Natural Product: NPC109816

Natural Product IDNPC109816
Common Name
?
The InCHIKey will be temporarily assigned as the "Common Name" if no IUPAC name or alternative short name is available.
NIABBGMPPWXWOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
IUPAC Name n.a.
Synonyms
Synthetic Gene Cluster n.a.
ChEMBL Identifier n.a.
PubChem CID n.a.
Chemical Classification
  • CHEMONTID:0000000 [Organic compounds]
    • [CHEMONTID:0000261] Phenylpropanoids and polyketides
      • [CHEMONTID:0000334] Flavonoids
        • [CHEMONTID:0001111] Flavonoid glycosides
          • [CHEMONTID:0001583] Flavonoid O-glycosides
            • [CHEMONTID:0003540] Flavonoid-8-O-glycosides

The Chemical Classification was calculated by Classyfire, a software for chemical taxonomy calculation. Reference: DOI:10.1186/s13321-016-0174-y.

  Chemical Representations

Standard InCHIKey NIABBGMPPWXWOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Standard InCHI InChI=1S/C26H28O16/c27-6-13-16(32)18(34)20(36)26(40-13)41-23-17(33)14-10(29)5-12(8-1-3-9(28)4-2-8)39-22(14)24(21(23)37)42-25-19(35)15(31)11(30)7-38-25/h1-5,11,13,15-16,18-20,25-28,30-37H,6-7H2
SMILES c1cc(ccc1c1cc(=O)c2c(c(c(c(c2o1)OC1C(C(C(CO1)O)O)O)O)OC1C(C(C(C(CO)O1)O)O)O)O)O

  Calculated Properties

Physi-Chem Properties

Molecular Weight:   596.14 Volume:   535.022
?
Van der Waals volume.
Dense:   1.114 LogP:   -1.336
?
The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficients.
logD7.4:   0.043
?
The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficient at pH=7.4.
LogS:   -3.111
?
The logarithm of aqueous solubility value.
Rotatable Bonds:   6.0 Rigid Bonds:   30.0
TPSA:   269.43
?
Topological Polar Surface Area.
H-Bond Acceptor:   16.0
H-Bond Donor:   10.0 Rings:   5.0
Heavy Atoms:   16.0

MedChem Properties

QED Drug-Likeness Score:   0.142 GASA:   1.0
?
GASA represents the probability of being difficult to synthesize, ranging from 0 to 1.
Synthetic Accessibility Score:   4.776 Fsp3:   0.423
MCE-18:   120.378
?
MCE-18 stands for medicinal chemistry evolution.MCE-18≥45 is considered a suitable value.
Lipinski Rule-of-5:   Accepted
Pfizer Rule:   Rejected GSK Rule:   Accepted
Golden Triangle Rule:   Accepted BMS Rule:   1
Chelating Alert:   1 PAINS Alert:   0
Colloidal aggregators:   0.172 Fluc inhibitor:   0.051
?
The fluc inhibitor value is the probability of being fLuc inhibitors, within the range of 0 to 1.
Blue fluorescence:   0.798
?
The blue fluorescence value is the probability of being blue fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1
Green fluorescence:   0.827
?
The green fluorescence value is the probability of being green fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1
Reactive compounds:   0.158 Promiscuous compounds:   0.427

ADMET Properties (ADMETlab3.0)

ADMET: Absorption

Caco-2 Permeability:   -6.37 MDCK Permeability:   -4.908
Pgp-inhibitor:   0.0 Pgp-substrate:   0.905
PAMPA:   1.0
?
The experimental data for Peff was logarithmically transformed (logPeff). Molecules with log Peff values below 2.0 were classified as low-permeability (Category 0), while those with log Peff values exceeding 2.5 were classified as high-permeability (Category 1).
Human Intestinal Absorption (HIA):   0.93
20% Bioavailability (F20%):   0.957 30% Bioavailability (F30%):   0.998
50% Bioavailability (F50%):   0.999

ADMET: Distribution

Blood-Brain-Barrier Penetration (BBB):   0.001 MRP1:   0.793
Plasma Protein Binding (PPB):   79.188% Volume Distribution (VD):   -0.034
Fu: 20.368%
?
The fraction unbound in plasms.
OATP1B1 inhibitor:   0.001
OATP1B3 inhibitor:   0.542 BCRP inhibitor:   0.053
BSEP inhibitor:   0.001

ADMET: Metabolism

CYP1A2-inhibitor:   0.0 CYP1A2-substrate:   0.0
CYP2C19-inhibitor:   0.0 CYP2C19-substrate:   0.0
CYP2C9-inhibitor:   0.84 CYP2C9-substrate:   0.0
CYP2D6-inhibitor:   0.0 CYP2D6-substrate:   0.0
CYP3A4-inhibitor:   0.0 CYP3A4-substrate:   0.0
CYP2B6-substrate:   0.0 CYP2C8-inhibitor:   0.961
HLM stability:   0.001
?
Human liver microsomal (HLM) stability. Category 0: stable+ (HLM > 30 min); Category 1: unstable- (HLM ≤ 30 min). The output value is the probability of human liver microsomal instability, where a value closer to 1 indicates a higher likelihood of instability.

ADMET: Excretion

Clearance (CL):  1.974 Half-life (T1/2):  3.724

ADMET: Toxicity

hERG Blockers:  0.038 hERG Blockers (10um):  0.365
Human Hepatotoxicity (H-HT):  0.47 Drug-induced Liver Injury (DILI):  0.585
AMES Toxicity:  0.462 Rat Oral Acute Toxicity:  0.186
Maximum Recommended Daily Dose:  0.318 Skin Sensitization:  0.113
Carcinogencity:  0.076 Eye Corrosion:  0.0
Eye Irritation:  0.01 Respiratory Toxicity:  0.009
Drug-induced Neurotoxicity:  0.063 Ototoxicity:  0.989
Hematotoxicity:  0.018 Drug-induced Nephrotoxicity:  0.048
Genotoxicity:  0.542 RPMI-8226 Immunitoxicity:  0.048
A549 Cytotoxicity:  0.081 Hek293 Cytotoxicity:  0.776
BCF:   0.271
?
Bioconcentration factors are used for considering secondary poisoning potential and assessing risks to human health via the food chain. The unit is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].
IGC50:   2.594
?
48 hour Tetrahymena pyriformis IGC50. The unit of IGC50 is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].
LC50DM:   4.51
?
48 hour Daphnia magna LC50. The unit of LC50DM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].
LC50FM:   3.422
?
96 hour fathead minnow LC50. The unit of LC50FM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].

  Species Source

Organism ID Organism Name Taxonomy Level Family SuperKingdom Isolation Part Collection Location Collection Time Reference
NPO7154 Glycyrrhiza uralensis Species Fabaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. DOI[10.1007/s11164-015-2099-x]
NPO8541 Oryza sativa Species Poaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. DOI[10.1007/s11356-018-3422-z]
NPO29384 Glycyrrhiza glabra Species Fabaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. DOI[10.1007/s40502-015-0143-x]
NPO29384 Glycyrrhiza glabra Species Fabaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. DOI[10.1093/pcp/pcg054]
NPO29384 Glycyrrhiza glabra Species Fabaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. DOI[10.1134/S1021443709050069]
NPO7154 Glycyrrhiza uralensis Species Fabaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. DOI[10.1134/S1021443711030101]
NPO29384 Glycyrrhiza glabra Species Fabaceae Eukaryota Leaves n.a. n.a. PMID[12713396]
NPO8541 Oryza sativa Species Poaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[15516765]
NPO7154 Glycyrrhiza uralensis Species Fabaceae Eukaryota n.a. root n.a. PMID[16441081]
NPO7154 Glycyrrhiza uralensis Species Fabaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[16675659]
NPO29384 Glycyrrhiza glabra Species Fabaceae Eukaryota roots n.a. n.a. PMID[20022509]
NPO8541 Oryza sativa Species Poaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[20973550]
NPO1698 Glycyrrhiza inflata Species Fabaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[21123068]
NPO29384 Glycyrrhiza glabra Species Fabaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[21866899]
NPO7154 Glycyrrhiza uralensis Species Fabaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[22074222]
NPO7154 Glycyrrhiza uralensis Species Fabaceae Eukaryota n.a. root n.a. PMID[22074222]
NPO29384 Glycyrrhiza glabra Species Fabaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[23325115]
NPO29384 Glycyrrhiza glabra Species Fabaceae Eukaryota Roots n.a. n.a. PMID[23541646]
NPO8541 Oryza sativa Species Poaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[23700450]
NPO8541 Oryza sativa Species Poaceae Eukaryota n.a. leaf n.a. PMID[23849114]
NPO7154 Glycyrrhiza uralensis Species Fabaceae Eukaryota n.a. rhizome n.a. PMID[23867078]
NPO7154 Glycyrrhiza uralensis Species Fabaceae Eukaryota n.a. root n.a. PMID[23867078]
NPO8541 Oryza sativa Species Poaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[24310066]
NPO7154 Glycyrrhiza uralensis Species Fabaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[24479468]
NPO7154 Glycyrrhiza uralensis Species Fabaceae Eukaryota roots n.a. n.a. PMID[24957203]
NPO8541 Oryza sativa Species Poaceae Eukaryota n.a. seed n.a. PMID[25433632]
NPO7154 Glycyrrhiza uralensis Species Fabaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[25445757]
NPO7154 Glycyrrhiza uralensis Species Fabaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[25744461]
NPO7154 Glycyrrhiza uralensis Species Fabaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[26841168]
NPO8541 Oryza sativa Species Poaceae Eukaryota n.a. seed n.a. PMID[26860358]
NPO29384 Glycyrrhiza glabra Species Fabaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[28140583]
NPO1698 Glycyrrhiza inflata Species Fabaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[28522265]
NPO1698 Glycyrrhiza inflata Species Fabaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[29641206]
NPO8541 Oryza sativa Species Poaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. PMID[31861466]
NPO7154 Glycyrrhiza uralensis Species Fabaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[32196343]
NPO8541 Oryza sativa Species Poaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[38792127]
NPO29384 Glycyrrhiza glabra Species Fabaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[39683057]
NPO29384 Glycyrrhiza glabra Species Fabaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[7381508]
NPO8541 Oryza sativa Species Poaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO7154 Glycyrrhiza uralensis Species Fabaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO1698 Glycyrrhiza inflata Species Fabaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO29384 Glycyrrhiza glabra Species Fabaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO24613 Arisaema consanguineum Species Araceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO24715 Arisaema heterophyllum Species Araceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO8541 Oryza sativa Species Poaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO8541 Oryza sativa Species Poaceae Eukaryota Leaf n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO8541 Oryza sativa Species Poaceae Eukaryota Petiole n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO8541 Oryza sativa Species Poaceae Eukaryota Plant n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO8541 Oryza sativa Species Poaceae Eukaryota Protoplast n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO8541 Oryza sativa Species Poaceae Eukaryota Seed n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO8541 Oryza sativa Species Poaceae Eukaryota Shoot n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO8541 Oryza sativa Species Poaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO7154 Glycyrrhiza uralensis Species Fabaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO1698 Glycyrrhiza inflata Species Fabaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO24613 Arisaema consanguineum Species Araceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO8541 Oryza sativa Species Poaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO29384 Glycyrrhiza glabra Species Fabaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO8541 Oryza sativa Species Poaceae Eukaryota n.a. seed n.a. Database[MetaboLights]
NPO8541 Oryza sativa Species Poaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. Database[Phenol-Explorer]
NPO24715 Arisaema heterophyllum Species Araceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO7154 Glycyrrhiza uralensis Species Fabaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO15711 Radix glycyrrhizae preparata Species Lymnaeidae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO29384 Glycyrrhiza glabra Species Fabaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO8541 Oryza sativa Species Poaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO24613 Arisaema consanguineum Species Araceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO1698 Glycyrrhiza inflata Species Fabaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO8180 Radix glycyrrhizae praeparata Species Lymnaeidae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO15161.1 Isodon lophanthoides var. gerardiana Varieties Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO24613 Arisaema consanguineum Species Araceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO8541 Oryza sativa Species Poaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO1698 Glycyrrhiza inflata Species Fabaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO29384 Glycyrrhiza glabra Species Fabaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO7154 Glycyrrhiza uralensis Species Fabaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO29384 Glycyrrhiza glabra Species Fabaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TM-MC]
NPO1698 Glycyrrhiza inflata Species Fabaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TM-MC]
NPO8541 Oryza sativa Species Poaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TM-MC]
NPO7154 Glycyrrhiza uralensis Species Fabaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TM-MC]
NPO24715 Arisaema heterophyllum Species Araceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TM-MC]
NPO1698 Glycyrrhiza inflata Species Fabaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO7154 Glycyrrhiza uralensis Species Fabaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO29384 Glycyrrhiza glabra Species Fabaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO8541 Oryza sativa Species Poaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP source organism data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated them from below databases:
UNPD: Universal Natural Products Database [PMID: 23638153].
StreptomeDB: a database of streptomycetes natural products [PMID: 33051671].
TM-MC: a database of medicinal materials and chemical compounds in Northeast Asian traditional medicine [PMID: 26156871].
TCM@Taiwan: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 21253603].
TCMID: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 29106634].
TCMSP: The traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform [PMID: 24735618].
HerDing: a herb recommendation system to treat diseases using genes and chemicals [PMID: 26980517].
MetaboLights: a metabolomics database [PMID: 27010336].
FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].



  NP Quantity Composition/Concentration

Organism ID Organism Name Organism Material Preparation Organism Part NP Quantity (Standard) NP Quantity (Minimum) NP Quantity (Maximum) Quantity Unit Reference

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP quantitative records for specific NP domains (e.g., NPS from foods or herbs) from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
DUKE: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases.
PHENOL EXPLORER: is the first comprehensive database on polyphenol content in foods [PMID: 24103452], its homepage can be accessed at here.
FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].



 Biological Activity

Molecular-level activity

Target ID Target Type Target Name Target Organism Activity Type Activity Relation Value Unit Reference

In vitro activity

Target ID Target Type Target Name Target Organism Activity Type Activity Relation Value Unit Reference

In vivo activity

Target ID Target Type Target Name Target Organism Activity Type Activity Relation Value Unit Reference





 Experimental ADME

Experiment Model Experiment Tissue ADME Type ADME Relation ADME Value ADME Unit Reference





 Experimental Toxicity

Quantitative toxicity

Experiment Model Experiment Organism Toxicity Type Toxicity Relation Toxicity Value Toxicity Unit Reference

Common Abbreviations:
LC: Lethal Concentration; LD: Lethal Dose; LT:Lethal Time; NOAEL: No-observed-adverse-effect Level; BMDL: Benchmark Dose Lower Confidence Limit; BMD: Benchmark Dose; BMC:Benchmark Concentration; LOAEL: Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level; RfD:Reference Dose; RfC:Reference Concentration; MRL: Minimal Risk Level; MEG: Maximum Exposure Guideline; PAC: Protective Action Criteria

Categorical toxicity labels

Hepatotoxicity Carcinogenicity Mutagenicity Cardiotoxicity Respiratory Toxicity Eye Irritation Endocrine Disruption
Hepatotoxicity Carcinogenicity Mutagenicity Cardiotoxicity Respiratory Toxicity Eye Irritation Endocrine Disruption

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP toxicity records from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
ToxValDB: a curated database that compiles quantitative toxicity values for chemicals from diverse public sources to support toxicological research and risk assessment.
TOXRIC: a comprehensive, free-to-access, online database providing toxicological/feature data. The toxicity labels are retrieved from this database. [PMID: 36400569]


  Chemically structural similarity

Similar Active Natural Products in NPASS

Top-200 similar NPs were calculated against the active-NP-set (includes approximately 50,000 NPs with experimentally-derived bioactivity available in NPASS)

Similarity is measured using the Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) , which compares the binary fingerprints of two molecules. Tc is calculated as the intersection divided by the union of '1' bits in the fingerprints, ranging from 0 to 1, with 1 indicating highest similarity.

●  The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC109816 and all remaining natural products in the NPASS database.
●  The right table: Most similar natural products (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

Similarity Score Similarity Level Natural Product ID
0.9028 High Similarity NPC259152
0.6667 Remote Similarity NPC472607
0.631 Remote Similarity NPC93337
0.6235 Remote Similarity NPC105025
0.619 Remote Similarity NPC39360
0.619 Remote Similarity NPC29763
0.619 Remote Similarity NPC210003
0.6118 Remote Similarity NPC146792
0.6 Remote Similarity NPC83283
0.5977 Remote Similarity NPC198324
0.5862 Remote Similarity NPC610763
0.5747 Remote Similarity NPC8573
0.5556 Remote Similarity NPC168584
0.5506 Remote Similarity NPC45638
0.5455 Remote Similarity NPC58053
0.5455 Remote Similarity NPC143851
0.5444 Remote Similarity NPC201292
0.5417 Remote Similarity NPC473512
0.5417 Remote Similarity NPC129827
0.5395 Remote Similarity NPC275836
0.5393 Remote Similarity NPC189142
0.5393 Remote Similarity NPC77660
0.5333 Remote Similarity NPC186807
0.5333 Remote Similarity NPC58716
0.5333 Remote Similarity NPC488080
0.5333 Remote Similarity NPC169977
0.5326 Remote Similarity NPC601710
0.5281 Remote Similarity NPC45618
0.5269 Remote Similarity NPC602805
0.5222 Remote Similarity NPC282987
0.5222 Remote Similarity NPC95090
0.5222 Remote Similarity NPC27408
0.5169 Remote Similarity NPC331652
0.5165 Remote Similarity NPC24043
0.5165 Remote Similarity NPC472385
0.5161 Remote Similarity NPC601144
0.5158 Remote Similarity NPC172807
0.5155 Remote Similarity NPC47923
0.5111 Remote Similarity NPC261866
0.5111 Remote Similarity NPC77672
0.5111 Remote Similarity NPC133671
0.5111 Remote Similarity NPC135391
0.5111 Remote Similarity NPC78263
0.5111 Remote Similarity NPC250069
0.5109 Remote Similarity NPC27942
0.5106 Remote Similarity NPC311830
0.5055 Remote Similarity NPC297987
0.5055 Remote Similarity NPC168822
0.5055 Remote Similarity NPC323593
0.5055 Remote Similarity NPC203500
0.5054 Remote Similarity NPC191306
0.5054 Remote Similarity NPC210094
0.5054 Remote Similarity NPC609451
0.5052 Remote Similarity NPC603300

Similar Clinical/Approved Drugs

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules.

●  The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC109816 and all drugs/candidates.
●  The right table: Most similar clinical/approved drugs (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

Similarity Score Similarity Level Drug ID Developmental Stage
NPD

Bioactivity similarity

  Bioactivity similarity

Similar Natural Products in NPASS

Similarity level is defined by Bioactivity similarity was calculated based on bioactivity descriptors of compounds. The bioactivity descriptors were calculated by a recently developed AI algorithm Chemical Checker (CC) [Nature Biotechnology, 38:1087–1096, 2020; Nature Communications, 12:3932, 2021], which evaluated bioactivity similarities at five levels:
A: chemistry similarity;
B: biological targets similarity;
C: networks similarity;
D: cell-based bioactivity similarity;
E: similarity based on clinical data.
Those 5 categories of CC bioactivity descriptors were calculated and then subjected to manifold projection using UMAP algorithm, to project all NPs on a 2-Dimensional space. The current NP was highlighted with a small circle in the 2-D map. Below figures: left-to-right, A-to-E.

A: chemistry similarity
B: biological targets similarity
C: networks similarity
D: cell-based bioactivity similarity
E: similarity based on clinical data