NPASS Compound

Natural Product: NPC470396

Natural Product ID	NPC470396
Common Name ? The InCHIKey will be temporarily assigned as the "Common Name" if no IUPAC name or alternative short name is available.	3Beta,21Alpha-Dihidroxy-Olean-18-Ene
IUPAC Name	(3S,4aR,6aS,6aR,6bR,8aS,10R,14aR,14bR)-4,4,6a,6b,8a,11,11,14b-octamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,6a,7,8,9,10,13,14,14a-tetradecahydropicene-3,10-diol
Synonyms
Synthetic Gene Cluster	n.a.
ChEMBL Identifier	CHEMBL2023098
PubChem CID	60145807
Chemical Classification	CHEMONTID:0000000 [Organic compounds] [CHEMONTID:0000012] Lipids and lipid-like molecules [CHEMONTID:0000259] Prenol lipids [CHEMONTID:0001553] Triterpenoids

The Chemical Classification was calculated by Classyfire, a software for chemical taxonomy calculation. Reference: DOI:10.1186/s13321-016-0174-y.

Chemical Representations

RDKit 3D 82 86 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000 5.3596 0.1315 3.0166 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.9001 -0.6287 1.7613 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.4204 -0.5388 1.6843 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.7071 -0.3918 0.5689 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.2339 -0.3076 0.5516 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.5036 -1.5204 0.1240 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.3364 -1.3915 -1.1060 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.2193 -0.1787 -1.1672 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.6680 -0.4718 -1.0089 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.4660 -0.2258 -2.3043 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.8711 -0.6681 -2.1601 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.6055 -0.1647 -0.9778 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.7880 0.2502 0.1930 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.3498 0.4621 -0.0399 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.5394 0.3754 1.2305 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.3023 1.2192 0.9579 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.6953 1.0089 -0.3853 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.8172 0.9290 -0.1963 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.5843 1.1936 -1.4405 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.7153 0.3359 -1.7828 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.4795 -0.3118 -0.6938 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.7915 0.4204 -0.5128 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.6275 -0.0326 0.6117 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.4934 1.0016 0.9896 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.8780 -1.7300 -1.0653 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.1277 2.0942 0.7680 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.9252 2.3110 -1.1721 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.0571 -0.6424 1.4158 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.3502 1.6296 0.6170 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.5245 0.8250 -1.4041 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.9630 -1.9307 -0.6670 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.2690 -2.0765 2.0110 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.0246 -0.3974 3.9309 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.9568 1.1627 2.9451 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.4575 0.2032 2.9261 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.8669 -0.5975 2.6143 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.9477 -0.1456 1.6386 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.1841 -2.3994 -0.0747 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.1812 -1.9364 0.9265 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.9404 -2.3489 -1.1423 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.3045 -1.5305 -2.0295 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.1067 0.1800 -2.2456 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.4458 0.8431 -2.5676 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.9660 -0.8344 -3.0731 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.8793 -1.7964 -2.2495 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.4005 -0.3498 -3.1097 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.2812 -1.0064 -0.6325 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.2335 1.4852 -0.5077 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.0628 0.8036 2.0835 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.1544 -0.6606 1.4123 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.6750 2.2814 1.1040 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.6390 1.0712 1.8227 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.8478 1.1559 -2.2966 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.9500 2.2672 -1.4862 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.3833 -0.4795 -2.4946 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.4370 0.9104 -2.4406 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.5036 1.4980 -0.3334 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.3942 0.4356 -1.4358 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.3186 -0.8372 0.2153 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.7190 1.4852 0.1322 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.9742 -1.8665 -1.1709 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.4689 -2.0041 -2.0767 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.5660 -2.4682 -0.2961 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.3649 2.8687 0.7368 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.2767 1.7629 1.7915 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.0932 2.5945 0.4614 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0160 2.8161 -1.4621 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.4577 2.1016 -2.1208 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.4550 3.0803 -0.5513 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.5129 -0.1063 2.2561 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.1093 -1.0752 1.8143 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.8031 -1.4494 1.1512 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.4392 2.3002 -0.2465 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.3303 1.4187 1.0988 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.6886 2.0177 1.4164 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.3614 0.7752 -0.8772 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.0595 -1.9807 -0.3976 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.4435 -2.2882 0.2160 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.9038 -2.5862 -1.5679 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.6645 -2.5386 1.0682 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.1174 -2.1454 2.7294 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.4456 -2.6654 2.4573 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 0 2 3 1 0 3 4 2 0 4 5 1 0 5 6 1 0 6 7 1 0 7 8 1 0 8 9 1 0 9 10 1 0 10 11 1 0 11 12 1 0 12 13 1 0 13 14 1 0 14 15 1 0 15 16 1 0 16 17 1 0 17 18 1 0 18 19 1 0 19 20 1 0 20 21 1 0 21 22 1 0 22 23 1 0 23 24 1 0 21 25 1 0 18 26 1 0 17 27 1 0 13 28 1 0 13 29 1 0 12 30 1 0 9 31 1 0 2 32 1 0 23 2 1 0 21 4 1 0 18 5 1 0 17 8 1 0 14 9 1 0 1 33 1 0 1 34 1 0 1 35 1 0 3 36 1 0 5 37 1 0 6 38 1 0 6 39 1 0 7 40 1 0 7 41 1 0 8 42 1 0 10 43 1 0 10 44 1 0 11 45 1 0 11 46 1 0 12 47 1 0 14 48 1 0 15 49 1 0 15 50 1 0 16 51 1 0 16 52 1 0 19 53 1 0 19 54 1 0 20 55 1 0 20 56 1 0 22 57 1 0 22 58 1 0 23 59 1 0 24 60 1 0 25 61 1 0 25 62 1 0 25 63 1 0 26 64 1 0 26 65 1 0 26 66 1 0 27 67 1 0 27 68 1 0 27 69 1 0 28 70 1 0 28 71 1 0 28 72 1 0 29 73 1 0 29 74 1 0 29 75 1 0 30 76 1 0 31 77 1 0 31 78 1 0 31 79 1 0 32 80 1 0 32 81 1 0 32 82 1 0 M END

Standard InCHIKey	KFRKENQBMHZDTC-GCKMCXAPSA-N
Standard InCHI	InChI=1S/C30H50O2/c1-25(2)17-20-19-9-10-22-28(6)13-12-23(31)26(3,4)21(28)11-14-30(22,8)29(19,7)16-15-27(20,5)18-24(25)32/h17,19,21-24,31-32H,9-16,18H2,1-8H3/t19-,21+,22-,23+,24-,27+,28+,29-,30-/m1/s1
SMILES	CC1(C=C2C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CCC2(CC1O)C)C)C)(C)C)O)C)C

Calculated Properties

Physi-Chem Properties

Molecular Weight:	442.38	Volume:	499.598 ? Van der Waals volume.
Dense:	0.885	LogP:	5.021 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficients.
logD7.4:	4.483 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficient at pH=7.4.	LogS:	-5.878 ? The logarithm of aqueous solubility value.
Rotatable Bonds:	0.0	Rigid Bonds:	26.0
TPSA:	40.46 ? Topological Polar Surface Area.	H-Bond Acceptor:	2.0
H-Bond Donor:	2.0	Rings:	5.0
Heavy Atoms:	2.0

MedChem Properties

QED Drug-Likeness Score:	0.391	GASA:	1.0 ? GASA represents the probability of being difficult to synthesize, ranging from 0 to 1.
Synthetic Accessibility Score:	4.914	Fsp³:	0.933
MCE-18:	104.897 ? MCE-18 stands for medicinal chemistry evolution.MCE-18≥45 is considered a suitable value.	Lipinski Rule-of-5:	Rejected
Pfizer Rule:	Accepted	GSK Rule:	Accepted
Golden Triangle Rule:	Rejected	BMS Rule:	0
Chelating Alert:	0	PAINS Alert:	0
Colloidal aggregators:	0.345	Fluc inhibitor:	0.0 ? The fluc inhibitor value is the probability of being fLuc inhibitors, within the range of 0 to 1.
Blue fluorescence:	0.004 ? The blue fluorescence value is the probability of being blue fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1	Green fluorescence:	0.035 ? The green fluorescence value is the probability of being green fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1
Reactive compounds:	0.512	Promiscuous compounds:	0.01

ADMET Properties (ADMETlab3.0)

ADMET: Absorption

Caco-2 Permeability:	-4.911	MDCK Permeability:	-4.749
Pgp-inhibitor:	0.001	Pgp-substrate:	0.209
PAMPA:	0.768 ? The experimental data for Peff was logarithmically transformed (logPeff). Molecules with log Peff values below 2.0 were classified as low-permeability (Category 0), while those with log Peff values exceeding 2.5 were classified as high-permeability (Category 1).	Human Intestinal Absorption (HIA):	0.002
20% Bioavailability (F20%):	0.042	30% Bioavailability (F30%):	0.054
50% Bioavailability (F50%):	0.998

ADMET: Distribution

Blood-Brain-Barrier Penetration (BBB):	0.881	MRP1:	0.999
Plasma Protein Binding (PPB):	84.292%	Volume Distribution (VD):	-0.088
Fu:	11.654% ? The fraction unbound in plasms.	OATP1B1 inhibitor:	0.03
OATP1B3 inhibitor:	0.971	BCRP inhibitor:	0.004
BSEP inhibitor:	0.782

ADMET: Metabolism

CYP1A2-inhibitor:	0.751	CYP1A2-substrate:	0.017
CYP2C19-inhibitor:	0.998	CYP2C19-substrate:	0.065
CYP2C9-inhibitor:	0.363	CYP2C9-substrate:	0.024
CYP2D6-inhibitor:	0.977	CYP2D6-substrate:	0.069
CYP3A4-inhibitor:	0.929	CYP3A4-substrate:	0.0
CYP2B6-substrate:	1.0	CYP2C8-inhibitor:	0.88
HLM stability:	0.989 ? Human liver microsomal (HLM) stability. Category 0: stable+ (HLM > 30 min); Category 1: unstable- (HLM ≤ 30 min). The output value is the probability of human liver microsomal instability, where a value closer to 1 indicates a higher likelihood of instability.

ADMET: Excretion

Clearance (CL):

18.342

Half-life (T1/2):

0.866

ADMET: Toxicity

hERG Blockers:	0.314	hERG Blockers (10um):	0.824
Human Hepatotoxicity (H-HT):	0.365	Drug-induced Liver Injury (DILI):	0.034
AMES Toxicity:	0.091	Rat Oral Acute Toxicity:	0.199
Maximum Recommended Daily Dose:	0.902	Skin Sensitization:	0.09
Carcinogencity:	0.368	Eye Corrosion:	0.003
Eye Irritation:	0.257	Respiratory Toxicity:	0.835
Drug-induced Neurotoxicity:	0.381	Ototoxicity:	0.902
Hematotoxicity:	0.086	Drug-induced Nephrotoxicity:	0.07
Genotoxicity:	0.001	RPMI-8226 Immunitoxicity:	0.047
A549 Cytotoxicity:	0.471	Hek293 Cytotoxicity:	0.513
BCF:	2.394 ? Bioconcentration factors are used for considering secondary poisoning potential and assessing risks to human health via the food chain. The unit is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	IGC50:	5.231 ? 48 hour Tetrahymena pyriformis IGC50. The unit of IGC50 is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].
LC50DM:	6.333 ? 48 hour Daphnia magna LC50. The unit of LC50DM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	LC50FM:	6.199 ? 96 hour fathead minnow LC50. The unit of LC50FM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].

Species Source

Organism ID	Organism Name	Taxonomy Level	Family	SuperKingdom	Isolation Part	Collection Location	Collection Time	Reference
NPO33201	celastraceae sp.	Species	Celastraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[22487595]
NPO33201	celastraceae sp.	Species	Celastraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP source organism data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated them from below databases:
☉ UNPD: Universal Natural Products Database [PMID: 23638153].
☉ StreptomeDB: a database of streptomycetes natural products [PMID: 33051671].
☉ TM-MC: a database of medicinal materials and chemical compounds in Northeast Asian traditional medicine [PMID: 26156871].
☉ TCM@Taiwan: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 21253603].
☉ TCMID: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 29106634].
☉ TCMSP: The traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform [PMID: 24735618].
☉ HerDing: a herb recommendation system to treat diseases using genes and chemicals [PMID: 26980517].
☉ MetaboLights: a metabolomics database [PMID: 27010336].
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

NP Quantity Composition/Concentration

Organism ID	Organism Name	Organism Material Preparation	Organism Part	NP Quantity (Standard)	NP Quantity (Minimum)	NP Quantity (Maximum)	Quantity Unit	Reference

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP quantitative records for specific NP domains (e.g., NPS from foods or herbs) from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ DUKE: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases.
☉ PHENOL EXPLORER: is the first comprehensive database on polyphenol content in foods [PMID: 24103452], its homepage can be accessed at here.
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

Biological Activity

Activity Type	# Activity
Inhibition	2
Activity	1
IC50	2
CC50	1

Activity Type	# Activity
Cell line	2
Organism	4

Molecular-level activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

In vitro activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference
NPT460	Cell line	MT2	Homo sapiens	Activity	=	69.0	%	DOI[10.1016/0960-894X(95)00326-O]
NPT460	Cell line	MT2	Homo sapiens	CC50	>	100000.0	nM	PMID[23859780]
NPT24	Organism	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	Inhibition	=	18.0	%	PMID[25124114]
NPT24	Organism	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	IC50	=	64360.0	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT24	Organism	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	IC50	=	54280.0	nM	PMID[27161176]
NPT24	Organism	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	Inhibition	<	50.0	%	PMID[25668494]

In vivo activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

Experimental ADME

Experiment Model	Experiment Tissue	ADME Type	ADME Relation	ADME Value	ADME Unit	Reference

Experimental Toxicity

Quantitative toxicity

Experiment Model	Experiment Organism	Toxicity Type	Toxicity Relation	Toxicity Value	Toxicity Unit	Reference

Common Abbreviations:
LC: Lethal Concentration; LD: Lethal Dose; LT:Lethal Time; NOAEL: No-observed-adverse-effect Level; BMDL: Benchmark Dose Lower Confidence Limit; BMD: Benchmark Dose; BMC:Benchmark Concentration; LOAEL: Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level; RfD:Reference Dose; RfC:Reference Concentration; MRL: Minimal Risk Level; MEG: Maximum Exposure Guideline; PAC: Protective Action Criteria

Categorical toxicity labels

Hepatotoxicity	Carcinogenicity	Mutagenicity	Cardiotoxicity	Respiratory Toxicity	Eye Irritation	Endocrine Disruption

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP toxicity records from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ ToxValDB: a curated database that compiles quantitative toxicity values for chemicals from diverse public sources to support toxicological research and risk assessment.
☉ TOXRIC: a comprehensive, free-to-access, online database providing toxicological/feature data. The toxicity labels are retrieved from this database. [PMID: 36400569]

Chemically structural similarity

Similar Active Natural Products in NPASS

Top-200 similar NPs were calculated against the active-NP-set (includes approximately 50,000 NPs with experimentally-derived bioactivity available in NPASS)

Similarity is measured using the Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) , which compares the binary fingerprints of two molecules. Tc is calculated as the intersection divided by the union of '1' bits in the fingerprints, ranging from 0 to 1, with 1 indicating highest similarity.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC470396 and all remaining natural products in the NPASS database.
● The right table: Most similar natural products (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	25970
0.1-0.2	20544
0.2-0.3	2801
0.3-0.4	411
0.4-0.5	117
0.5-0.6	6
0.6-0.7	2
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	0
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Natural Product ID
0.7959	Intermediate Similarity	NPC265328
0.7647	Intermediate Similarity	NPC99168
0.6909	Remote Similarity	NPC180834
0.6071	Remote Similarity	NPC300499
0.5965	Remote Similarity	NPC471737
0.5789	Remote Similarity	NPC157996
0.5439	Remote Similarity	NPC242350
0.5167	Remote Similarity	NPC69627
0.5156	Remote Similarity	NPC181225
0.5085	Remote Similarity	NPC144075

Similar Clinical/Approved Drugs

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC470396 and all drugs/candidates.
● The right table: Most similar clinical/approved drugs (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	7965
0.1-0.2	1129
0.2-0.3	52
0.3-0.4	3
0.4-0.5	1
0.5-0.6	0
0.6-0.7	0
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	0
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Drug ID	Developmental Stage
		NPD

Bioactivity similarity

Similar Natural Products in NPASS

Similarity level is defined by Bioactivity similarity was calculated based on bioactivity descriptors of compounds. The bioactivity descriptors were calculated by a recently developed AI algorithm Chemical Checker (CC) [Nature Biotechnology, 38:1087–1096, 2020; Nature Communications, 12:3932, 2021], which evaluated bioactivity similarities at five levels:
☉ A: chemistry similarity;
☉ B: biological targets similarity;
☉ C: networks similarity;
☉ D: cell-based bioactivity similarity;
☉ E: similarity based on clinical data.
Those 5 categories of CC bioactivity descriptors were calculated and then subjected to manifold projection using UMAP algorithm, to project all NPs on a 2-Dimensional space. The current NP was highlighted with a small circle in the 2-D map. Below figures: left-to-right, A-to-E.

A: chemistry similarity

B: biological targets similarity

C: networks similarity

D: cell-based bioactivity similarity

E: similarity based on clinical data