NPASS Compound

Natural Product: NPC112936

Natural Product ID	NPC112936
Common Name ? The InCHIKey will be temporarily assigned as the "Common Name" if no IUPAC name or alternative short name is available.	Desacetylcinobufotalin
IUPAC Name	n.a.
Synonyms	Desacetylcinobufotalin
Synthetic Gene Cluster	n.a.
ChEMBL Identifier	CHEMBL465444
PubChem CID	15513544
Chemical Classification	CHEMONTID:0000000 [Organic compounds] [CHEMONTID:0000012] Lipids and lipid-like molecules [CHEMONTID:0000258] Steroids and steroid derivatives [CHEMONTID:0001125] Steroid lactones [CHEMONTID:0001557] Bufanolides and derivatives

The Chemical Classification was calculated by Classyfire, a software for chemical taxonomy calculation. Reference: DOI:10.1186/s13321-016-0174-y.

Chemical Representations

RDKit 3D 62 67 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000 -6.3427 0.6562 0.3503 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.9536 0.8128 0.2235 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.3267 0.3445 1.4968 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.8445 0.2216 1.4569 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.3144 -0.4833 0.2327 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.9910 -0.0649 -1.0370 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.4764 -0.0867 -0.8794 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.6648 -1.0429 -2.0035 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.5767 1.2603 -1.5653 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.2711 1.7680 -1.0520 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.3441 0.6163 -0.8774 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.8362 -0.3385 0.2097 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.0715 -1.6159 0.0188 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.1616 -1.4905 -0.8019 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.9290 -0.2085 -0.6260 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.0563 0.9855 -0.5075 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.5408 2.2479 -0.5454 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.2859 1.7235 0.6900 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.2861 0.9581 1.4795 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.7671 -0.1975 0.6316 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.2169 -0.1420 0.3819 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.0238 -1.2089 0.7145 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.3936 -1.2037 0.5022 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.9054 -0.0429 -0.0727 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.1393 -0.0200 -0.2717 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.1159 0.9625 -0.3815 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.8322 0.9668 -0.1865 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.3406 1.7535 1.9211 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.7670 -0.0330 -1.8858 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.6335 -1.9638 0.4229 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.4836 -0.2970 0.5817 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.7755 1.8780 0.0455 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.5824 1.0915 2.2865 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.8279 -0.6036 1.8328 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.5443 -0.4258 2.3338 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.3558 1.1968 1.6489 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.9912 0.1392 -1.8324 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.7653 -1.1326 -0.5840 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.4463 -1.5419 -2.3073 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.3376 2.0745 -1.3877 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.5017 1.2148 -2.6918 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.8094 2.4330 -1.8398 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.3522 2.4152 -0.1563 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.3039 0.0602 -1.8365 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.4480 0.1114 1.1719 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2235 -2.0625 1.0079 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.7199 -2.3890 -0.4899 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.9059 -1.5815 -1.8888 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.8522 -2.3248 -0.5861 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.4358 2.2235 1.2349 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.7830 0.5690 2.3918 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.5405 -1.1586 1.1529 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.5663 -2.0985 1.1651 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.0122 -2.0452 0.7672 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.2562 1.8361 -0.4697 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.1351 2.2439 2.7399 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.2335 -0.5368 -2.7457 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.8075 1.0414 -2.2024 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.7435 -0.5061 -1.8289 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.6568 -2.0136 0.9000 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.9540 -2.4555 1.1291 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.7536 -2.4900 -0.5441 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 0 2 3 1 0 3 4 1 0 4 5 1 0 5 6 1 0 6 7 1 0 6 8 1 6 6 9 1 0 9 10 1 0 10 11 1 0 11 12 1 0 12 13 1 0 13 14 1 0 14 15 1 0 15 16 1 0 16 17 1 6 17 18 1 0 18 19 1 0 19 20 1 0 20 21 1 0 21 22 1 0 22 23 2 0 23 24 1 0 24 25 2 0 24 26 1 0 26 27 1 0 19 28 1 0 15 29 1 6 5 30 1 1 7 2 1 0 16 11 1 0 27 21 2 0 12 5 1 0 20 15 1 0 18 16 1 0 1 31 1 0 2 32 1 6 3 33 1 0 3 34 1 0 4 35 1 0 4 36 1 0 7 37 1 0 7 38 1 0 8 39 1 0 9 40 1 0 9 41 1 0 10 42 1 0 10 43 1 0 11 44 1 6 12 45 1 1 13 46 1 0 13 47 1 0 14 48 1 0 14 49 1 0 18 50 1 1 19 51 1 1 20 52 1 1 22 53 1 0 23 54 1 0 27 55 1 0 28 56 1 0 29 57 1 0 29 58 1 0 29 59 1 0 30 60 1 0 30 61 1 0 30 62 1 0 M END

Standard InCHIKey	FRYICJTUIXEEGK-NNWVIVGYSA-N
Standard InCHI	InChI=1S/C24H32O6/c1-21-8-5-14(25)11-23(21,28)10-7-16-15(21)6-9-22(2)18(13-3-4-17(26)29-12-13)19(27)20-24(16,22)30-20/h3-4,12,14-16,18-20,25,27-28H,5-11H2,1-2H3/t14-,15-,16+,18-,19+,20+,21+,22+,23-,24+/m0/s1
SMILES	O[C@H]1CC[C@]2([C@](C1)(O)CC[C@@H]1[C@@H]2CC[C@]2([C@]31O[C@@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H]2c1ccc(=O)oc1)O)C)C

Calculated Properties

Physi-Chem Properties

Molecular Weight:	416.22	Volume:	417.153 ? Van der Waals volume.
Dense:	0.998	LogP:	1.534 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficients.
logD7.4:	1.905 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficient at pH=7.4.	LogS:	-3.827 ? The logarithm of aqueous solubility value.
Rotatable Bonds:	1.0	Rigid Bonds:	29.0
TPSA:	103.43 ? Topological Polar Surface Area.	H-Bond Acceptor:	6.0
H-Bond Donor:	3.0	Rings:	6.0
Heavy Atoms:	6.0

MedChem Properties

QED Drug-Likeness Score:	0.607	GASA:	1.0 ? GASA represents the probability of being difficult to synthesize, ranging from 0 to 1.
Synthetic Accessibility Score:	5.378	Fsp³:	0.792
MCE-18:	182.047 ? MCE-18 stands for medicinal chemistry evolution.MCE-18≥45 is considered a suitable value.	Lipinski Rule-of-5:	Rejected
Pfizer Rule:	Rejected	GSK Rule:	Accepted
Golden Triangle Rule:	Rejected	BMS Rule:	0
Chelating Alert:	0	PAINS Alert:	0
Colloidal aggregators:	0.578	Fluc inhibitor:	0.005 ? The fluc inhibitor value is the probability of being fLuc inhibitors, within the range of 0 to 1.
Blue fluorescence:	0.508 ? The blue fluorescence value is the probability of being blue fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1	Green fluorescence:	0.0 ? The green fluorescence value is the probability of being green fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1
Reactive compounds:	0.05	Promiscuous compounds:	0.339

ADMET Properties (ADMETlab3.0)

ADMET: Absorption

Caco-2 Permeability:	-4.817	MDCK Permeability:	-4.864
Pgp-inhibitor:	0.003	Pgp-substrate:	0.278
PAMPA:	0.979 ? The experimental data for Peff was logarithmically transformed (logPeff). Molecules with log Peff values below 2.0 were classified as low-permeability (Category 0), while those with log Peff values exceeding 2.5 were classified as high-permeability (Category 1).	Human Intestinal Absorption (HIA):	0.001
20% Bioavailability (F20%):	0.985	30% Bioavailability (F30%):	0.885
50% Bioavailability (F50%):	0.984

ADMET: Distribution

Blood-Brain-Barrier Penetration (BBB):	0.001	MRP1:	0.987
Plasma Protein Binding (PPB):	92.028%	Volume Distribution (VD):	0.023
Fu:	8.136% ? The fraction unbound in plasms.	OATP1B1 inhibitor:	0.901
OATP1B3 inhibitor:	0.939	BCRP inhibitor:	0.001
BSEP inhibitor:	0.958

ADMET: Metabolism

CYP1A2-inhibitor:	0.0	CYP1A2-substrate:	0.0
CYP2C19-inhibitor:	0.0	CYP2C19-substrate:	0.0
CYP2C9-inhibitor:	0.007	CYP2C9-substrate:	0.001
CYP2D6-inhibitor:	0.0	CYP2D6-substrate:	0.004
CYP3A4-inhibitor:	0.14	CYP3A4-substrate:	0.37
CYP2B6-substrate:	0.0	CYP2C8-inhibitor:	0.729
HLM stability:	0.018 ? Human liver microsomal (HLM) stability. Category 0: stable+ (HLM > 30 min); Category 1: unstable- (HLM ≤ 30 min). The output value is the probability of human liver microsomal instability, where a value closer to 1 indicates a higher likelihood of instability.

ADMET: Excretion

Clearance (CL):

10.116

Half-life (T1/2):

3.251

ADMET: Toxicity

hERG Blockers:	0.055	hERG Blockers (10um):	0.224
Human Hepatotoxicity (H-HT):	0.402	Drug-induced Liver Injury (DILI):	0.079
AMES Toxicity:	0.587	Rat Oral Acute Toxicity:	0.706
Maximum Recommended Daily Dose:	0.968	Skin Sensitization:	0.936
Carcinogencity:	0.706	Eye Corrosion:	0.003
Eye Irritation:	0.354	Respiratory Toxicity:	0.915
Drug-induced Neurotoxicity:	0.237	Ototoxicity:	0.495
Hematotoxicity:	0.498	Drug-induced Nephrotoxicity:	0.905
Genotoxicity:	0.997	RPMI-8226 Immunitoxicity:	0.297
A549 Cytotoxicity:	0.248	Hek293 Cytotoxicity:	0.525
BCF:	0.425 ? Bioconcentration factors are used for considering secondary poisoning potential and assessing risks to human health via the food chain. The unit is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	IGC50:	3.097 ? 48 hour Tetrahymena pyriformis IGC50. The unit of IGC50 is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].
LC50DM:	4.562 ? 48 hour Daphnia magna LC50. The unit of LC50DM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	LC50FM:	3.751 ? 96 hour fathead minnow LC50. The unit of LC50FM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].

Species Source

Organism ID	Organism Name	Taxonomy Level	Family	SuperKingdom	Isolation Part	Collection Location	Collection Time	Reference
NPO12012	Saururus cernuus	Species	Saururaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	DOI[10.1016/S0040-4039(01)99818-1]
NPO19205	Buxus sempervirens	Species	Buxaceae	Eukaryota	roots	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[10346940]
NPO12012	Saururus cernuus	Species	Saururaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[11421725]
NPO33241	Bufo gargarizans	Species	Bufonidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[11575946]
NPO33241	Bufo gargarizans	Species	Bufonidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[12141860]
NPO12012	Saururus cernuus	Species	Saururaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[15165135]
NPO3983	Piper futokadsura	Species	Piperaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	aerial part	n.a.	PMID[15635246]
NPO223	Rhaponticum carthamoides	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[15730237]
NPO664	Potentilla multifida	Species	Rosaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[17504571]
NPO9576	Bufo bufo	Species	Bufonidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[21185919]
NPO11885	Dysoxylum lenticellatum	Species	Meliaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	twig	n.a.	PMID[21954912]
NPO11885	Dysoxylum lenticellatum	Species	Meliaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	leaf	n.a.	PMID[21954912]
NPO11885	Dysoxylum lenticellatum	Species	Meliaceae	Eukaryota	twigs and leaves	Yunnan Province, China	2008-OCT	PMID[21954912]
NPO10672	Vitex megapotamica	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	leaf	n.a.	PMID[22708620]
NPO11981	Bufo gargarizans	Species	Bufonidae	Eukaryota	venom	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[24050254]
NPO19205	Buxus sempervirens	Species	Buxaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[26722868]
NPO11981	Bufo gargarizans	Species	Bufonidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[28256122]
NPO18636	Cupressus macrocarpa	Species	Cupressaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[32223924]
NPO2917	Artemisia oranensis	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO223	Rhaponticum carthamoides	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO19205	Buxus sempervirens	Species	Buxaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO33241	Bufo gargarizans	Species	Bufonidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO8733	Duttaphrynus melanostictus	Species	Bufonidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO12012	Saururus cernuus	Species	Saururaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO2498	Kochia trichophylla	Species	Chenopodiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO10672	Vitex megapotamica	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO26231	Vicia villosa	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO12250	Strychnos fendleri	Species	Loganiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO11515	Streptomyces plumbeus	Species	Streptomycetaceae	Bacteria	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO664	Potentilla multifida	Species	Rosaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO6011	Pleurotus citrinopileatus	Species	Pleurotaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO3983	Piper futokadsura	Species	Piperaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO10043	Phebalium ozothamnoides	Species	Rutaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO6887	Lytanthus salicinus	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO5177	Lecanora conizaeoides	Species	Lecanoraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO7543	Haplopappus venetus	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO12735	Halimeda macroloba	Species	Halimedaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO4797	Gavia immer	Species	Gaviidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO11885	Dysoxylum lenticellatum	Species	Meliaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO18636	Cupressus macrocarpa	Species	Cupressaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO9398	Cortinarius rubellus	Species	Cortinariaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO7884	Centaurea amara	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO12952	Cabucala madagascariensis	Species	Apocynaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO9576	Bufo bufo	Species	Bufonidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO21463	Aruncus dioicus	Species	Rosaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO223	Rhaponticum carthamoides	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO12012	Saururus cernuus	Species	Saururaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO19205	Buxus sempervirens	Species	Buxaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO19205	Buxus sempervirens	Species	Buxaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO223	Rhaponticum carthamoides	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO11981	Bufo gargarizans	Species	Bufonidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO10672	Vitex megapotamica	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO12012	Saururus cernuus	Species	Saururaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO18636	Cupressus macrocarpa	Species	Cupressaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO8733	Duttaphrynus melanostictus	Species	Bufonidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO19205	Buxus sempervirens	Species	Buxaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO223	Rhaponticum carthamoides	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO9576	Bufo bufo	Species	Bufonidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO12012	Saururus cernuus	Species	Saururaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO10043	Phebalium ozothamnoides	Species	Rutaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO4797	Gavia immer	Species	Gaviidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO5177	Lecanora conizaeoides	Species	Lecanoraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO12250	Strychnos fendleri	Species	Loganiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO6011	Pleurotus citrinopileatus	Species	Pleurotaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO2917	Artemisia oranensis	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO11515	Streptomyces plumbeus	Species	Streptomycetaceae	Bacteria	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO7884	Centaurea amara	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO11885	Dysoxylum lenticellatum	Species	Meliaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO18636	Cupressus macrocarpa	Species	Cupressaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO11981	Bufo gargarizans	Species	Bufonidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO12012	Saururus cernuus	Species	Saururaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO2498	Kochia trichophylla	Species	Chenopodiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO6887	Lytanthus salicinus	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO12735	Halimeda macroloba	Species	Halimedaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO9398	Cortinarius rubellus	Species	Cortinariaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO19205	Buxus sempervirens	Species	Buxaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO21463	Aruncus dioicus	Species	Rosaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO664	Potentilla multifida	Species	Rosaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO26231	Vicia villosa	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO7543	Haplopappus venetus	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO3983	Piper futokadsura	Species	Piperaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO10672	Vitex megapotamica	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO12952	Cabucala madagascariensis	Species	Apocynaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO223	Rhaponticum carthamoides	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO8733	Duttaphrynus melanostictus	Species	Bufonidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO9576	Bufo bufo	Species	Bufonidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP source organism data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated them from below databases:
☉ UNPD: Universal Natural Products Database [PMID: 23638153].
☉ StreptomeDB: a database of streptomycetes natural products [PMID: 33051671].
☉ TM-MC: a database of medicinal materials and chemical compounds in Northeast Asian traditional medicine [PMID: 26156871].
☉ TCM@Taiwan: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 21253603].
☉ TCMID: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 29106634].
☉ TCMSP: The traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform [PMID: 24735618].
☉ HerDing: a herb recommendation system to treat diseases using genes and chemicals [PMID: 26980517].
☉ MetaboLights: a metabolomics database [PMID: 27010336].
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

NP Quantity Composition/Concentration

Organism ID	Organism Name	Organism Material Preparation	Organism Part	NP Quantity (Standard)	NP Quantity (Minimum)	NP Quantity (Maximum)	Quantity Unit	Reference

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP quantitative records for specific NP domains (e.g., NPS from foods or herbs) from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ DUKE: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases.
☉ PHENOL EXPLORER: is the first comprehensive database on polyphenol content in foods [PMID: 24103452], its homepage can be accessed at here.
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

Biological Activity

Activity Type	# Activity
IC50	5

Activity Type	# Activity
Cell line	3
Others	2

Molecular-level activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

In vitro activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference
NPT91	Cell line	KB	Homo sapiens	IC50	=	10.0	ug.mL-1	PMID[11575946]
NPT116	Cell line	HL-60	Homo sapiens	IC50	=	4.3	ug.mL-1	PMID[11575946]
NPT1366	Cell line	MH60	Mus musculus	IC50	>	25.0	ug.mL-1	PMID[11575946]
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	IC50	=	0.67	ug.mL-1	PMID[12459012]
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	IC50	=	0.64	ug.mL-1	PMID[12459012]

In vivo activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

Experimental ADME

Experiment Model	Experiment Tissue	ADME Type	ADME Relation	ADME Value	ADME Unit	Reference

Experimental Toxicity

Quantitative toxicity

Experiment Model	Experiment Organism	Toxicity Type	Toxicity Relation	Toxicity Value	Toxicity Unit	Reference

Common Abbreviations:
LC: Lethal Concentration; LD: Lethal Dose; LT:Lethal Time; NOAEL: No-observed-adverse-effect Level; BMDL: Benchmark Dose Lower Confidence Limit; BMD: Benchmark Dose; BMC:Benchmark Concentration; LOAEL: Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level; RfD:Reference Dose; RfC:Reference Concentration; MRL: Minimal Risk Level; MEG: Maximum Exposure Guideline; PAC: Protective Action Criteria

Categorical toxicity labels

Hepatotoxicity	Carcinogenicity	Mutagenicity	Cardiotoxicity	Respiratory Toxicity	Eye Irritation	Endocrine Disruption

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP toxicity records from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ ToxValDB: a curated database that compiles quantitative toxicity values for chemicals from diverse public sources to support toxicological research and risk assessment.
☉ TOXRIC: a comprehensive, free-to-access, online database providing toxicological/feature data. The toxicity labels are retrieved from this database. [PMID: 36400569]

Chemically structural similarity

Similar Active Natural Products in NPASS

Top-200 similar NPs were calculated against the active-NP-set (includes approximately 50,000 NPs with experimentally-derived bioactivity available in NPASS)

Similarity is measured using the Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) , which compares the binary fingerprints of two molecules. Tc is calculated as the intersection divided by the union of '1' bits in the fingerprints, ranging from 0 to 1, with 1 indicating highest similarity.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC112936 and all remaining natural products in the NPASS database.
● The right table: Most similar natural products (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	13876
0.1-0.2	35231
0.2-0.3	668
0.3-0.4	45
0.4-0.5	24
0.5-0.6	7
0.6-0.7	5
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	0
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Natural Product ID
0.7	Intermediate Similarity	NPC213761
0.6883	Remote Similarity	NPC185287
0.6709	Remote Similarity	NPC278681
0.6625	Remote Similarity	NPC159499
0.6163	Remote Similarity	NPC485878
0.6154	Remote Similarity	NPC606297
0.5949	Remote Similarity	NPC137462
0.5581	Remote Similarity	NPC44537
0.5556	Remote Similarity	NPC481623
0.5349	Remote Similarity	NPC607984
0.5294	Remote Similarity	NPC43063
0.5294	Remote Similarity	NPC79298
0.5172	Remote Similarity	NPC103491

Similar Clinical/Approved Drugs

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC112936 and all drugs/candidates.
● The right table: Most similar clinical/approved drugs (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	3957
0.1-0.2	5163
0.2-0.3	29
0.3-0.4	1
0.4-0.5	0
0.5-0.6	0
0.6-0.7	0
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	0
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Drug ID	Developmental Stage
		NPD

Bioactivity similarity

Similar Natural Products in NPASS

Similarity level is defined by Bioactivity similarity was calculated based on bioactivity descriptors of compounds. The bioactivity descriptors were calculated by a recently developed AI algorithm Chemical Checker (CC) [Nature Biotechnology, 38:1087–1096, 2020; Nature Communications, 12:3932, 2021], which evaluated bioactivity similarities at five levels:
☉ A: chemistry similarity;
☉ B: biological targets similarity;
☉ C: networks similarity;
☉ D: cell-based bioactivity similarity;
☉ E: similarity based on clinical data.
Those 5 categories of CC bioactivity descriptors were calculated and then subjected to manifold projection using UMAP algorithm, to project all NPs on a 2-Dimensional space. The current NP was highlighted with a small circle in the 2-D map. Below figures: left-to-right, A-to-E.

A: chemistry similarity

B: biological targets similarity

C: networks similarity

D: cell-based bioactivity similarity

E: similarity based on clinical data