NPASS Compound

Natural Product: NPC548547

Natural Product ID	NPC548547
Common Name ? The InCHIKey will be temporarily assigned as the "Common Name" if no IUPAC name or alternative short name is available.	24-methylene-cholest-5-en-3beta,23S-diol
IUPAC Name	(3~{S},8~{S},9~{S},10~{R},13~{R},14~{S},17~{R})-17-[(1~{R},3~{S})-3-hydroxy-1,5-dimethyl-4-methylene-hexyl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1~{H}-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol
Synonyms
Synthetic Gene Cluster	n.a.
ChEMBL Identifier	n.a.
PubChem CID	n.a.
Chemical Classification	CHEMONTID:0000000 [Organic compounds]

The Chemical Classification was calculated by Classyfire, a software for chemical taxonomy calculation. Reference: DOI:10.1186/s13321-016-0174-y.

Chemical Representations

RDKit 3D 76 79 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000 -6.1362 0.7315 -1.7137 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.4358 0.7125 -0.6023 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.2611 1.9497 0.1856 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.0294 3.1074 -0.4096 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.8497 1.7065 1.5710 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.8219 -0.5521 -0.1414 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.1505 -1.6277 -0.9245 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.3169 -0.4127 -0.0463 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.6564 -1.6690 0.4199 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.9280 -2.7725 -0.5371 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.2885 -1.5155 0.9439 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.7577 -2.8602 1.3829 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.6217 -2.9624 0.7122 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.9952 -1.5138 0.7803 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.2724 -1.1068 0.2252 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.3811 -1.7807 1.0476 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.6405 -1.3831 0.3633 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.7786 -0.1709 -0.1275 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.0509 0.2065 -0.8103 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.6288 1.3640 -0.0161 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.0102 2.4284 -0.8253 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.7659 1.7632 1.1382 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.3305 1.9887 0.8120 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.7301 0.8615 -0.0395 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.5306 1.4999 -1.4203 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.4485 0.3708 0.5128 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.2768 1.1296 -0.0448 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.0475 0.6288 0.4964 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.2391 -0.8554 0.1426 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.2749 -0.9630 -1.3175 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.5808 1.6602 -2.0421 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.3082 -0.1318 -2.3435 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.2022 2.2706 0.2502 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.6767 3.3809 -1.4228 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.1134 2.8911 -0.4876 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.8930 3.9725 0.2943 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.7778 1.1224 1.4125 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.0826 2.6663 2.0792 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.1629 1.1560 2.2238 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.1438 -0.7937 0.9194 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.8829 -2.1488 -0.5048 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.1407 0.4535 0.6237 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.9976 -0.1710 -1.1035 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.2721 -1.9537 1.3431 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.1126 -2.4086 -1.5918 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.0937 -3.4937 -0.6597 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.8067 -3.4082 -0.3002 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.3732 -0.8956 1.8922 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.5051 -2.8745 2.4840 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.3934 -3.7107 1.2172 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.5411 -3.2896 -0.3269 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.2887 -3.6226 1.2923 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.9459 -1.2163 1.8555 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.4886 -1.3651 -0.8136 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.2514 -2.8775 0.9836 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.4018 -1.4106 2.0768 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.4630 -2.1092 0.2670 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.8833 0.4835 -1.8859 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.7127 -0.6634 -0.8342 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.5909 0.9735 0.4306 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.9257 2.3332 -1.1695 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.9027 1.0391 1.9915 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.1688 2.7277 1.5284 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.1426 2.9769 0.3926 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.7629 1.9483 1.7826 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.1666 0.7901 -2.1622 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.4726 1.9375 -1.7526 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.8414 2.3704 -1.2477 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.4435 0.5249 1.6101 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.3714 2.1840 0.2842 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.2309 1.1346 -1.1483 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.8152 1.2546 -0.0049 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.1491 0.7848 1.5722 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.7037 -0.0093 -1.7485 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.7455 -1.0023 -1.7945 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.8225 -1.7841 -1.7642 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 2 0 2 3 1 0 3 4 1 0 3 5 1 0 2 6 1 0 6 7 1 0 6 8 1 0 8 9 1 0 9 10 1 0 9 11 1 0 11 12 1 0 12 13 1 0 13 14 1 0 14 15 1 0 15 16 1 0 16 17 1 0 17 18 2 0 18 19 1 0 19 20 1 0 20 21 1 0 20 22 1 0 22 23 1 0 23 24 1 0 24 25 1 6 24 26 1 0 26 27 1 0 27 28 1 0 28 29 1 0 29 30 1 6 29 11 1 0 29 14 1 0 26 15 1 0 24 18 1 0 1 31 1 0 1 32 1 0 3 33 1 0 4 34 1 0 4 35 1 0 4 36 1 0 5 37 1 0 5 38 1 0 5 39 1 0 6 40 1 1 7 41 1 0 8 42 1 0 8 43 1 0 9 44 1 1 10 45 1 0 10 46 1 0 10 47 1 0 11 48 1 1 12 49 1 0 12 50 1 0 13 51 1 0 13 52 1 0 14 53 1 1 15 54 1 6 16 55 1 0 16 56 1 0 17 57 1 0 19 58 1 0 19 59 1 0 20 60 1 1 21 61 1 0 22 62 1 0 22 63 1 0 23 64 1 0 23 65 1 0 25 66 1 0 25 67 1 0 25 68 1 0 26 69 1 1 27 70 1 0 27 71 1 0 28 72 1 0 28 73 1 0 30 74 1 0 30 75 1 0 30 76 1 0 M END

Standard InCHIKey	NMTGDMNIHVGVNP-UVDVHAOQSA-N
Standard InCHI	InChI=1S/C28H46O2/c1-17(2)19(4)26(30)15-18(3)23-9-10-24-22-8-7-20-16-21(29)11-13-27(20,5)25(22)12-14-28(23,24)6/h7,17-18,21-26,29-30H,4,8-16H2,1-3,5-6H3/t18-,21+,22+,23-,24+,25+,26+,27+,28-/m1/s1
SMILES	C=C(C(C)C)[C@@H](O)C[C@@H](C)[C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3CC=C4C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]4(C)[C@H]3CC[C@]12C

Calculated Properties

Physi-Chem Properties

Molecular Weight:	414.35	Volume:	470.926 ? Van der Waals volume.
Dense:	0.88	LogP:	6.212 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficients.
logD7.4:	4.796 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficient at pH=7.4.	LogS:	-5.685 ? The logarithm of aqueous solubility value.
Rotatable Bonds:	5.0	Rigid Bonds:	21.0
TPSA:	40.46 ? Topological Polar Surface Area.	H-Bond Acceptor:	2.0
H-Bond Donor:	2.0	Rings:	4.0
Heavy Atoms:	2.0

MedChem Properties

QED Drug-Likeness Score:	0.502	GASA:	1.0 ? GASA represents the probability of being difficult to synthesize, ranging from 0 to 1.
Synthetic Accessibility Score:	4.673	Fsp³:	0.857
MCE-18:	72.154 ? MCE-18 stands for medicinal chemistry evolution.MCE-18≥45 is considered a suitable value.	Lipinski Rule-of-5:	Rejected
Pfizer Rule:	Accepted	GSK Rule:	Accepted
Golden Triangle Rule:	Rejected	BMS Rule:	0
Chelating Alert:	0	PAINS Alert:	0
Colloidal aggregators:	0.947	Fluc inhibitor:	0.0 ? The fluc inhibitor value is the probability of being fLuc inhibitors, within the range of 0 to 1.
Blue fluorescence:	0.007 ? The blue fluorescence value is the probability of being blue fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1	Green fluorescence:	0.0 ? The green fluorescence value is the probability of being green fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1
Reactive compounds:	0.556	Promiscuous compounds:	0.057

ADMET Properties (ADMETlab3.0)

ADMET: Absorption

Caco-2 Permeability:	-5.098	MDCK Permeability:	-4.919
Pgp-inhibitor:	0.033	Pgp-substrate:	0.095
PAMPA:	0.026 ? The experimental data for Peff was logarithmically transformed (logPeff). Molecules with log Peff values below 2.0 were classified as low-permeability (Category 0), while those with log Peff values exceeding 2.5 were classified as high-permeability (Category 1).	Human Intestinal Absorption (HIA):	0.0
20% Bioavailability (F20%):	0.015	30% Bioavailability (F30%):	0.578
50% Bioavailability (F50%):	0.998

ADMET: Distribution

Blood-Brain-Barrier Penetration (BBB):	0.002	MRP1:	0.19
Plasma Protein Binding (PPB):	88.974%	Volume Distribution (VD):	0.074
Fu:	13.875% ? The fraction unbound in plasms.	OATP1B1 inhibitor:	1.0
OATP1B3 inhibitor:	1.0	BCRP inhibitor:	0.92
BSEP inhibitor:	0.826

ADMET: Metabolism

CYP1A2-inhibitor:	0.0	CYP1A2-substrate:	0.0
CYP2C19-inhibitor:	0.0	CYP2C19-substrate:	0.0
CYP2C9-inhibitor:	0.0	CYP2C9-substrate:	0.008
CYP2D6-inhibitor:	0.012	CYP2D6-substrate:	0.001
CYP3A4-inhibitor:	0.606	CYP3A4-substrate:	0.991
CYP2B6-substrate:	0.0	CYP2C8-inhibitor:	0.675
HLM stability:	0.136 ? Human liver microsomal (HLM) stability. Category 0: stable+ (HLM > 30 min); Category 1: unstable- (HLM ≤ 30 min). The output value is the probability of human liver microsomal instability, where a value closer to 1 indicates a higher likelihood of instability.

ADMET: Excretion

Clearance (CL):

15.948

Half-life (T1/2):

1.296

ADMET: Toxicity

hERG Blockers:	0.103	hERG Blockers (10um):	0.251
Human Hepatotoxicity (H-HT):	0.537	Drug-induced Liver Injury (DILI):	0.131
AMES Toxicity:	0.085	Rat Oral Acute Toxicity:	0.069
Maximum Recommended Daily Dose:	0.701	Skin Sensitization:	0.944
Carcinogencity:	0.721	Eye Corrosion:	0.275
Eye Irritation:	0.931	Respiratory Toxicity:	0.497
Drug-induced Neurotoxicity:	0.05	Ototoxicity:	0.704
Hematotoxicity:	0.244	Drug-induced Nephrotoxicity:	0.666
Genotoxicity:	0.009	RPMI-8226 Immunitoxicity:	0.078
A549 Cytotoxicity:	0.192	Hek293 Cytotoxicity:	0.452
BCF:	2.467 ? Bioconcentration factors are used for considering secondary poisoning potential and assessing risks to human health via the food chain. The unit is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	IGC50:	4.181 ? 48 hour Tetrahymena pyriformis IGC50. The unit of IGC50 is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].
LC50DM:	5.181 ? 48 hour Daphnia magna LC50. The unit of LC50DM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	LC50FM:	4.899 ? 96 hour fathead minnow LC50. The unit of LC50FM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].

Species Source

Organism ID	Organism Name	Taxonomy Level	Family	SuperKingdom	Isolation Part	Collection Location	Collection Time	Reference
NPO60497	Nephthea sp.	Genus	Nephtheidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP source organism data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated them from below databases:
☉ UNPD: Universal Natural Products Database [PMID: 23638153].
☉ StreptomeDB: a database of streptomycetes natural products [PMID: 33051671].
☉ TM-MC: a database of medicinal materials and chemical compounds in Northeast Asian traditional medicine [PMID: 26156871].
☉ TCM@Taiwan: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 21253603].
☉ TCMID: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 29106634].
☉ TCMSP: The traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform [PMID: 24735618].
☉ HerDing: a herb recommendation system to treat diseases using genes and chemicals [PMID: 26980517].
☉ MetaboLights: a metabolomics database [PMID: 27010336].
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

NP Quantity Composition/Concentration

Organism ID	Organism Name	Organism Material Preparation	Organism Part	NP Quantity (Standard)	NP Quantity (Minimum)	NP Quantity (Maximum)	Quantity Unit	Reference

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP quantitative records for specific NP domains (e.g., NPS from foods or herbs) from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ DUKE: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases.
☉ PHENOL EXPLORER: is the first comprehensive database on polyphenol content in foods [PMID: 24103452], its homepage can be accessed at here.
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

Biological Activity

Molecular-level activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

In vitro activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

In vivo activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

Experimental ADME

Experiment Model	Experiment Tissue	ADME Type	ADME Relation	ADME Value	ADME Unit	Reference

Experimental Toxicity

Quantitative toxicity

Experiment Model	Experiment Organism	Toxicity Type	Toxicity Relation	Toxicity Value	Toxicity Unit	Reference

Common Abbreviations:
LC: Lethal Concentration; LD: Lethal Dose; LT:Lethal Time; NOAEL: No-observed-adverse-effect Level; BMDL: Benchmark Dose Lower Confidence Limit; BMD: Benchmark Dose; BMC:Benchmark Concentration; LOAEL: Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level; RfD:Reference Dose; RfC:Reference Concentration; MRL: Minimal Risk Level; MEG: Maximum Exposure Guideline; PAC: Protective Action Criteria

Categorical toxicity labels

Hepatotoxicity	Carcinogenicity	Mutagenicity	Cardiotoxicity	Respiratory Toxicity	Eye Irritation	Endocrine Disruption

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP toxicity records from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ ToxValDB: a curated database that compiles quantitative toxicity values for chemicals from diverse public sources to support toxicological research and risk assessment.
☉ TOXRIC: a comprehensive, free-to-access, online database providing toxicological/feature data. The toxicity labels are retrieved from this database. [PMID: 36400569]

Chemically structural similarity

Similar Active Natural Products in NPASS

Top-200 similar NPs were calculated against the active-NP-set (includes approximately 50,000 NPs with experimentally-derived bioactivity available in NPASS)

Similarity is measured using the Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) , which compares the binary fingerprints of two molecules. Tc is calculated as the intersection divided by the union of '1' bits in the fingerprints, ranging from 0 to 1, with 1 indicating highest similarity.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC548547 and all remaining natural products in the NPASS database.
● The right table: Most similar natural products (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	24431
0.1-0.2	21531
0.2-0.3	3511
0.3-0.4	243
0.4-0.5	87
0.5-0.6	13
0.6-0.7	20
0.7-0.8	2
0.8-0.85	0
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Natural Product ID
0.7692	Intermediate Similarity	NPC474216
0.7647	Intermediate Similarity	NPC162742
0.7647	Intermediate Similarity	NPC304309
0.7647	Intermediate Similarity	NPC470228
0.7547	Intermediate Similarity	NPC134847
0.75	Intermediate Similarity	NPC22105
0.75	Intermediate Similarity	NPC34019
0.75	Intermediate Similarity	NPC107059
0.7358	Intermediate Similarity	NPC136188
0.7358	Intermediate Similarity	NPC28657
0.7222	Intermediate Similarity	NPC230301
0.7222	Intermediate Similarity	NPC198968
0.7222	Intermediate Similarity	NPC285893
0.7143	Intermediate Similarity	NPC472265
0.7091	Intermediate Similarity	NPC241290
0.7091	Intermediate Similarity	NPC164840
0.7091	Intermediate Similarity	NPC484739
0.7091	Intermediate Similarity	NPC209944
0.7091	Intermediate Similarity	NPC264245
0.7091	Intermediate Similarity	NPC155986
0.6964	Remote Similarity	NPC321381
0.6852	Remote Similarity	NPC600590
0.6842	Remote Similarity	NPC59453
0.6727	Remote Similarity	NPC154330
0.6724	Remote Similarity	NPC603646
0.661	Remote Similarity	NPC473943
0.661	Remote Similarity	NPC155011
0.6607	Remote Similarity	NPC113733
0.6545	Remote Similarity	NPC221758
0.65	Remote Similarity	NPC47761
0.65	Remote Similarity	NPC488870
0.6441	Remote Similarity	NPC477522
0.6271	Remote Similarity	NPC33913
0.6207	Remote Similarity	NPC51014
0.614	Remote Similarity	NPC328313
0.6102	Remote Similarity	NPC328714
0.6066	Remote Similarity	NPC243985
0.6066	Remote Similarity	NPC280710
0.6066	Remote Similarity	NPC240650
0.6	Remote Similarity	NPC318495
0.5968	Remote Similarity	NPC474164
0.5926	Remote Similarity	NPC96319
0.5862	Remote Similarity	NPC20688
0.5833	Remote Similarity	NPC87604
0.5738	Remote Similarity	NPC1272
0.5738	Remote Similarity	NPC470614
0.5692	Remote Similarity	NPC601043
0.5692	Remote Similarity	NPC605412
0.5424	Remote Similarity	NPC151519
0.5303	Remote Similarity	NPC474970
0.5246	Remote Similarity	NPC76879
0.5224	Remote Similarity	NPC176012
0.5156	Remote Similarity	NPC19607

Similar Clinical/Approved Drugs

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC548547 and all drugs/candidates.
● The right table: Most similar clinical/approved drugs (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	7830
0.1-0.2	1165
0.2-0.3	123
0.3-0.4	25
0.4-0.5	2
0.5-0.6	2
0.6-0.7	1
0.7-0.8	2
0.8-0.85	0
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Drug ID	Developmental Stage
0.7358	Intermediate Similarity	NPD6942	Phase 4
0.7222	Intermediate Similarity	NPD7339	Approved
0.6545	Remote Similarity	NPD4786	Phase 1
0.5926	Remote Similarity	NPD3701	Pre-clinical
0.5424	Remote Similarity	NPD3667	Phase 4

Bioactivity similarity

Similar Natural Products in NPASS

Similarity level is defined by Bioactivity similarity was calculated based on bioactivity descriptors of compounds. The bioactivity descriptors were calculated by a recently developed AI algorithm Chemical Checker (CC) [Nature Biotechnology, 38:1087–1096, 2020; Nature Communications, 12:3932, 2021], which evaluated bioactivity similarities at five levels:
☉ A: chemistry similarity;
☉ B: biological targets similarity;
☉ C: networks similarity;
☉ D: cell-based bioactivity similarity;
☉ E: similarity based on clinical data.
Those 5 categories of CC bioactivity descriptors were calculated and then subjected to manifold projection using UMAP algorithm, to project all NPs on a 2-Dimensional space. The current NP was highlighted with a small circle in the 2-D map. Below figures: left-to-right, A-to-E.

A: chemistry similarity

B: biological targets similarity

C: networks similarity

D: cell-based bioactivity similarity

E: similarity based on clinical data