NPASS Compound

Natural Product: NPC9933

Natural Product ID	NPC9933
Common Name ? The InCHIKey will be temporarily assigned as the "Common Name" if no IUPAC name or alternative short name is available.	(2S,3R,4R)-3Alpha-[(Beta-D-Glucopyranosyl)Oxy]Lyoniresinol
IUPAC Name	(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[[(1R,2R,3S)-7-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-6,8-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl]methoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
Synonyms
Synthetic Gene Cluster	n.a.
ChEMBL Identifier	CHEMBL1813179
PubChem CID	44178645
Chemical Classification	CHEMONTID:0000000 [Organic compounds] [CHEMONTID:0001392] Lignans, neolignans and related compounds [CHEMONTID:0001511] Lignan glycosides

The Chemical Classification was calculated by Classyfire, a software for chemical taxonomy calculation. Reference: DOI:10.1186/s13321-016-0174-y.

Chemical Representations

RDKit 3D 79 82 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000 2.3400 -0.0693 -3.7459 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.9679 0.0391 -2.3719 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.5897 0.6311 -2.3416 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.3370 -0.3193 -3.0697 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.3530 -0.9539 -2.2038 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.7632 -2.2388 -2.4668 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.7258 -2.8402 -1.6737 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.1311 -4.1532 -1.9586 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.5251 -4.7994 -3.0563 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.2633 -2.1471 -0.6299 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.8574 -0.8602 -0.3604 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.9202 -0.2553 -1.1205 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.3741 1.0972 -0.9970 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1532 0.9202 -0.9453 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.5890 -0.1561 -0.0120 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.9681 -0.3304 0.0802 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.1933 -1.3578 1.0232 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.8711 -0.8215 2.1125 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.2331 -0.8901 2.0122 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.8047 0.3548 2.7032 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.1966 0.2517 2.5816 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.7270 -0.8375 0.5847 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.3074 -2.1351 -0.0737 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.9144 -2.4851 0.3720 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.9233 -3.6066 1.2343 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.4655 -2.0237 -1.4313 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.1135 -0.7604 0.5747 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.8993 1.9810 0.0075 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.2208 2.4067 -0.1170 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.8439 3.2562 0.7452 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.1741 3.6557 0.5784 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.9590 3.2047 -0.4966 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.1090 3.7280 1.8204 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.7958 3.3402 1.9940 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.2121 2.4782 1.0917 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.0940 3.8497 3.1045 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2460 3.4319 3.2503 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.7151 4.6080 2.7356 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.4297 -0.2090 0.6941 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.9783 -0.2548 2.0254 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.2260 -2.8018 0.1315 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.9728 0.7589 -4.1547 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.7558 0.6177 -1.8903 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.9768 -1.0186 -2.0153 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.6176 1.6192 -2.8929 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2417 -1.1377 -3.5821 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.8729 0.2714 -3.8495 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.3329 -2.8033 -3.3078 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.6283 -4.2301 -3.9972 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.4771 -5.0705 -2.8332 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.0746 -5.7758 -3.1786 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.5890 1.5851 -2.0054 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.6176 1.9088 -0.6472 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1825 -0.0839 1.0198 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2213 -1.1780 -0.3475 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.2345 -1.7468 1.4277 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.6799 -1.7579 2.5601 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.4075 1.2340 2.1411 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.5279 0.3861 3.7717 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.6261 1.0701 2.9198 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.2776 0.0386 0.0961 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.9929 -2.9208 0.3219 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.3441 -2.8209 -0.5129 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.8350 -3.7896 1.5778 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.5626 -1.0622 -1.6824 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.4503 -0.3303 -0.2516 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.8169 2.0419 -0.9633 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.8758 3.8370 -0.5896 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.4031 3.2091 -1.4719 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.3120 2.1736 -0.2927 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.2011 2.2142 1.2604 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.7672 3.9577 4.0613 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.8439 3.6103 2.3193 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.3321 2.3432 3.4496 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.0973 5.1693 3.3061 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.8965 -0.4660 2.0536 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.1029 0.7830 2.4534 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.5626 -0.9799 2.6394 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.9212 -3.5845 0.7016 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 0 2 3 1 0 3 4 1 0 4 5 1 0 5 6 2 0 6 7 1 0 7 8 1 0 8 9 1 0 7 10 2 0 10 11 1 0 11 12 2 0 12 13 1 0 13 14 1 0 14 15 1 0 15 16 1 0 16 17 1 0 17 18 1 0 18 19 1 0 19 20 1 0 20 21 1 0 19 22 1 0 22 23 1 0 23 24 1 0 24 25 1 0 23 26 1 0 22 27 1 0 13 28 1 0 28 29 2 0 29 30 1 0 30 31 1 0 31 32 1 0 30 33 2 0 33 34 1 0 34 35 2 0 34 36 1 0 36 37 1 0 33 38 1 0 11 39 1 0 39 40 1 0 10 41 1 0 14 3 1 0 24 17 1 0 35 28 1 0 12 5 1 0 1 42 1 0 2 43 1 0 2 44 1 0 3 45 1 6 4 46 1 0 4 47 1 0 6 48 1 0 9 49 1 0 9 50 1 0 9 51 1 0 13 52 1 6 14 53 1 1 15 54 1 0 15 55 1 0 17 56 1 1 19 57 1 1 20 58 1 0 20 59 1 0 21 60 1 0 22 61 1 6 23 62 1 1 24 63 1 6 25 64 1 0 26 65 1 0 27 66 1 0 29 67 1 0 32 68 1 0 32 69 1 0 32 70 1 0 35 71 1 0 37 72 1 0 37 73 1 0 37 74 1 0 38 75 1 0 40 76 1 0 40 77 1 0 40 78 1 0 41 79 1 0 M END

Standard InCHIKey	PQQRNPDHSJDAGV-OMSDARFTSA-N
Standard InCHI	InChI=1S/C28H38O13/c1-36-16-7-13(8-17(37-2)22(16)31)20-15(11-40-28-26(35)25(34)23(32)19(10-30)41-28)14(9-29)5-12-6-18(38-3)24(33)27(39-4)21(12)20/h6-8,14-15,19-20,23,25-26,28-35H,5,9-11H2,1-4H3/t14-,15+,19-,20+,23-,25+,26-,28-/m1/s1
SMILES	OC[C@H]1Cc2cc(OC)c(c(c2[C@H]([C@H]1CO[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1O)O)O)c1cc(OC)c(c(c1)OC)O)OC)O

Calculated Properties

Physi-Chem Properties

Molecular Weight:	582.23	Volume:	557.072 ? Van der Waals volume.
Dense:	1.045	LogP:	0.219 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficients.
logD7.4:	0.753 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficient at pH=7.4.	LogS:	-2.279 ? The logarithm of aqueous solubility value.
Rotatable Bonds:	10.0	Rigid Bonds:	23.0
TPSA:	196.99 ? Topological Polar Surface Area.	H-Bond Acceptor:	13.0
H-Bond Donor:	7.0	Rings:	4.0
Heavy Atoms:	13.0

MedChem Properties

QED Drug-Likeness Score:	0.196	GASA:	1.0 ? GASA represents the probability of being difficult to synthesize, ranging from 0 to 1.
Synthetic Accessibility Score:	4.6	Fsp³:	0.571
MCE-18:	98.864 ? MCE-18 stands for medicinal chemistry evolution.MCE-18≥45 is considered a suitable value.	Lipinski Rule-of-5:	Accepted
Pfizer Rule:	Rejected	GSK Rule:	Accepted
Golden Triangle Rule:	Accepted	BMS Rule:	0
Chelating Alert:	1	PAINS Alert:	0
Colloidal aggregators:	0.492	Fluc inhibitor:	0.092 ? The fluc inhibitor value is the probability of being fLuc inhibitors, within the range of 0 to 1.
Blue fluorescence:	0.063 ? The blue fluorescence value is the probability of being blue fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1	Green fluorescence:	0.247 ? The green fluorescence value is the probability of being green fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1
Reactive compounds:	0.053	Promiscuous compounds:	0.135

ADMET Properties (ADMETlab3.0)

ADMET: Absorption

Caco-2 Permeability:	-5.975	MDCK Permeability:	-5.367
Pgp-inhibitor:	0.001	Pgp-substrate:	0.919
PAMPA:	0.087 ? The experimental data for Peff was logarithmically transformed (logPeff). Molecules with log Peff values below 2.0 were classified as low-permeability (Category 0), while those with log Peff values exceeding 2.5 were classified as high-permeability (Category 1).	Human Intestinal Absorption (HIA):	0.601
20% Bioavailability (F20%):	0.738	30% Bioavailability (F30%):	0.978
50% Bioavailability (F50%):	0.999

ADMET: Distribution

Blood-Brain-Barrier Penetration (BBB):	0.044	MRP1:	0.955
Plasma Protein Binding (PPB):	84.803%	Volume Distribution (VD):	-0.365
Fu:	17.821% ? The fraction unbound in plasms.	OATP1B1 inhibitor:	0.999
OATP1B3 inhibitor:	0.998	BCRP inhibitor:	0.282
BSEP inhibitor:	0.001

ADMET: Metabolism

CYP1A2-inhibitor:	0.044	CYP1A2-substrate:	0.0
CYP2C19-inhibitor:	1.0	CYP2C19-substrate:	0.005
CYP2C9-inhibitor:	0.048	CYP2C9-substrate:	0.0
CYP2D6-inhibitor:	0.0	CYP2D6-substrate:	0.044
CYP3A4-inhibitor:	0.927	CYP3A4-substrate:	0.169
CYP2B6-substrate:	0.0	CYP2C8-inhibitor:	0.987
HLM stability:	0.729 ? Human liver microsomal (HLM) stability. Category 0: stable+ (HLM > 30 min); Category 1: unstable- (HLM ≤ 30 min). The output value is the probability of human liver microsomal instability, where a value closer to 1 indicates a higher likelihood of instability.

ADMET: Excretion

Clearance (CL):

2.573

Half-life (T1/2):

3.444

ADMET: Toxicity

hERG Blockers:	0.038	hERG Blockers (10um):	0.091
Human Hepatotoxicity (H-HT):	0.738	Drug-induced Liver Injury (DILI):	0.709
AMES Toxicity:	0.72	Rat Oral Acute Toxicity:	0.059
Maximum Recommended Daily Dose:	0.074	Skin Sensitization:	0.993
Carcinogencity:	0.41	Eye Corrosion:	0.0
Eye Irritation:	0.011	Respiratory Toxicity:	0.119
Drug-induced Neurotoxicity:	0.133	Ototoxicity:	0.985
Hematotoxicity:	0.746	Drug-induced Nephrotoxicity:	0.887
Genotoxicity:	0.17	RPMI-8226 Immunitoxicity:	0.348
A549 Cytotoxicity:	0.94	Hek293 Cytotoxicity:	0.755
BCF:	0.507 ? Bioconcentration factors are used for considering secondary poisoning potential and assessing risks to human health via the food chain. The unit is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	IGC50:	3.067 ? 48 hour Tetrahymena pyriformis IGC50. The unit of IGC50 is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].
LC50DM:	4.677 ? 48 hour Daphnia magna LC50. The unit of LC50DM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	LC50FM:	3.727 ? 96 hour fathead minnow LC50. The unit of LC50FM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].

Species Source

Organism ID	Organism Name	Taxonomy Level	Family	SuperKingdom	Isolation Part	Collection Location	Collection Time	Reference
NPO1338	Arcangelisia gusanlung	Species	Menispermaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	stem	n.a.	PMID[21500777]
NPO1338	Arcangelisia gusanlung	Species	Menispermaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO1338	Arcangelisia gusanlung	Species	Menispermaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP source organism data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated them from below databases:
☉ UNPD: Universal Natural Products Database [PMID: 23638153].
☉ StreptomeDB: a database of streptomycetes natural products [PMID: 33051671].
☉ TM-MC: a database of medicinal materials and chemical compounds in Northeast Asian traditional medicine [PMID: 26156871].
☉ TCM@Taiwan: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 21253603].
☉ TCMID: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 29106634].
☉ TCMSP: The traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform [PMID: 24735618].
☉ HerDing: a herb recommendation system to treat diseases using genes and chemicals [PMID: 26980517].
☉ MetaboLights: a metabolomics database [PMID: 27010336].
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

NP Quantity Composition/Concentration

Organism ID	Organism Name	Organism Material Preparation	Organism Part	NP Quantity (Standard)	NP Quantity (Minimum)	NP Quantity (Maximum)	Quantity Unit	Reference

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP quantitative records for specific NP domains (e.g., NPS from foods or herbs) from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ DUKE: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases.
☉ PHENOL EXPLORER: is the first comprehensive database on polyphenol content in foods [PMID: 24103452], its homepage can be accessed at here.
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

Biological Activity

Activity Type	# Activity
IC50	1

Activity Type	# Activity
Individual protein	1

Molecular-level activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference
NPT43	Individual protein	Tyrosinase	Agaricus bisporus	IC50	>	1000000.0	nM	PMID[21500777]

In vitro activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

In vivo activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

Experimental ADME

Experiment Model	Experiment Tissue	ADME Type	ADME Relation	ADME Value	ADME Unit	Reference

Experimental Toxicity

Quantitative toxicity

Experiment Model	Experiment Organism	Toxicity Type	Toxicity Relation	Toxicity Value	Toxicity Unit	Reference

Common Abbreviations:
LC: Lethal Concentration; LD: Lethal Dose; LT:Lethal Time; NOAEL: No-observed-adverse-effect Level; BMDL: Benchmark Dose Lower Confidence Limit; BMD: Benchmark Dose; BMC:Benchmark Concentration; LOAEL: Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level; RfD:Reference Dose; RfC:Reference Concentration; MRL: Minimal Risk Level; MEG: Maximum Exposure Guideline; PAC: Protective Action Criteria

Categorical toxicity labels

Hepatotoxicity	Carcinogenicity	Mutagenicity	Cardiotoxicity	Respiratory Toxicity	Eye Irritation	Endocrine Disruption

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP toxicity records from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ ToxValDB: a curated database that compiles quantitative toxicity values for chemicals from diverse public sources to support toxicological research and risk assessment.
☉ TOXRIC: a comprehensive, free-to-access, online database providing toxicological/feature data. The toxicity labels are retrieved from this database. [PMID: 36400569]

Chemically structural similarity

Similar Active Natural Products in NPASS

Top-200 similar NPs were calculated against the active-NP-set (includes approximately 50,000 NPs with experimentally-derived bioactivity available in NPASS)

Similarity is measured using the Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) , which compares the binary fingerprints of two molecules. Tc is calculated as the intersection divided by the union of '1' bits in the fingerprints, ranging from 0 to 1, with 1 indicating highest similarity.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC9933 and all remaining natural products in the NPASS database.
● The right table: Most similar natural products (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	19311
0.1-0.2	26033
0.2-0.3	3944
0.3-0.4	505
0.4-0.5	36
0.5-0.6	13
0.6-0.7	4
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	0
0.85-0.9	2
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	6

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Natural Product ID
1.0	High Similarity	NPC185955
1.0	High Similarity	NPC145979
1.0	High Similarity	NPC469706
1.0	High Similarity	NPC218041
1.0	High Similarity	NPC214326
1.0	High Similarity	NPC260781
0.8657	High Similarity	NPC225815
0.8657	High Similarity	NPC602887
0.7971	Intermediate Similarity	NPC90208
0.7941	Intermediate Similarity	NPC182368
0.7941	Intermediate Similarity	NPC606312
0.7067	Intermediate Similarity	NPC272619
0.6582	Remote Similarity	NPC171893
0.6582	Remote Similarity	NPC278820
0.6429	Remote Similarity	NPC5262
0.6125	Remote Similarity	NPC286245
0.5758	Remote Similarity	NPC230124
0.5758	Remote Similarity	NPC6300
0.5758	Remote Similarity	NPC114171
0.5541	Remote Similarity	NPC278961
0.5541	Remote Similarity	NPC113680
0.5513	Remote Similarity	NPC606627
0.5467	Remote Similarity	NPC472714
0.5432	Remote Similarity	NPC471065
0.5432	Remote Similarity	NPC604724
0.5395	Remote Similarity	NPC118385
0.5217	Remote Similarity	NPC470270
0.5139	Remote Similarity	NPC184613
0.5068	Remote Similarity	NPC132895

Similar Clinical/Approved Drugs

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC9933 and all drugs/candidates.
● The right table: Most similar clinical/approved drugs (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	5416
0.1-0.2	3644
0.2-0.3	84
0.3-0.4	6
0.4-0.5	0
0.5-0.6	0
0.6-0.7	0
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	0
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Drug ID	Developmental Stage
		NPD

Bioactivity similarity

Similar Natural Products in NPASS

Similarity level is defined by Bioactivity similarity was calculated based on bioactivity descriptors of compounds. The bioactivity descriptors were calculated by a recently developed AI algorithm Chemical Checker (CC) [Nature Biotechnology, 38:1087–1096, 2020; Nature Communications, 12:3932, 2021], which evaluated bioactivity similarities at five levels:
☉ A: chemistry similarity;
☉ B: biological targets similarity;
☉ C: networks similarity;
☉ D: cell-based bioactivity similarity;
☉ E: similarity based on clinical data.
Those 5 categories of CC bioactivity descriptors were calculated and then subjected to manifold projection using UMAP algorithm, to project all NPs on a 2-Dimensional space. The current NP was highlighted with a small circle in the 2-D map. Below figures: left-to-right, A-to-E.

A: chemistry similarity

B: biological targets similarity

C: networks similarity

D: cell-based bioactivity similarity

E: similarity based on clinical data