NPASS Compound

Natural Product: NPC479459

Natural Product ID	NPC479459
Common Name ? The InCHIKey will be temporarily assigned as the "Common Name" if no IUPAC name or alternative short name is available.	CIKAITHYAAXIRY-FMUHKOIMSA-N
IUPAC Name	n.a.
Synonyms
Synthetic Gene Cluster	n.a.
ChEMBL Identifier	n.a.
PubChem CID	n.a.
Chemical Classification	CHEMONTID:0000000 [Organic compounds]

The Chemical Classification was calculated by Classyfire, a software for chemical taxonomy calculation. Reference: DOI:10.1186/s13321-016-0174-y.

Chemical Representations

RDKit 3D 77 79 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000 -3.0493 1.3472 2.2899 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.2719 0.7257 1.4295 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.1412 -0.1402 1.8987 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1124 0.3499 1.1757 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.2098 1.6547 0.4732 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.1572 1.4799 -0.6522 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.6912 0.7406 -1.8427 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.5740 2.8743 -1.0777 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.4139 3.7055 -1.5277 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.7885 3.6600 -0.6789 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.9949 2.5046 0.2171 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.4578 3.0094 1.5992 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.1154 1.6894 -0.2828 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.6294 1.9353 -1.3840 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.5978 0.6487 0.4717 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.6691 -0.1834 0.0674 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.7523 -0.0942 1.0913 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.4027 -1.4121 1.4093 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.4429 -2.3590 0.2481 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.3057 -2.1883 -0.7034 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.8526 -3.5436 -1.2545 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.9176 -4.2280 -1.8022 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.2455 -1.4946 -0.1523 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.6307 -2.3027 -0.4678 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.8193 -1.9679 2.5474 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.6845 0.8518 0.6449 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.4458 0.8281 -0.0660 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.6270 -0.5370 -0.5692 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.7508 -1.3347 -0.0559 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.1507 -1.0498 -0.2450 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.9036 -1.9267 -0.9721 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.4125 -3.1489 -1.5915 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.6345 -3.0633 -2.9925 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.9501 0.0257 0.3709 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.6204 1.2714 -0.0304 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.8594 1.9677 1.9595 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.8686 1.2303 3.3412 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.0651 -0.0814 2.9848 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.3126 -1.1971 1.6319 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.4804 -0.4291 0.5153 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.8379 0.5983 1.9961 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.8199 2.2108 1.2607 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.5071 0.8303 -2.6226 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1715 1.2435 -2.3392 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.4765 -0.3179 -1.7427 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.1053 3.3604 -0.2351 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.3036 2.7591 -1.9036 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.1549 3.3618 -2.5721 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.7955 4.7487 -1.6661 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.7682 4.5965 -0.0433 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.7101 3.8222 -1.3176 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.5513 3.1454 2.2216 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.0749 2.2112 2.0502 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.0629 3.9103 1.4938 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.9959 0.1945 -0.9444 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.3515 0.3111 2.0496 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.4700 -1.1872 1.6820 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.3678 -3.3965 0.6784 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.6507 -1.6001 -1.5991 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.4766 -4.1676 -0.3940 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.0034 -3.4047 -1.9400 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.5205 -3.6440 -2.3452 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.4310 -2.2846 0.0885 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.8758 -2.1695 2.2961 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.3671 0.9826 1.3255 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.2859 1.4665 -0.2630 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.6984 -1.1790 -0.4127 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.7488 -0.4541 -1.7120 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.6318 -1.3182 1.1477 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.5218 -2.4634 -0.1458 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.9895 -1.6946 -1.1124 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.0208 -4.0597 -1.2947 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.3467 -3.3418 -1.5041 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.6507 -3.9900 -3.3768 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.8027 -0.1148 1.4906 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.0552 -0.0904 0.2411 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.5621 1.3061 -1.0063 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 2 0 2 3 1 0 3 4 1 0 4 5 1 0 5 6 1 0 6 7 1 6 6 8 1 0 8 9 1 0 9 10 1 0 10 11 1 0 11 12 1 1 11 13 1 0 13 14 2 0 13 15 1 0 15 16 1 0 16 17 1 0 17 18 1 0 18 19 1 0 19 20 1 0 20 21 1 0 21 22 1 0 20 23 1 0 19 24 1 0 18 25 1 0 17 26 1 0 6 27 1 0 27 28 1 0 28 29 1 0 29 30 1 0 30 31 2 0 31 32 1 0 32 33 1 0 30 34 1 0 34 35 1 0 27 2 1 0 11 5 1 0 23 16 1 0 1 36 1 0 1 37 1 0 3 38 1 0 3 39 1 0 4 40 1 0 4 41 1 0 5 42 1 1 7 43 1 0 7 44 1 0 7 45 1 0 8 46 1 0 8 47 1 0 9 48 1 0 9 49 1 0 10 50 1 0 10 51 1 0 12 52 1 0 12 53 1 0 12 54 1 0 16 55 1 6 17 56 1 1 18 57 1 1 19 58 1 1 20 59 1 6 21 60 1 0 21 61 1 0 22 62 1 0 24 63 1 0 25 64 1 0 26 65 1 0 27 66 1 1 28 67 1 0 28 68 1 0 29 69 1 0 29 70 1 0 31 71 1 0 32 72 1 0 32 73 1 0 33 74 1 0 34 75 1 0 34 76 1 0 35 77 1 0 M END

Standard InCHIKey	CIKAITHYAAXIRY-FMUHKOIMSA-N
Standard InCHI	InChI=1S/C26H42O9/c1-15-5-8-19-25(2,17(15)7-6-16(13-28)9-12-27)10-4-11-26(19,3)24(33)35-23-22(32)21(31)20(30)18(14-29)34-23/h9,17-23,27-32H,1,4-8,10-14H2,2-3H3/b16-9+/t17-,18+,19+,20+,21-,22+,23-,25+,26-/m0/s1
SMILES	C=C1CC[C@@H]2[C@](C)(CCC[C@]2(C)C(=O)O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](CO)O2)O)O)O)[C@H]1CC/C(=CCO)/CO

Calculated Properties

Physi-Chem Properties

Molecular Weight:	498.28	Volume:	503.785 ? Van der Waals volume.
Dense:	0.989	LogP:	1.073 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficients.
logD7.4:	1.808 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficient at pH=7.4.	LogS:	-3.044 ? The logarithm of aqueous solubility value.
Rotatable Bonds:	9.0	Rigid Bonds:	20.0
TPSA:	156.91 ? Topological Polar Surface Area.	H-Bond Acceptor:	9.0
H-Bond Donor:	6.0	Rings:	3.0
Heavy Atoms:	9.0

MedChem Properties

QED Drug-Likeness Score:	0.21	GASA:	1.0 ? GASA represents the probability of being difficult to synthesize, ranging from 0 to 1.
Synthetic Accessibility Score:	4.938	Fsp³:	0.808
MCE-18:	64.894 ? MCE-18 stands for medicinal chemistry evolution.MCE-18≥45 is considered a suitable value.	Lipinski Rule-of-5:	Rejected
Pfizer Rule:	Rejected	GSK Rule:	Accepted
Golden Triangle Rule:	Rejected	BMS Rule:	0
Chelating Alert:	0	PAINS Alert:	0
Colloidal aggregators:	0.477	Fluc inhibitor:	0.0 ? The fluc inhibitor value is the probability of being fLuc inhibitors, within the range of 0 to 1.
Blue fluorescence:	0.004 ? The blue fluorescence value is the probability of being blue fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1	Green fluorescence:	0.002 ? The green fluorescence value is the probability of being green fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1
Reactive compounds:	0.215	Promiscuous compounds:	0.018

ADMET Properties (ADMETlab3.0)

ADMET: Absorption

Caco-2 Permeability:	-5.424	MDCK Permeability:	-5.01
Pgp-inhibitor:	0.001	Pgp-substrate:	0.0
PAMPA:	0.592 ? The experimental data for Peff was logarithmically transformed (logPeff). Molecules with log Peff values below 2.0 were classified as low-permeability (Category 0), while those with log Peff values exceeding 2.5 were classified as high-permeability (Category 1).	Human Intestinal Absorption (HIA):	0.288
20% Bioavailability (F20%):	0.519	30% Bioavailability (F30%):	0.999
50% Bioavailability (F50%):	0.992

ADMET: Distribution

Blood-Brain-Barrier Penetration (BBB):	0.005	MRP1:	0.025
Plasma Protein Binding (PPB):	70.443%	Volume Distribution (VD):	-0.398
Fu:	25.88% ? The fraction unbound in plasms.	OATP1B1 inhibitor:	1.0
OATP1B3 inhibitor:	1.0	BCRP inhibitor:	0.0
BSEP inhibitor:	0.017

ADMET: Metabolism

CYP1A2-inhibitor:	0.005	CYP1A2-substrate:	0.0
CYP2C19-inhibitor:	0.193	CYP2C19-substrate:	0.0
CYP2C9-inhibitor:	0.004	CYP2C9-substrate:	0.0
CYP2D6-inhibitor:	0.0	CYP2D6-substrate:	0.007
CYP3A4-inhibitor:	0.693	CYP3A4-substrate:	0.0
CYP2B6-substrate:	0.0	CYP2C8-inhibitor:	0.966
HLM stability:	0.581 ? Human liver microsomal (HLM) stability. Category 0: stable+ (HLM > 30 min); Category 1: unstable- (HLM ≤ 30 min). The output value is the probability of human liver microsomal instability, where a value closer to 1 indicates a higher likelihood of instability.

ADMET: Excretion

Clearance (CL):

2.272

Half-life (T1/2):

2.237

ADMET: Toxicity

hERG Blockers:	0.008	hERG Blockers (10um):	0.038
Human Hepatotoxicity (H-HT):	0.823	Drug-induced Liver Injury (DILI):	0.294
AMES Toxicity:	0.727	Rat Oral Acute Toxicity:	0.008
Maximum Recommended Daily Dose:	0.019	Skin Sensitization:	1.0
Carcinogencity:	0.367	Eye Corrosion:	0.0
Eye Irritation:	0.313	Respiratory Toxicity:	0.027
Drug-induced Neurotoxicity:	0.049	Ototoxicity:	0.947
Hematotoxicity:	0.224	Drug-induced Nephrotoxicity:	0.921
Genotoxicity:	0.252	RPMI-8226 Immunitoxicity:	0.075
A549 Cytotoxicity:	0.107	Hek293 Cytotoxicity:	0.102
BCF:	1.096 ? Bioconcentration factors are used for considering secondary poisoning potential and assessing risks to human health via the food chain. The unit is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	IGC50:	3.661 ? 48 hour Tetrahymena pyriformis IGC50. The unit of IGC50 is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].
LC50DM:	5.33 ? 48 hour Daphnia magna LC50. The unit of LC50DM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	LC50FM:	4.517 ? 96 hour fathead minnow LC50. The unit of LC50FM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].

Species Source

Organism ID	Organism Name	Taxonomy Level	Family	SuperKingdom	Isolation Part	Collection Location	Collection Time	Reference
NPO10906	Pinus koraiensis	Species	Pinaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[21953622]
NPO10906	Pinus koraiensis	Species	Pinaceae	Eukaryota	Twigs	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[32520551]
NPO10906	Pinus koraiensis	Species	Pinaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO10906	Pinus koraiensis	Species	Pinaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO10906	Pinus koraiensis	Species	Pinaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO10906	Pinus koraiensis	Species	Pinaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TM-MC]
NPO10906	Pinus koraiensis	Species	Pinaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP source organism data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated them from below databases:
☉ UNPD: Universal Natural Products Database [PMID: 23638153].
☉ StreptomeDB: a database of streptomycetes natural products [PMID: 33051671].
☉ TM-MC: a database of medicinal materials and chemical compounds in Northeast Asian traditional medicine [PMID: 26156871].
☉ TCM@Taiwan: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 21253603].
☉ TCMID: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 29106634].
☉ TCMSP: The traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform [PMID: 24735618].
☉ HerDing: a herb recommendation system to treat diseases using genes and chemicals [PMID: 26980517].
☉ MetaboLights: a metabolomics database [PMID: 27010336].
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

NP Quantity Composition/Concentration

Organism ID	Organism Name	Organism Material Preparation	Organism Part	NP Quantity (Standard)	NP Quantity (Minimum)	NP Quantity (Maximum)	Quantity Unit	Reference

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP quantitative records for specific NP domains (e.g., NPS from foods or herbs) from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ DUKE: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases.
☉ PHENOL EXPLORER: is the first comprehensive database on polyphenol content in foods [PMID: 24103452], its homepage can be accessed at here.
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

Biological Activity

Activity Type	# Activity
IC50	1
Activity	3

Activity Type	# Activity
Cell line	4

Molecular-level activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

In vitro activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference
NPT34	Cell line	BV-2	Mus musculus	IC50	=	65400.0	nM	PMID[32520551]
NPT76	Cell line	C6	Rattus norvegicus	Activity	=	104.0	%	PMID[32520551]
NPT76	Cell line	C6	Rattus norvegicus	Activity	=	162.3	%	PMID[32520551]
NPT34	Cell line	BV-2	Mus musculus	Activity	=	134.6	%	PMID[32520551]

In vivo activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

Experimental ADME

Experiment Model	Experiment Tissue	ADME Type	ADME Relation	ADME Value	ADME Unit	Reference

Experimental Toxicity

Quantitative toxicity

Experiment Model	Experiment Organism	Toxicity Type	Toxicity Relation	Toxicity Value	Toxicity Unit	Reference

Common Abbreviations:
LC: Lethal Concentration; LD: Lethal Dose; LT:Lethal Time; NOAEL: No-observed-adverse-effect Level; BMDL: Benchmark Dose Lower Confidence Limit; BMD: Benchmark Dose; BMC:Benchmark Concentration; LOAEL: Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level; RfD:Reference Dose; RfC:Reference Concentration; MRL: Minimal Risk Level; MEG: Maximum Exposure Guideline; PAC: Protective Action Criteria

Categorical toxicity labels

Hepatotoxicity	Carcinogenicity	Mutagenicity	Cardiotoxicity	Respiratory Toxicity	Eye Irritation	Endocrine Disruption

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP toxicity records from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ ToxValDB: a curated database that compiles quantitative toxicity values for chemicals from diverse public sources to support toxicological research and risk assessment.
☉ TOXRIC: a comprehensive, free-to-access, online database providing toxicological/feature data. The toxicity labels are retrieved from this database. [PMID: 36400569]

Chemically structural similarity

Similar Active Natural Products in NPASS

Top-200 similar NPs were calculated against the active-NP-set (includes approximately 50,000 NPs with experimentally-derived bioactivity available in NPASS)

Similarity is measured using the Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) , which compares the binary fingerprints of two molecules. Tc is calculated as the intersection divided by the union of '1' bits in the fingerprints, ranging from 0 to 1, with 1 indicating highest similarity.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC479459 and all remaining natural products in the NPASS database.
● The right table: Most similar natural products (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	17498
0.1-0.2	25293
0.2-0.3	6231
0.3-0.4	768
0.4-0.5	37
0.5-0.6	24
0.6-0.7	3
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	0
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	1

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Natural Product ID
1.0	High Similarity	NPC479458
0.7714	Intermediate Similarity	NPC479462
0.7714	Intermediate Similarity	NPC479461
0.6806	Remote Similarity	NPC479457
0.6282	Remote Similarity	NPC479453
0.6026	Remote Similarity	NPC479456
0.5897	Remote Similarity	NPC479455
0.5897	Remote Similarity	NPC479454
0.5823	Remote Similarity	NPC479452
0.5823	Remote Similarity	NPC479451
0.5811	Remote Similarity	NPC484733
0.5769	Remote Similarity	NPC392
0.5769	Remote Similarity	NPC177524
0.5769	Remote Similarity	NPC219900
0.557	Remote Similarity	NPC479099
0.557	Remote Similarity	NPC479098
0.55	Remote Similarity	NPC472274
0.5488	Remote Similarity	NPC479779
0.5432	Remote Similarity	NPC284754
0.5385	Remote Similarity	NPC215570
0.5375	Remote Similarity	NPC479104
0.525	Remote Similarity	NPC599990
0.5244	Remote Similarity	NPC479460
0.5231	Remote Similarity	NPC68703
0.5231	Remote Similarity	NPC69649
0.5181	Remote Similarity	NPC484732
0.5125	Remote Similarity	NPC472273
0.5114	Remote Similarity	NPC272056
0.5114	Remote Similarity	NPC479780
0.5056	Remote Similarity	NPC488869

Similar Clinical/Approved Drugs

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC479459 and all drugs/candidates.
● The right table: Most similar clinical/approved drugs (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	6849
0.1-0.2	2177
0.2-0.3	117
0.3-0.4	4
0.4-0.5	1
0.5-0.6	2
0.6-0.7	0
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	0
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Drug ID	Developmental Stage
0.5769	Remote Similarity	NPD6686	Approved
0.5114	Remote Similarity	NPD8133	Approved

Bioactivity similarity

Similar Natural Products in NPASS

Similarity level is defined by Bioactivity similarity was calculated based on bioactivity descriptors of compounds. The bioactivity descriptors were calculated by a recently developed AI algorithm Chemical Checker (CC) [Nature Biotechnology, 38:1087–1096, 2020; Nature Communications, 12:3932, 2021], which evaluated bioactivity similarities at five levels:
☉ A: chemistry similarity;
☉ B: biological targets similarity;
☉ C: networks similarity;
☉ D: cell-based bioactivity similarity;
☉ E: similarity based on clinical data.
Those 5 categories of CC bioactivity descriptors were calculated and then subjected to manifold projection using UMAP algorithm, to project all NPs on a 2-Dimensional space. The current NP was highlighted with a small circle in the 2-D map. Below figures: left-to-right, A-to-E.

A: chemistry similarity

B: biological targets similarity

C: networks similarity

D: cell-based bioactivity similarity

E: similarity based on clinical data