NPASS Compound

Natural Product: NPC327373

Natural Product ID	NPC327373
Common Name ? The InCHIKey will be temporarily assigned as the "Common Name" if no IUPAC name or alternative short name is available.	Lonijaposide L
IUPAC Name	(2S,3R,4S)-4-[(E)-2-[1-(2-carboxyethyl)pyridin-1-ium-3-yl]ethenyl]-3-ethenyl-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-5-carboxylate
Synonyms	Lonijaposide L
Synthetic Gene Cluster	n.a.
ChEMBL Identifier	CHEMBL1928050
PubChem CID	56599872
Chemical Classification	CHEMONTID:0000000 [Organic compounds] [CHEMONTID:0000012] Lipids and lipid-like molecules [CHEMONTID:0000259] Prenol lipids [CHEMONTID:0002049] Terpene glycosides

The Chemical Classification was calculated by Classyfire, a software for chemical taxonomy calculation. Reference: DOI:10.1186/s13321-016-0174-y.

Chemical Representations

RDKit 3D 65 67 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000 0.3306 2.8451 -1.1737 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0726 1.6286 -1.5834 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.8688 0.7225 -0.8626 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.0756 0.3973 -1.6993 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.7704 -0.5911 -2.6740 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.7973 -1.5307 -2.5265 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0103 -1.5234 -1.4902 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.1071 -0.4906 -0.4420 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.3103 -0.0983 -0.1109 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.7652 -0.3003 1.0952 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.1166 0.0396 1.5246 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.5294 -0.1860 2.8224 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.7961 0.1201 3.2630 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.6940 0.6826 2.3492 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.3197 0.9091 1.0926 N 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.0565 0.5954 0.6842 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.2514 1.4789 0.1418 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.9960 0.4012 -0.5806 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.7860 -0.4174 0.3384 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.6589 0.0956 1.0948 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.6493 -1.8129 0.4599 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.0377 -2.5796 -1.4042 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.8179 -2.5944 -0.4251 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.1422 -3.5419 -2.3877 O 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.1591 -0.0512 -0.9932 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.3015 0.7168 -1.1231 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.6800 1.1306 0.1480 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.1360 0.1474 0.9754 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.4718 0.1936 2.3372 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.6947 1.3905 3.0000 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.0165 -1.2589 0.4548 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.5043 -1.3897 -0.9699 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.4718 -0.0588 -1.6908 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.6266 0.6372 -1.3355 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.7245 -2.2993 -1.6851 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.8123 -2.0713 1.2723 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.0077 3.4822 -1.7007 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.1757 3.1895 -0.2638 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.5555 1.2591 -2.4785 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.2288 1.2266 0.0771 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.3331 1.3270 -2.2751 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.6703 -2.3223 -3.2833 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.5343 -0.9142 0.5067 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.9472 0.3460 -0.8621 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.1165 -0.7541 1.8624 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.8483 -0.6184 3.5396 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.1122 -0.0606 4.2877 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.6938 0.9241 2.7289 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.8297 0.8045 -0.3371 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.6711 2.0727 -0.6217 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.9547 2.2021 0.6130 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.6731 0.8508 -1.3548 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.2447 -0.2383 -1.1057 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.7874 -2.2438 1.3765 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.1470 1.5918 -1.7749 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.2269 0.3452 1.1610 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.3608 0.0579 2.2448 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.8398 -0.6824 2.9018 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.4102 1.1868 3.6777 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.9868 -1.6658 0.5224 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.5335 -1.8069 -0.9564 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.4579 -0.1475 -2.7746 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.1839 0.8747 -2.1120 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.6941 -2.0652 -2.6447 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.7814 -1.8919 1.1500 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 2 0 2 3 1 0 3 4 1 0 4 5 1 0 5 6 1 0 6 7 2 0 7 8 1 0 8 9 1 0 9 10 2 0 10 11 1 0 11 12 2 0 12 13 1 0 13 14 2 0 14 15 1 0 15 16 2 0 15 17 1 0 17 18 1 0 18 19 1 0 19 20 2 0 19 21 1 0 7 22 1 0 22 23 2 0 22 24 1 0 4 25 1 0 25 26 1 0 26 27 1 0 27 28 1 0 28 29 1 0 29 30 1 0 28 31 1 0 31 32 1 0 32 33 1 0 33 34 1 0 32 35 1 0 31 36 1 0 8 3 1 0 16 11 1 0 33 26 1 0 1 37 1 0 1 38 1 0 2 39 1 0 3 40 1 1 4 41 1 6 6 42 1 0 8 43 1 1 9 44 1 0 10 45 1 0 12 46 1 0 13 47 1 0 14 48 1 0 16 49 1 0 17 50 1 0 17 51 1 0 18 52 1 0 18 53 1 0 21 54 1 0 26 55 1 6 28 56 1 1 29 57 1 0 29 58 1 0 30 59 1 0 31 60 1 6 32 61 1 1 33 62 1 6 34 63 1 0 35 64 1 0 36 65 1 0 M CHG 2 15 1 24 -1 M END

Standard InCHIKey	ONSYQRQUUDJRLS-IRTUFKDUSA-N
Standard InCHI	InChI=1S/C24H29NO11/c1-2-14-15(6-5-13-4-3-8-25(10-13)9-7-18(27)28)16(22(32)33)12-34-23(14)36-24-21(31)20(30)19(29)17(11-26)35-24/h2-6,8,10,12,14-15,17,19-21,23-24,26,29-31H,1,7,9,11H2,(H-,27,28,32,33)/b6-5+/t14-,15+,17-,19-,20+,21-,23+,24+/m1/s1
SMILES	C=C[C@H]1[C@@H](OC=C([C@H]1/C=C/c1ccc[n+](c1)CCC(=O)O)C(=O)[O-])O[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1O)O)O

Calculated Properties

Physi-Chem Properties

Molecular Weight:	507.17	Volume:	484.588 ? Van der Waals volume.
Dense:	1.047	LogP:	-0.854 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficients.
logD7.4:	-0.369 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficient at pH=7.4.	LogS:	-1.615 ? The logarithm of aqueous solubility value.
Rotatable Bonds:	10.0	Rigid Bonds:	22.0
TPSA:	189.92 ? Topological Polar Surface Area.	H-Bond Acceptor:	12.0
H-Bond Donor:	5.0	Rings:	3.0
Heavy Atoms:	12.0

MedChem Properties

QED Drug-Likeness Score:	0.169	GASA:	1.0 ? GASA represents the probability of being difficult to synthesize, ranging from 0 to 1.
Synthetic Accessibility Score:	5.229	Fsp³:	0.458
MCE-18:	76.057 ? MCE-18 stands for medicinal chemistry evolution.MCE-18≥45 is considered a suitable value.	Lipinski Rule-of-5:	Accepted
Pfizer Rule:	Rejected	GSK Rule:	Accepted
Golden Triangle Rule:	Accepted	BMS Rule:	0
Chelating Alert:	0	PAINS Alert:	0
Colloidal aggregators:	0.59	Fluc inhibitor:	0.0 ? The fluc inhibitor value is the probability of being fLuc inhibitors, within the range of 0 to 1.
Blue fluorescence:	0.013 ? The blue fluorescence value is the probability of being blue fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1	Green fluorescence:	0.048 ? The green fluorescence value is the probability of being green fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1
Reactive compounds:	0.107	Promiscuous compounds:	0.157

ADMET Properties (ADMETlab3.0)

ADMET: Absorption

Caco-2 Permeability:	-5.89	MDCK Permeability:	-5.418
Pgp-inhibitor:	0.0	Pgp-substrate:	0.018
PAMPA:	1.0 ? The experimental data for Peff was logarithmically transformed (logPeff). Molecules with log Peff values below 2.0 were classified as low-permeability (Category 0), while those with log Peff values exceeding 2.5 were classified as high-permeability (Category 1).	Human Intestinal Absorption (HIA):	0.837
20% Bioavailability (F20%):	0.079	30% Bioavailability (F30%):	0.905
50% Bioavailability (F50%):	0.602

ADMET: Distribution

Blood-Brain-Barrier Penetration (BBB):	0.0	MRP1:	0.837
Plasma Protein Binding (PPB):	46.473%	Volume Distribution (VD):	-0.435
Fu:	49.909% ? The fraction unbound in plasms.	OATP1B1 inhibitor:	0.991
OATP1B3 inhibitor:	0.999	BCRP inhibitor:	0.0
BSEP inhibitor:	0.0

ADMET: Metabolism

CYP1A2-inhibitor:	0.0	CYP1A2-substrate:	0.0
CYP2C19-inhibitor:	0.0	CYP2C19-substrate:	0.0
CYP2C9-inhibitor:	0.0	CYP2C9-substrate:	0.0
CYP2D6-inhibitor:	0.0	CYP2D6-substrate:	0.0
CYP3A4-inhibitor:	0.0	CYP3A4-substrate:	0.0
CYP2B6-substrate:	0.0	CYP2C8-inhibitor:	0.0
HLM stability:	0.0 ? Human liver microsomal (HLM) stability. Category 0: stable+ (HLM > 30 min); Category 1: unstable- (HLM ≤ 30 min). The output value is the probability of human liver microsomal instability, where a value closer to 1 indicates a higher likelihood of instability.

ADMET: Excretion

Clearance (CL):

1.504

Half-life (T1/2):

2.253

ADMET: Toxicity

hERG Blockers:	0.005	hERG Blockers (10um):	0.003
Human Hepatotoxicity (H-HT):	0.602	Drug-induced Liver Injury (DILI):	0.927
AMES Toxicity:	0.741	Rat Oral Acute Toxicity:	0.124
Maximum Recommended Daily Dose:	0.125	Skin Sensitization:	1.0
Carcinogencity:	0.046	Eye Corrosion:	0.0
Eye Irritation:	0.769	Respiratory Toxicity:	0.02
Drug-induced Neurotoxicity:	0.005	Ototoxicity:	0.93
Hematotoxicity:	0.369	Drug-induced Nephrotoxicity:	0.719
Genotoxicity:	1.0	RPMI-8226 Immunitoxicity:	0.074
A549 Cytotoxicity:	0.0	Hek293 Cytotoxicity:	0.056
BCF:	0.437 ? Bioconcentration factors are used for considering secondary poisoning potential and assessing risks to human health via the food chain. The unit is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	IGC50:	3.204 ? 48 hour Tetrahymena pyriformis IGC50. The unit of IGC50 is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].
LC50DM:	4.939 ? 48 hour Daphnia magna LC50. The unit of LC50DM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	LC50FM:	3.903 ? 96 hour fathead minnow LC50. The unit of LC50FM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].

Species Source

Organism ID	Organism Name	Taxonomy Level	Family	SuperKingdom	Isolation Part	Collection Location	Collection Time	Reference
NPO1515	Lonicera japonica	Species	Caprifoliaceae	Eukaryota	Flowers	n.a.	n.a.	DOI[10.1002/elan.200403102]
NPO1515	Lonicera japonica	Species	Caprifoliaceae	Eukaryota	Flowers	n.a.	n.a.	DOI[10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.02.124]
NPO1515	Lonicera japonica	Species	Caprifoliaceae	Eukaryota	Flowers	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[11077184]
NPO1515	Lonicera japonica	Species	Caprifoliaceae	Eukaryota	Flowers	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[17328234]
NPO1515	Lonicera japonica	Species	Caprifoliaceae	Eukaryota	Flower buds	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[18321056]
NPO1515	Lonicera japonica	Species	Caprifoliaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	flower	n.a.	PMID[21804227]
NPO1515	Lonicera japonica	Species	Caprifoliaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	flower bud	n.a.	PMID[21942812]
NPO1515	Lonicera japonica	Species	Caprifoliaceae	Eukaryota	flower buds	Henan province, China	2005-MAY	PMID[21942812]
NPO1515	Lonicera japonica	Species	Caprifoliaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	leaf	n.a.	PMID[23265495]
NPO1515	Lonicera japonica	Species	Caprifoliaceae	Eukaryota	Flower buds	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[24279769]
NPO1515	Lonicera japonica	Species	Caprifoliaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO1515	Lonicera japonica	Species	Caprifoliaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO1515	Lonicera japonica	Species	Caprifoliaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO1515	Lonicera japonica	Species	Caprifoliaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO1515	Lonicera japonica	Species	Caprifoliaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TM-MC]
NPO1515	Lonicera japonica	Species	Caprifoliaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP source organism data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated them from below databases:
☉ UNPD: Universal Natural Products Database [PMID: 23638153].
☉ StreptomeDB: a database of streptomycetes natural products [PMID: 33051671].
☉ TM-MC: a database of medicinal materials and chemical compounds in Northeast Asian traditional medicine [PMID: 26156871].
☉ TCM@Taiwan: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 21253603].
☉ TCMID: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 29106634].
☉ TCMSP: The traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform [PMID: 24735618].
☉ HerDing: a herb recommendation system to treat diseases using genes and chemicals [PMID: 26980517].
☉ MetaboLights: a metabolomics database [PMID: 27010336].
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

NP Quantity Composition/Concentration

Organism ID	Organism Name	Organism Material Preparation	Organism Part	NP Quantity (Standard)	NP Quantity (Minimum)	NP Quantity (Maximum)	Quantity Unit	Reference

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP quantitative records for specific NP domains (e.g., NPS from foods or herbs) from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ DUKE: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases.
☉ PHENOL EXPLORER: is the first comprehensive database on polyphenol content in foods [PMID: 24103452], its homepage can be accessed at here.
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

Biological Activity

Activity Type	# Activity
Inhibition	1

Activity Type	# Activity
Non-molecular	1

Molecular-level activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

In vitro activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference
NPT20529	Non-molecular	NON-PROTEIN TARGET	n.a.	Inhibition	<	30.0	%	PMID[21942812]

In vivo activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

Experimental ADME

Experiment Model	Experiment Tissue	ADME Type	ADME Relation	ADME Value	ADME Unit	Reference

Experimental Toxicity

Quantitative toxicity

Experiment Model	Experiment Organism	Toxicity Type	Toxicity Relation	Toxicity Value	Toxicity Unit	Reference

Common Abbreviations:
LC: Lethal Concentration; LD: Lethal Dose; LT:Lethal Time; NOAEL: No-observed-adverse-effect Level; BMDL: Benchmark Dose Lower Confidence Limit; BMD: Benchmark Dose; BMC:Benchmark Concentration; LOAEL: Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level; RfD:Reference Dose; RfC:Reference Concentration; MRL: Minimal Risk Level; MEG: Maximum Exposure Guideline; PAC: Protective Action Criteria

Categorical toxicity labels

Hepatotoxicity	Carcinogenicity	Mutagenicity	Cardiotoxicity	Respiratory Toxicity	Eye Irritation	Endocrine Disruption

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP toxicity records from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ ToxValDB: a curated database that compiles quantitative toxicity values for chemicals from diverse public sources to support toxicological research and risk assessment.
☉ TOXRIC: a comprehensive, free-to-access, online database providing toxicological/feature data. The toxicity labels are retrieved from this database. [PMID: 36400569]

Chemically structural similarity

Similar Active Natural Products in NPASS

Top-200 similar NPs were calculated against the active-NP-set (includes approximately 50,000 NPs with experimentally-derived bioactivity available in NPASS)

Similarity is measured using the Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) , which compares the binary fingerprints of two molecules. Tc is calculated as the intersection divided by the union of '1' bits in the fingerprints, ranging from 0 to 1, with 1 indicating highest similarity.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC327373 and all remaining natural products in the NPASS database.
● The right table: Most similar natural products (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	24289
0.1-0.2	23593
0.2-0.3	1860
0.3-0.4	83
0.4-0.5	16
0.5-0.6	7
0.6-0.7	4
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	3
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Natural Product ID
0.8452	Intermediate Similarity	NPC322043
0.825	Intermediate Similarity	NPC325093
0.8049	Intermediate Similarity	NPC318020
0.7647	Intermediate Similarity	NPC182814
0.7045	Intermediate Similarity	NPC329024
0.6966	Remote Similarity	NPC59033
0.6667	Remote Similarity	NPC160127
0.6667	Remote Similarity	NPC50997
0.6354	Remote Similarity	NPC317672
0.5758	Remote Similarity	NPC25442
0.5758	Remote Similarity	NPC12944
0.5743	Remote Similarity	NPC111732
0.5644	Remote Similarity	NPC325775
0.5588	Remote Similarity	NPC20593
0.5464	Remote Similarity	NPC328798
0.53	Remote Similarity	NPC127647

Similar Clinical/Approved Drugs

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC327373 and all drugs/candidates.
● The right table: Most similar clinical/approved drugs (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	4849
0.1-0.2	4236
0.2-0.3	65
0.3-0.4	0
0.4-0.5	0
0.5-0.6	0
0.6-0.7	0
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	0
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Drug ID	Developmental Stage
		NPD

Bioactivity similarity

Similar Natural Products in NPASS

Similarity level is defined by Bioactivity similarity was calculated based on bioactivity descriptors of compounds. The bioactivity descriptors were calculated by a recently developed AI algorithm Chemical Checker (CC) [Nature Biotechnology, 38:1087–1096, 2020; Nature Communications, 12:3932, 2021], which evaluated bioactivity similarities at five levels:
☉ A: chemistry similarity;
☉ B: biological targets similarity;
☉ C: networks similarity;
☉ D: cell-based bioactivity similarity;
☉ E: similarity based on clinical data.
Those 5 categories of CC bioactivity descriptors were calculated and then subjected to manifold projection using UMAP algorithm, to project all NPs on a 2-Dimensional space. The current NP was highlighted with a small circle in the 2-D map. Below figures: left-to-right, A-to-E.

A: chemistry similarity

B: biological targets similarity

C: networks similarity

D: cell-based bioactivity similarity

E: similarity based on clinical data