark n.a. PMID[23823874]
NPO16087 Atractylodes lancea Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[27228227]
NPO163 Daucus carota Species Apiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[2831703]
NPO4368 Magnolia officinalis Species Magnoliaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[28485933]
NPO12588 Cornus officinalis Species Cornaceae Eukaryota Fruits n.a. n.a. PMID[29140705]
NPO28276 Artemisia argyi Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[31181920]
NPO28276 Artemisia argyi Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[31418264]
NPO25825 Saussurea lappa Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[3572418]
NPO163 Daucus carota Species Apiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[6821187]
NPO20553 Zingiber officinale Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[8064299]
NPO20553 Zingiber officinale Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota n.a. rhizome n.a. PMID[8064299]
NPO16087 Atractylodes lancea Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[9544564]
NPO20553 Zingiber officinale Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota Rhizome n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO163 Daucus carota Species Apiaceae Eukaryota Root n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO20553 Zingiber officinale Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota Root n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO163 Daucus carota Species Apiaceae Eukaryota Seed n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO163 Daucus carota Species Apiaceae Eukaryota Shoot n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO163 Daucus carota Species Apiaceae Eukaryota Tissue Culture n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO163 Daucus carota Species Apiaceae Eukaryota Fruit n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO163 Daucus carota Species Apiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO163 Daucus carota Species Apiaceae Eukaryota Roots n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO20553 Zingiber officinale Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO20553 Zingiber officinale Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO163 Daucus carota Species Apiaceae Eukaryota Leaf n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO163 Daucus carota Species Apiaceae Eukaryota Plant n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO20553 Zingiber officinale Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota Plant n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO20553 Zingiber officinale Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota Resin, Exudate, Sap n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO20553 Zingiber officinale Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO4368 Magnolia officinalis Species Magnoliaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO6565 Cymbopogon goeringii Species Poaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO14199 Cymbopogon procerus Species Poaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO25534 Macropiper excelsum Species Piperaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO28473 Piper banksii Species Piperaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO6473.1 Perilla frutescens var. acuta Strain Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO5681 Acorus gramineus Species Acoraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO12588 Cornus officinalis Species Cornaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO12584 Atractylodes chinensis Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO20851 Croton nepetaefolius Species Euphorbiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO6336 Asarum sieboldii Species Aristolochiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO16087 Atractylodes lancea Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO12519 Asarum caulescens Species Aristolochiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO28276 Artemisia argyi Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO29334 Oplopanax elatus Species Araliaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO6272 Chamaecyparis pisifera Species Cupressaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO20107 Asarum forbesii Species Aristolochiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO17724 Cinnamomum glanduliferum Species Lauraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO12468.1 Asarum heterotropoides var. mandshuricum Varieties Aristolochiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO163 Daucus carota Species Apiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO8367 Fructus schiandrae n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO163 Daucus carota Species Apiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. Database[Phenol-Explorer]
NPO20553 Zingiber officinale Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. Database[Phenol-Explorer]
NPO14199 Cymbopogon procerus Species Poaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO20553 Zingiber officinale Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO12468.1 Asarum heterotropoides var. mandshuricum Varieties Aristolochiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO12588 Cornus officinalis Species Cornaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO28276 Artemisia argyi Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO6272 Chamaecyparis pisifera Species Cupressaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO163 Daucus carota Species Apiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO6336 Asarum sieboldii Species Aristolochiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO16087 Atractylodes lancea Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO28256 Platycladus orientalis Species Cupressaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO5681 Acorus gramineus Species Acoraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO28473 Piper banksii Species Piperaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO4368 Magnolia officinalis Species Magnoliaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO8367 Fructus schiandrae n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO25534 Macropiper excelsum Species Piperaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO6565 Cymbopogon goeringii Species Poaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO6473.1 Perilla frutescens var. acuta Strain Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO12519 Asarum caulescens Species Aristolochiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO20107 Asarum forbesii Species Aristolochiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO12584 Atractylodes chinensis Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO29334 Oplopanax elatus Species Araliaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO20851 Croton nepetaefolius Species Euphorbiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO25825 Saussurea lappa Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO17724 Cinnamomum glanduliferum Species Lauraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO20107 Asarum forbesii Species Aristolochiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO12584 Atractylodes chinensis Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO28256 Platycladus orientalis Species Cupressaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO17724 Cinnamomum glanduliferum Species Lauraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO163 Daucus carota Species Apiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO28276 Artemisia argyi Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO6336 Asarum sieboldii Species Aristolochiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO16087 Atractylodes lancea Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO4368 Magnolia officinalis Species Magnoliaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO20851 Croton nepetaefolius Species Euphorbiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO12588 Cornus officinalis Species Cornaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO20553 Zingiber officinale Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO29334 Oplopanax elatus Species Araliaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO5681 Acorus gramineus Species Acoraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TM-MC]
NPO12584 Atractylodes chinensis Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TM-MC]
NPO20553 Zingiber officinale Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TM-MC]
NPO28276 Artemisia argyi Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TM-MC]
NPO28256 Platycladus orientalis Species Cupressaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TM-MC]
NPO25825 Saussurea lappa Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TM-MC]
NPO6336 Asarum sieboldii Species Aristolochiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TM-MC]
NPO16087 Atractylodes lancea Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TM-MC]
NPO12588 Cornus officinalis Species Cornaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TM-MC]
NPO4368 Magnolia officinalis Species Magnoliaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TM-MC]
NPO163 Daucus carota Species Apiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TM-MC]
NPO25534 Macropiper excelsum Species Piperaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO12519 Asarum caulescens Species Aristolochiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO28473 Piper banksii Species Piperaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO28256 Platycladus orientalis Species Cupressaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO12584 Atractylodes chinensis Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO29334 Oplopanax elatus Species Araliaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO6336 Asarum sieboldii Species Aristolochiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO6272 Chamaecyparis pisifera Species Cupressaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO4368 Magnolia officinalis Species Magnoliaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO25825 Saussurea lappa Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO16087 Atractylodes lancea Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO12588 Cornus officinalis Species Cornaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO163 Daucus carota Species Apiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO17724 Cinnamomum glanduliferum Species Lauraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO28276 Artemisia argyi Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]

☑ Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP source organism data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated them from below databases:
☉ UNPD: Universal Natural Products Database [PMID: 23638153].
☉ StreptomeDB: a database of streptomycetes natural products [PMID: 33051671].
☉ TM-MC: a database of medicinal materials and chemical compounds in Northeast Asian traditional medicine [PMID: 26156871].
☉ TCM@Taiwan: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 21253603].
☉ TCMID: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 29106634].
☉ TCMSP: The traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform [PMID: 24735618].
☉ HerDing: a herb recommendation system to treat diseases using genes and chemicals [PMID: 26980517].
☉ MetaboLights: a metabolomics database [PMID: 27010336].
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

  NP Quantity Composition/Concentration

Organism ID NP ID Organism Material Preparation Organism Part NP Quantity (Standard) NP Quantity (Minimum) NP Quantity (Maximum) Quantity Unit Reference

☑ Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP quantitative records for specific NP domains (e.g., NPS from foods or herbs) from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ DUKE: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases.
☉ PHENOL EXPLORER: is the first comprehensive database on polyphenol content in foods [PMID: 24103452], its homepage can be accessed at here.
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

  Biological Activity

Target ID Target Type Target Name Target Organism Activity Type Activity Relation Value Unit Reference

☑ Note for Activity Records:
☉ The quantitative biological activities were primarily integrated from ChEMBL (Version-30) database and were also directly collected from PubMed literature. PubMed PMID was provided as the reference link for each activity record.

  Chemically structural similarity: I. Similar Active Natural Products in NPASS

Top-200 similar NPs were calculated against the active-NP-set (includes 4,3285 NPs with experimentally-derived bioactivity available in NPASS)

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules. Tc lies between [0, 1] where '1' indicates the highest similarity. What is Tanimoto coefficient

●  The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC135836 and all remaining natural products in the NPASS database.
●  The right table: Most similar natural products (Tc>=0.56 or Top200).

Similarity Score Similarity Level Natural Product ID

  Chemically structural similarity: II. Similar Clinical/Approved Drugs

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules.

●  The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC135836 and all drugs/candidates.
●  The right table: Most similar clinical/approved drugs (Tc>=0.56 or Top200).

Similarity Score Similarity Level Drug ID Developmental Stage

  Bioactivity similarity: Similar Natural Products in NPASS

Bioactivity similarity was calculated based on bioactivity descriptors of compounds. The bioactivity descriptors were calculated by a recently developed AI algorithm Chemical Checker (CC) [Nature Biotechnology, 38:1087–1096, 2020; Nature Communications, 12:3932, 2021], which evaluated bioactivity similarities at five levels:
☉ A: chemistry similarity;
☉ B: biological targets similarity;
☉ C: networks similarity;
☉ D: cell-based bioactivity similarity;
☉ E: similarity based on clinical data.

Those 5 categories of CC bioactivity descriptors were calculated and then subjected to manifold projection using UMAP algorithm, to project all NPs on a 2-Dimensional space. The current NP was highlighted with a small circle in the 2-D map. Below figures: left-to-right, A-to-E.

A: chemistry similarity
B: biological targets similarity
C: networks similarity
D: cell-based bioactivity similarity
E: similarity based on clinical data