NPASS Compound

Natural Product: NPC35761

Natural Product ID	NPC35761
Common Name ? The InCHIKey will be temporarily assigned as the "Common Name" if no IUPAC name or alternative short name is available.	Naamidine I
IUPAC Name	5-[[5-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]-4-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-1-methylimidazol-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-2-methyliminoimidazol-4-one
Synonyms	Naamidine I
Synthetic Gene Cluster	n.a.
ChEMBL Identifier	CHEMBL251674
PubChem CID	23656634
Chemical Classification	CHEMONTID:0000000 [Organic compounds] [CHEMONTID:0002448] Benzenoids [CHEMONTID:0000134] Phenols [CHEMONTID:0000190] Methoxyphenols

The Chemical Classification was calculated by Classyfire, a software for chemical taxonomy calculation. Reference: DOI:10.1186/s13321-016-0174-y.

Chemical Representations

RDKit 3D 67 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000 7.2166 -3.7198 -1.0802 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.9628 -3.8473 -1.7674 N 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.9877 -3.0833 -1.4165 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.9937 -2.0875 -0.3925 N 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.7084 -1.4792 -0.3379 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.3663 -0.5390 0.4738 N 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.0141 -0.0412 0.3853 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.4601 0.6808 -0.5924 N 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1551 0.9440 -0.2832 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.7313 1.7561 -1.1563 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.8641 3.1627 -0.7458 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1040 4.0787 -1.1759 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0418 5.4138 -0.8480 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.0079 5.8651 -0.0701 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.9673 4.9859 0.3624 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.8956 3.6279 0.0230 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.1149 7.1981 0.2857 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.1581 8.1693 -0.1278 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.1105 0.3656 0.9258 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.3859 0.3340 1.6974 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.3674 -0.6418 1.1648 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.4212 -0.2490 0.3873 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.3080 -1.1658 -0.1150 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.1060 -2.4772 0.1850 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.0497 -2.9221 0.9721 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.1747 -1.9818 1.4633 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.9000 -4.2796 1.2425 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.8146 -4.6816 2.0460 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.9675 -3.4536 -0.2928 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.3723 -0.7166 -0.9058 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.6039 0.6183 -1.2068 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.0529 -0.2301 1.3085 N 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.2335 -0.9545 2.5381 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.9175 -2.1489 -1.3749 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.7289 -1.8617 -1.6062 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.7046 -3.1279 -2.0306 N 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.3003 -4.0210 -3.1279 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.7761 -2.8291 -1.4567 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.8703 -4.5923 -1.3063 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.9902 -3.6400 -0.0018 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.8115 -1.8300 0.2329 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.3101 1.7817 -2.2044 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.7202 1.2759 -1.2908 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.9172 3.6965 -1.7859 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.8055 6.0940 -1.1982 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.7991 5.2992 0.9702 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.6760 2.9788 0.3826 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.8745 7.8856 0.1167 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.2083 8.2799 -1.2456 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.3663 9.1565 0.2980 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.7795 1.3444 1.8308 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.1761 -0.0243 2.7493 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.5398 0.7986 0.1769 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.3547 -2.2769 2.0710 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.0061 -4.3582 3.0917 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.8590 -4.2082 1.7043 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.6773 -5.7932 2.0120 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.8779 -3.5188 0.1759 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.4504 1.2387 -0.2740 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.6770 0.8103 -1.4663 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.9781 1.0131 -2.0058 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.6968 -0.4441 3.3708 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.3334 -0.9033 2.7970 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.9755 -2.0285 2.4840 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.0854 -3.8865 -3.9049 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.3276 -3.7470 -3.5327 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.3642 -5.0629 -2.7467 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 0 2 3 2 3 3 4 1 0 4 5 1 0 5 6 2 3 6 7 1 0 7 8 2 0 8 9 1 0 9 10 1 0 10 11 1 0 11 12 2 0 12 13 1 0 13 14 2 0 14 15 1 0 15 16 2 0 14 17 1 0 17 18 1 0 9 19 2 0 19 20 1 0 20 21 1 0 21 22 2 0 22 23 1 0 23 24 2 0 24 25 1 0 25 26 2 0 25 27 1 0 27 28 1 0 24 29 1 0 23 30 1 0 30 31 1 0 19 32 1 0 32 33 1 0 5 34 1 0 34 35 2 0 34 36 1 0 36 37 1 0 36 3 1 0 32 7 1 0 16 11 1 0 26 21 1 0 1 38 1 0 1 39 1 0 1 40 1 0 4 41 1 0 10 42 1 0 10 43 1 0 12 44 1 0 13 45 1 0 15 46 1 0 16 47 1 0 18 48 1 0 18 49 1 0 18 50 1 0 20 51 1 0 20 52 1 0 22 53 1 0 26 54 1 0 28 55 1 0 28 56 1 0 28 57 1 0 29 58 1 0 31 59 1 0 31 60 1 0 31 61 1 0 33 62 1 0 33 63 1 0 33 64 1 0 37 65 1 0 37 66 1 0 37 67 1 0 M END

Standard InCHIKey	VGFIBRGPMCIEQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Standard InCHI	InChI=1S/C26H30N6O5/c1-27-25-29-23(24(34)32(25)3)30-26-28-18(11-15-7-9-17(35-4)10-8-15)19(31(26)2)12-16-13-20(36-5)22(33)21(14-16)37-6/h7-10,13-14,33H,11-12H2,1-6H3,(H,27,28,29,30)
SMILES	CN=C1NC(=Nc2nc(Cc3ccc(cc3)OC)c(Cc3cc(c(c(c3)OC)O)OC)n2C)C(=O)N1C

Calculated Properties

Physi-Chem Properties

Molecular Weight:	506.23	Volume:	504.957 ? Van der Waals volume.
Dense:	1.003	LogP:	1.729 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficients.
logD7.4:	1.963 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficient at pH=7.4.	LogS:	-3.108 ? The logarithm of aqueous solubility value.
Rotatable Bonds:	8.0	Rigid Bonds:	25.0
TPSA:	122.8 ? Topological Polar Surface Area.	H-Bond Acceptor:	11.0
H-Bond Donor:	2.0	Rings:	4.0
Heavy Atoms:	11.0

MedChem Properties

QED Drug-Likeness Score:	0.481	GASA:	1.0 ? GASA represents the probability of being difficult to synthesize, ranging from 0 to 1.
Synthetic Accessibility Score:	3.426	Fsp³:	0.308
MCE-18:	52.0 ? MCE-18 stands for medicinal chemistry evolution.MCE-18≥45 is considered a suitable value.	Lipinski Rule-of-5:	Accepted
Pfizer Rule:	Rejected	GSK Rule:	Accepted
Golden Triangle Rule:	Accepted	BMS Rule:	0
Chelating Alert:	1	PAINS Alert:	0
Colloidal aggregators:	0.1	Fluc inhibitor:	0.063 ? The fluc inhibitor value is the probability of being fLuc inhibitors, within the range of 0 to 1.
Blue fluorescence:	0.241 ? The blue fluorescence value is the probability of being blue fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1	Green fluorescence:	0.822 ? The green fluorescence value is the probability of being green fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1
Reactive compounds:	0.002	Promiscuous compounds:	0.047

ADMET Properties (ADMETlab3.0)

ADMET: Absorption

Caco-2 Permeability:	-5.249	MDCK Permeability:	-4.834
Pgp-inhibitor:	0.368	Pgp-substrate:	0.145
PAMPA:	0.007 ? The experimental data for Peff was logarithmically transformed (logPeff). Molecules with log Peff values below 2.0 were classified as low-permeability (Category 0), while those with log Peff values exceeding 2.5 were classified as high-permeability (Category 1).	Human Intestinal Absorption (HIA):	0.227
20% Bioavailability (F20%):	0.367	30% Bioavailability (F30%):	0.268
50% Bioavailability (F50%):	0.959

ADMET: Distribution

Blood-Brain-Barrier Penetration (BBB):	0.002	MRP1:	0.992
Plasma Protein Binding (PPB):	93.839%	Volume Distribution (VD):	-0.178
Fu:	6.418% ? The fraction unbound in plasms.	OATP1B1 inhibitor:	0.997
OATP1B3 inhibitor:	0.931	BCRP inhibitor:	0.001
BSEP inhibitor:	0.972

ADMET: Metabolism

CYP1A2-inhibitor:	1.0	CYP1A2-substrate:	0.02
CYP2C19-inhibitor:	1.0	CYP2C19-substrate:	0.762
CYP2C9-inhibitor:	0.376	CYP2C9-substrate:	0.0
CYP2D6-inhibitor:	0.087	CYP2D6-substrate:	0.941
CYP3A4-inhibitor:	1.0	CYP3A4-substrate:	0.002
CYP2B6-substrate:	0.002	CYP2C8-inhibitor:	0.876
HLM stability:	0.938 ? Human liver microsomal (HLM) stability. Category 0: stable+ (HLM > 30 min); Category 1: unstable- (HLM ≤ 30 min). The output value is the probability of human liver microsomal instability, where a value closer to 1 indicates a higher likelihood of instability.

ADMET: Excretion

Clearance (CL):

6.387

Half-life (T1/2):

0.739

ADMET: Toxicity

hERG Blockers:	0.182	hERG Blockers (10um):	0.513
Human Hepatotoxicity (H-HT):	0.876	Drug-induced Liver Injury (DILI):	0.76
AMES Toxicity:	0.857	Rat Oral Acute Toxicity:	0.557
Maximum Recommended Daily Dose:	0.845	Skin Sensitization:	0.911
Carcinogencity:	0.816	Eye Corrosion:	0.0
Eye Irritation:	0.043	Respiratory Toxicity:	0.745
Drug-induced Neurotoxicity:	0.748	Ototoxicity:	0.66
Hematotoxicity:	0.686	Drug-induced Nephrotoxicity:	0.803
Genotoxicity:	0.993	RPMI-8226 Immunitoxicity:	0.086
A549 Cytotoxicity:	0.098	Hek293 Cytotoxicity:	0.56
BCF:	1.201 ? Bioconcentration factors are used for considering secondary poisoning potential and assessing risks to human health via the food chain. The unit is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	IGC50:	3.99 ? 48 hour Tetrahymena pyriformis IGC50. The unit of IGC50 is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].
LC50DM:	5.21 ? 48 hour Daphnia magna LC50. The unit of LC50DM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	LC50FM:	4.799 ? 96 hour fathead minnow LC50. The unit of LC50FM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].

Species Source

Organism ID	Organism Name	Taxonomy Level	Family	SuperKingdom	Isolation Part	Collection Location	Collection Time	Reference
NPO24342	Lupinus albus	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	DOI[10.1016/j.jarmap.2018.11.004]
NPO29509	Leucetta chagosensis	Species	Leucettidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[12193030]
NPO29509	Leucetta chagosensis	Species	Leucettidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[15165143]
NPO29509	Leucetta chagosensis	Species	Leucettidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[17822294]
NPO25094	Artemisia princeps	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[17996677]
NPO29473	Amycolatopsis mediterranei	Species	Pseudonocardiaceae	Bacteria	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[25256628]
NPO644	Pestalotiopsis theae	Species	Sporocadaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[27731995]
NPO29509	Leucetta chagosensis	Species	Leucettidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[29648818]
NPO29255	Salvia chinensis	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[30370766]
NPO28968	Teucrium flavum	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[33530639]
NPO17683	Cryptocarya moschata	Species	Lauraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO28968	Teucrium flavum	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO29025	Streptomyces nojiriensis	Species	Streptomycetaceae	Bacteria	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO29255	Salvia chinensis	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO25094	Artemisia princeps	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO24342	Lupinus albus	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO29509	Leucetta chagosensis	Species	Leucettidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO29043	Hypoxylon oceanicum	Species	Xylariaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO24421.1	Agave salmiana var. ferox	Varieties	Asparagaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO29473	Amycolatopsis mediterranei	Species	Pseudonocardiaceae	Bacteria	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO29470	Anhalonium fissuratum	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO29124	Argemone squarrosa	Species	Papaveraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO29434	Centaurea involucrata	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO28861	Cladonia graciliformis	Species	Cladoniaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO29238	Heterocondylus vitalbae	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO29065	Hypoxis rooperi	Species	Hypoxidaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO24342	Lupinus albus	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	Seed	n.a.	n.a.	Database[FooDB]
NPO24342	Lupinus albus	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota		n.a.	n.a.	Database[FooDB]
NPO25094	Artemisia princeps	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO24342	Lupinus albus	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO25094	Artemisia princeps	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO24342	Lupinus albus	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO24342	Lupinus albus	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO25094	Artemisia princeps	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TM-MC]
NPO25094	Artemisia princeps	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO29043	Hypoxylon oceanicum	Species	Xylariaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO29473	Amycolatopsis mediterranei	Species	Pseudonocardiaceae	Bacteria	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO29124	Argemone squarrosa	Species	Papaveraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO24421.1	Agave salmiana var. ferox	Varieties	Asparagaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO29470	Anhalonium fissuratum	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO29025	Streptomyces nojiriensis	Species	Streptomycetaceae	Bacteria	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO24342	Lupinus albus	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO28861	Cladonia graciliformis	Species	Cladoniaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO29065	Hypoxis rooperi	Species	Hypoxidaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO29509	Leucetta chagosensis	Species	Leucettidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO28968	Teucrium flavum	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO29434	Centaurea involucrata	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO29255	Salvia chinensis	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO29238	Heterocondylus vitalbae	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO17683	Cryptocarya moschata	Species	Lauraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO644	Pestalotiopsis theae	Species	Sporocadaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP source organism data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated them from below databases:
☉ UNPD: Universal Natural Products Database [PMID: 23638153].
☉ StreptomeDB: a database of streptomycetes natural products [PMID: 33051671].
☉ TM-MC: a database of medicinal materials and chemical compounds in Northeast Asian traditional medicine [PMID: 26156871].
☉ TCM@Taiwan: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 21253603].
☉ TCMID: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 29106634].
☉ TCMSP: The traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform [PMID: 24735618].
☉ HerDing: a herb recommendation system to treat diseases using genes and chemicals [PMID: 26980517].
☉ MetaboLights: a metabolomics database [PMID: 27010336].
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

NP Quantity Composition/Concentration

Organism ID	Organism Name	Organism Material Preparation	Organism Part	NP Quantity (Standard)	NP Quantity (Minimum)	NP Quantity (Maximum)	Quantity Unit	Reference

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP quantitative records for specific NP domains (e.g., NPS from foods or herbs) from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ DUKE: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases.
☉ PHENOL EXPLORER: is the first comprehensive database on polyphenol content in foods [PMID: 24103452], its homepage can be accessed at here.
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

Biological Activity

Activity Type	# Activity
IC50	1

Activity Type	# Activity
Cell line	1

Molecular-level activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

In vitro activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference
NPT165	Cell line	HeLa	Homo sapiens	IC50	=	15.0	ug.mL-1	PMID[17822294]

In vivo activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

Experimental ADME

Experiment Model	Experiment Tissue	ADME Type	ADME Relation	ADME Value	ADME Unit	Reference

Experimental Toxicity

Quantitative toxicity

Experiment Model	Experiment Organism	Toxicity Type	Toxicity Relation	Toxicity Value	Toxicity Unit	Reference

Common Abbreviations:
LC: Lethal Concentration; LD: Lethal Dose; LT:Lethal Time; NOAEL: No-observed-adverse-effect Level; BMDL: Benchmark Dose Lower Confidence Limit; BMD: Benchmark Dose; BMC:Benchmark Concentration; LOAEL: Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level; RfD:Reference Dose; RfC:Reference Concentration; MRL: Minimal Risk Level; MEG: Maximum Exposure Guideline; PAC: Protective Action Criteria

Categorical toxicity labels

Hepatotoxicity	Carcinogenicity	Mutagenicity	Cardiotoxicity	Respiratory Toxicity	Eye Irritation	Endocrine Disruption

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP toxicity records from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ ToxValDB: a curated database that compiles quantitative toxicity values for chemicals from diverse public sources to support toxicological research and risk assessment.
☉ TOXRIC: a comprehensive, free-to-access, online database providing toxicological/feature data. The toxicity labels are retrieved from this database. [PMID: 36400569]

Chemically structural similarity

Similar Active Natural Products in NPASS

Top-200 similar NPs were calculated against the active-NP-set (includes approximately 50,000 NPs with experimentally-derived bioactivity available in NPASS)

Similarity is measured using the Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) , which compares the binary fingerprints of two molecules. Tc is calculated as the intersection divided by the union of '1' bits in the fingerprints, ranging from 0 to 1, with 1 indicating highest similarity.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC35761 and all remaining natural products in the NPASS database.
● The right table: Most similar natural products (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	23948
0.1-0.2	24990
0.2-0.3	908
0.3-0.4	7
0.4-0.5	2
0.5-0.6	0
0.6-0.7	1
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	0
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Natural Product ID
0.7703	Intermediate Similarity	NPC237978
0.6203	Remote Similarity	NPC136924

Similar Clinical/Approved Drugs

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC35761 and all drugs/candidates.
● The right table: Most similar clinical/approved drugs (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	3520
0.1-0.2	5586
0.2-0.3	44
0.3-0.4	0
0.4-0.5	0
0.5-0.6	0
0.6-0.7	0
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	0
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Drug ID	Developmental Stage
		NPD

Bioactivity similarity

Similar Natural Products in NPASS

Similarity level is defined by Bioactivity similarity was calculated based on bioactivity descriptors of compounds. The bioactivity descriptors were calculated by a recently developed AI algorithm Chemical Checker (CC) [Nature Biotechnology, 38:1087–1096, 2020; Nature Communications, 12:3932, 2021], which evaluated bioactivity similarities at five levels:
☉ A: chemistry similarity;
☉ B: biological targets similarity;
☉ C: networks similarity;
☉ D: cell-based bioactivity similarity;
☉ E: similarity based on clinical data.
Those 5 categories of CC bioactivity descriptors were calculated and then subjected to manifold projection using UMAP algorithm, to project all NPs on a 2-Dimensional space. The current NP was highlighted with a small circle in the 2-D map. Below figures: left-to-right, A-to-E.

A: chemistry similarity

B: biological targets similarity

C: networks similarity

D: cell-based bioactivity similarity

E: similarity based on clinical data