NPASS Compound

Natural Product: NPC258492

Natural Product ID	NPC258492
Common Name ? The InCHIKey will be temporarily assigned as the "Common Name" if no IUPAC name or alternative short name is available.	Anthracene
IUPAC Name	anthracene
Synonyms	Anthracene
Synthetic Gene Cluster	n.a.
ChEMBL Identifier	CHEMBL333179
PubChem CID	8418
Chemical Classification	CHEMONTID:0000000 [Organic compounds] [CHEMONTID:0002448] Benzenoids [CHEMONTID:0000018] Anthracenes

The Chemical Classification was calculated by Classyfire, a software for chemical taxonomy calculation. Reference: DOI:10.1186/s13321-016-0174-y.

Chemical Representations

RDKit 3D 24 26 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000 -3.5636 0.5674 -0.8220 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.6638 -0.3480 0.2086 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.5218 -0.8451 0.8288 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.2729 -0.4298 0.4219 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.1474 0.4873 -0.6094 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.2985 0.9559 -1.1976 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1107 0.8997 -1.0123 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.2673 0.4344 -0.4274 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.1379 -0.4849 0.6061 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.1095 -0.9054 1.0188 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.2740 -0.9743 1.2172 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.5395 -0.5562 0.8081 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.6602 0.3520 -0.2132 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.5334 0.8386 -0.8208 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.4697 0.9456 -1.2957 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.6688 -0.6702 0.5224 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.5828 -1.5540 1.6276 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.1669 1.6794 -2.0095 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1925 1.6180 -1.8209 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.2022 -1.6244 1.8276 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.2525 -1.6905 2.0264 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.4450 -0.9256 1.2719 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.6239 0.6794 -0.5350 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.6310 1.5509 -1.6217 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 2 0 2 3 1 0 3 4 2 0 4 5 1 0 5 6 2 0 5 7 1 0 7 8 2 0 8 9 1 0 9 10 2 0 9 11 1 0 11 12 2 0 12 13 1 0 13 14 2 0 6 1 1 0 14 8 1 0 10 4 1 0 1 15 1 0 2 16 1 0 3 17 1 0 6 18 1 0 7 19 1 0 10 20 1 0 11 21 1 0 12 22 1 0 13 23 1 0 14 24 1 0 M END

Standard InCHIKey	MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Standard InCHI	InChI=1S/C14H10/c1-2-6-12-10-14-8-4-3-7-13(14)9-11(12)5-1/h1-10H
SMILES	c1ccc2c(c1)cc1c(c2)cccc1

Calculated Properties

Physi-Chem Properties

Molecular Weight:	178.08	Volume:	206.576 ? Van der Waals volume.
Dense:	0.862	LogP:	4.551 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficients.
logD7.4:	3.944 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficient at pH=7.4.	LogS:	-6.234 ? The logarithm of aqueous solubility value.
Rotatable Bonds:	0.0	Rigid Bonds:	16.0
TPSA:	0.0 ? Topological Polar Surface Area.	H-Bond Acceptor:	0.0
H-Bond Donor:	0.0	Rings:	3.0
Heavy Atoms:	0.0

MedChem Properties

QED Drug-Likeness Score:	0.456	GASA:	0.0 ? GASA represents the probability of being difficult to synthesize, ranging from 0 to 1.
Synthetic Accessibility Score:	1.143	Fsp³:	0.0
MCE-18:	13.0 ? MCE-18 stands for medicinal chemistry evolution.MCE-18≥45 is considered a suitable value.	Lipinski Rule-of-5:	Rejected
Pfizer Rule:	Accepted	GSK Rule:	Accepted
Golden Triangle Rule:	Accepted	BMS Rule:	0
Chelating Alert:	0	PAINS Alert:	0
Colloidal aggregators:	0.682	Fluc inhibitor:	0.962 ? The fluc inhibitor value is the probability of being fLuc inhibitors, within the range of 0 to 1.
Blue fluorescence:	0.358 ? The blue fluorescence value is the probability of being blue fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1	Green fluorescence:	0.012 ? The green fluorescence value is the probability of being green fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1
Reactive compounds:	0.998	Promiscuous compounds:	0.517

ADMET Properties (ADMETlab3.0)

ADMET: Absorption

Caco-2 Permeability:	-4.253	MDCK Permeability:	-4.549
Pgp-inhibitor:	0.595	Pgp-substrate:	0.069
PAMPA:	0.183 ? The experimental data for Peff was logarithmically transformed (logPeff). Molecules with log Peff values below 2.0 were classified as low-permeability (Category 0), while those with log Peff values exceeding 2.5 were classified as high-permeability (Category 1).	Human Intestinal Absorption (HIA):	0.002
20% Bioavailability (F20%):	0.018	30% Bioavailability (F30%):	0.148
50% Bioavailability (F50%):	0.499

ADMET: Distribution

Blood-Brain-Barrier Penetration (BBB):	0.871	MRP1:	0.672
Plasma Protein Binding (PPB):	97.062%	Volume Distribution (VD):	0.151
Fu:	2.218% ? The fraction unbound in plasms.	OATP1B1 inhibitor:	0.965
OATP1B3 inhibitor:	0.994	BCRP inhibitor:	0.719
BSEP inhibitor:	0.994

ADMET: Metabolism

CYP1A2-inhibitor:	0.995	CYP1A2-substrate:	0.317
CYP2C19-inhibitor:	0.94	CYP2C19-substrate:	0.008
CYP2C9-inhibitor:	1.0	CYP2C9-substrate:	0.219
CYP2D6-inhibitor:	1.0	CYP2D6-substrate:	0.769
CYP3A4-inhibitor:	0.022	CYP3A4-substrate:	0.321
CYP2B6-substrate:	0.565	CYP2C8-inhibitor:	1.0
HLM stability:	0.978 ? Human liver microsomal (HLM) stability. Category 0: stable+ (HLM > 30 min); Category 1: unstable- (HLM ≤ 30 min). The output value is the probability of human liver microsomal instability, where a value closer to 1 indicates a higher likelihood of instability.

ADMET: Excretion

Clearance (CL):

8.288

Half-life (T1/2):

1.325

ADMET: Toxicity

hERG Blockers:	0.288	hERG Blockers (10um):	0.623
Human Hepatotoxicity (H-HT):	0.67	Drug-induced Liver Injury (DILI):	0.702
AMES Toxicity:	0.798	Rat Oral Acute Toxicity:	0.457
Maximum Recommended Daily Dose:	0.686	Skin Sensitization:	0.5
Carcinogencity:	0.695	Eye Corrosion:	0.123
Eye Irritation:	0.985	Respiratory Toxicity:	0.773
Drug-induced Neurotoxicity:	0.935	Ototoxicity:	0.334
Hematotoxicity:	0.404	Drug-induced Nephrotoxicity:	0.655
Genotoxicity:	0.536	RPMI-8226 Immunitoxicity:	0.072
A549 Cytotoxicity:	0.323	Hek293 Cytotoxicity:	0.329
BCF:	3.069 ? Bioconcentration factors are used for considering secondary poisoning potential and assessing risks to human health via the food chain. The unit is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	IGC50:	4.35 ? 48 hour Tetrahymena pyriformis IGC50. The unit of IGC50 is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].
LC50DM:	5.621 ? 48 hour Daphnia magna LC50. The unit of LC50DM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	LC50FM:	5.447 ? 96 hour fathead minnow LC50. The unit of LC50FM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].

Species Source

Organism ID	Organism Name	Taxonomy Level	Family	SuperKingdom	Isolation Part	Collection Location	Collection Time	Reference
NPO163	Daucus carota	Species	Apiaceae	Eukaryota		n.a.	n.a.	DOI[10.1016/0045-6535(91)90110-Y]
NPO163	Daucus carota	Species	Apiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	DOI[10.1016/j.abb.2017.09.009]
NPO55629	Rheum palmatun	Genus	Polygonaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	DOI[10.1016/j.jarmap.2018.11.004]
NPO163	Daucus carota	Species	Apiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	DOI[10.1016/j.jfca.2004.07.004]
NPO163	Daucus carota	Species	Apiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	DOI[10.1016/j.jfca.2005.08.001]
NPO163	Daucus carota	Species	Apiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	retail stores, supermarkets and market stalls in Forssa and in the Helsinki area	2003Ã¢â‚¬â€œ2005	DOI[10.1016/j.jfca.2006.05.007]
NPO21707	Trichosanthes kirilowii	Species	Cucurbitaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	seed	n.a.	DOI[10.1016/S0031-9422(00)97029-8]
NPO163	Daucus carota	Species	Apiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	DOI[10.1016/S0885-5765(05)80069-4]
NPO1436	Houttuynia cordata	Species	Saururaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	DOI[10.5897/AJB11.1524]
NPO163	Daucus carota	Species	Apiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	1996-Sep	PMID[10352947]
NPO31390	Cynanchum paniculatum	Species	Apocynaceae	Eukaryota	roots	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[14738392]
NPO10780	Bletilla striata	Species	Orchidaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[15686910]
NPO163	Daucus carota	Species	Apiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[15877880]
NPO163	Daucus carota	Species	Apiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[18460139]
NPO163	Daucus carota	Species	Apiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	Northeastern Regional Plant Introduction Station at Geneva	1966, 1967, and 1968 crop seasons	PMID[18460139]
NPO21707	Trichosanthes kirilowii	Species	Cucurbitaceae	Eukaryota	seeds	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[18603435]
NPO3478	Nelumbo nucifera	Species	Nelumbonaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[19919095]
NPO21707	Trichosanthes kirilowii	Species	Cucurbitaceae	Eukaryota	Seeds	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[20469887]
NPO163	Daucus carota	Species	Apiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	exocarp	n.a.	PMID[21800857]
NPO163	Daucus carota	Species	Apiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[21800857]
NPO163	Daucus carota	Species	Apiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	root	n.a.	PMID[21800857]
NPO3478	Nelumbo nucifera	Species	Nelumbonaceae	Eukaryota	flower buds and leaves	Khon Kaen province, Thailand	2010	PMID[23270663]
NPO3478	Nelumbo nucifera	Species	Nelumbonaceae	Eukaryota	Leaves	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[23642481]
NPO10780	Bletilla striata	Species	Orchidaceae	Eukaryota	Fibrous Roots	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[25760525]
NPO3478	Nelumbo nucifera	Species	Nelumbonaceae	Eukaryota	Flowers	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[26462418]
NPO163	Daucus carota	Species	Apiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[2831703]
NPO1436	Houttuynia cordata	Species	Saururaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[29099182]
NPO10780	Bletilla striata	Species	Orchidaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[31415170]
NPO1436	Houttuynia cordata	Species	Saururaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[32456033]
NPO163	Daucus carota	Species	Apiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[6821187]
NPO2776	Lactuca sativa	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO3478	Nelumbo nucifera	Species	Nelumbonaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO163	Daucus carota	Species	Apiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO21707	Trichosanthes kirilowii	Species	Cucurbitaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO23674	Jatropha curcas	Species	Euphorbiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO1436	Houttuynia cordata	Species	Saururaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO19048	Pinellia ternata	Species	Araceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO10780	Bletilla striata	Species	Orchidaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO31390	Cynanchum paniculatum	Species	Apocynaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO3478	Nelumbo nucifera	Species	Nelumbonaceae	Eukaryota	Seed	n.a.	n.a.	Database[FooDB]
NPO163	Daucus carota	Species	Apiaceae	Eukaryota	Plant	n.a.	n.a.	Database[FooDB]
NPO2776	Lactuca sativa	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	Leaf	n.a.	n.a.	Database[FooDB]
NPO163	Daucus carota	Species	Apiaceae	Eukaryota	Leaf	n.a.	n.a.	Database[FooDB]
NPO2776	Lactuca sativa	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	Latex Exudate	n.a.	n.a.	Database[FooDB]
NPO3478	Nelumbo nucifera	Species	Nelumbonaceae	Eukaryota	Fruit	n.a.	n.a.	Database[FooDB]
NPO2776	Lactuca sativa	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	Fruit	n.a.	n.a.	Database[FooDB]
NPO2776	Lactuca sativa	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota		n.a.	n.a.	Database[FooDB]
NPO163	Daucus carota	Species	Apiaceae	Eukaryota		n.a.	n.a.	Database[FooDB]
NPO3478	Nelumbo nucifera	Species	Nelumbonaceae	Eukaryota	Rhizome	n.a.	n.a.	Database[FooDB]
NPO163	Daucus carota	Species	Apiaceae	Eukaryota	Root	n.a.	n.a.	Database[FooDB]
NPO163	Daucus carota	Species	Apiaceae	Eukaryota	Seed	n.a.	n.a.	Database[FooDB]
NPO163	Daucus carota	Species	Apiaceae	Eukaryota	Shoot	n.a.	n.a.	Database[FooDB]
NPO163	Daucus carota	Species	Apiaceae	Eukaryota	Tissue Culture	n.a.	n.a.	Database[FooDB]
NPO3478	Nelumbo nucifera	Species	Nelumbonaceae	Eukaryota		n.a.	n.a.	Database[FooDB]
NPO163	Daucus carota	Species	Apiaceae	Eukaryota	Fruit	n.a.	n.a.	Database[FooDB]
NPO163	Daucus carota	Species	Apiaceae	Eukaryota	Roots	n.a.		Database[FooDB]
NPO2776	Lactuca sativa	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO1436	Houttuynia cordata	Species	Saururaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO31390	Cynanchum paniculatum	Species	Apocynaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO21707	Trichosanthes kirilowii	Species	Cucurbitaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO163	Daucus carota	Species	Apiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO3478	Nelumbo nucifera	Species	Nelumbonaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO10780	Bletilla striata	Species	Orchidaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO19048	Pinellia ternata	Species	Araceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO23674	Jatropha curcas	Species	Euphorbiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO163	Daucus carota	Species	Apiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.		Database[Phenol-Explorer]
NPO2776	Lactuca sativa	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO21707	Trichosanthes kirilowii	Species	Cucurbitaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO19048	Pinellia ternata	Species	Araceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO1436	Houttuynia cordata	Species	Saururaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO10780	Bletilla striata	Species	Orchidaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO24694	Vincetoxicum pycnostelma	Species	Apocynaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO3478	Nelumbo nucifera	Species	Nelumbonaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO23674	Jatropha curcas	Species	Euphorbiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO163	Daucus carota	Species	Apiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO2776	Lactuca sativa	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO163	Daucus carota	Species	Apiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO1436	Houttuynia cordata	Species	Saururaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO10780	Bletilla striata	Species	Orchidaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO3478	Nelumbo nucifera	Species	Nelumbonaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO31390	Cynanchum paniculatum	Species	Apocynaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO21707	Trichosanthes kirilowii	Species	Cucurbitaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO19048	Pinellia ternata	Species	Araceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO3478	Nelumbo nucifera	Species	Nelumbonaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TM-MC]
NPO10780	Bletilla striata	Species	Orchidaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TM-MC]
NPO163	Daucus carota	Species	Apiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TM-MC]
NPO19048	Pinellia ternata	Species	Araceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TM-MC]
NPO1436	Houttuynia cordata	Species	Saururaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TM-MC]
NPO21707	Trichosanthes kirilowii	Species	Cucurbitaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TM-MC]
NPO24694	Vincetoxicum pycnostelma	Species	Apocynaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TM-MC]
NPO19048	Pinellia ternata	Species	Araceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO23674	Jatropha curcas	Species	Euphorbiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO163	Daucus carota	Species	Apiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO10780	Bletilla striata	Species	Orchidaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO3478	Nelumbo nucifera	Species	Nelumbonaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO2776	Lactuca sativa	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP source organism data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated them from below databases:
☉ UNPD: Universal Natural Products Database [PMID: 23638153].
☉ StreptomeDB: a database of streptomycetes natural products [PMID: 33051671].
☉ TM-MC: a database of medicinal materials and chemical compounds in Northeast Asian traditional medicine [PMID: 26156871].
☉ TCM@Taiwan: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 21253603].
☉ TCMID: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 29106634].
☉ TCMSP: The traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform [PMID: 24735618].
☉ HerDing: a herb recommendation system to treat diseases using genes and chemicals [PMID: 26980517].
☉ MetaboLights: a metabolomics database [PMID: 27010336].
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

NP Quantity Composition/Concentration

Organism ID	Organism Name	Organism Material Preparation	Organism Part	NP Quantity (Standard)	NP Quantity (Minimum)	NP Quantity (Maximum)	Quantity Unit	Reference
NPO163	Daucus carota	Raw, Dried	n.a.	0.00028	0.00027	0.00029	ug/kg of DW	DOI[10.1016/0045-6535(91)90110-Y]
NPO2776	Lactuca sativa	Raw	n.a.	3	1	5	ug/kg of FW	PMID[FooDB]

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP quantitative records for specific NP domains (e.g., NPS from foods or herbs) from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ DUKE: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases.
☉ PHENOL EXPLORER: is the first comprehensive database on polyphenol content in foods [PMID: 24103452], its homepage can be accessed at here.
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

Biological Activity

Activity Type	# Activity
Potency	29
IC50	2
Ratio	1
LDH	1

Activity Type	# Activity
Individual protein	7
Cell line	2
Others	24

Molecular-level activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference
NPT163	Individual protein	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens	Potency	n.a.	50540	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT163	Individual protein	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens	Potency	n.a.	48966.2	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT3021	Individual protein	Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase	Bos taurus	IC50	>	30000.0	nM	PMID[9371243]
NPT106	Individual protein	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta	Homo sapiens	Potency	n.a.	50118.7	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT108	Individual protein	Estrogen receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	Potency	n.a.	11220.2	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT198	Individual protein	Vitamin D receptor	Homo sapiens	Potency	n.a.	2.0	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT152	Individual protein	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2	Homo sapiens	Potency	n.a.	17228.9	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set

In vitro activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference
NPT941	Cell line	HaCaT	Homo sapiens	IC50	>	5000.0	nM	PMID[9371243]
NPT941	Cell line	HaCaT	Homo sapiens	LDH	=	131.0	MU	PMID[9371243]
NPT610	Others	Molecular identity unknown	n.a.	Ratio	<	0.3	n.a.	PMID[9371243]
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Potency	n.a.	13685.4	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Potency	n.a.	5009.3	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Potency	n.a.	34376.2	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Potency	n.a.	80.1	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Potency	n.a.	27306	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Potency	n.a.	25105.7	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Potency	n.a.	68589.6	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Potency	n.a.	19331.2	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Potency	n.a.	54482.7	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Potency	n.a.	39789.9	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Potency	n.a.	3889.5	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Potency	n.a.	21689.9	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Potency	n.a.	7939.1	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Potency	n.a.	567.1	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Potency	n.a.	17228.9	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Potency	n.a.	8907.9	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Potency	n.a.	5448.3	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Potency	n.a.	56706.8	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Potency	n.a.	7075.8	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Potency	n.a.	8634.9	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Potency	n.a.	54941	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Potency	n.a.	2237.6	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set

In vivo activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

Experimental ADME

Experiment Model	Experiment Tissue	ADME Type	ADME Relation	ADME Value	ADME Unit	Reference

Experimental Toxicity

Quantitative toxicity

Experiment Model	Experiment Organism	Toxicity Type	Toxicity Relation	Toxicity Value	Toxicity Unit	Reference
-	Rattus norvegicus	LOEL	=	100.0	mg/kg-day	ToxVal
-	Rattus norvegicus	LOEL	=	1.0	mg	ToxVal
-	Rattus norvegicus	NOEL	=	100.0	mg/kg-day	ToxVal
-	Mus musculus	LD50	=	2.617522098	mg/kg	TOXRIC
-	Mus musculus	NOEL	=	1000.0	mg/kg-day	ToxVal
-	Mus musculus	NOEL	=	40.0	ul/org	ToxVal
-	Mus musculus	LOEL	=	50.0	mg/kg-day	ToxVal
-	Mus musculus	NOEL	=	0.112	mmol/kg	ToxVal
-	Mus musculus	NOEL	=	125.0	mg/kg-day	ToxVal
-	Mus musculus	NOEL	=	1.0	% w/v	ToxVal
-	Mus musculus	NOAEL	=	1000.0	mg/kg-day	ToxVal
-	Homo sapiens	RfD	=	1.0	mg/kg-day	ToxVal
-	Homo sapiens	RfD	=	0.3	mg/kg-day	ToxVal
-	Homo sapiens	RfD (provisional)	=	1.0	mg/kg-day	ToxVal
-	Homo sapiens	Medium-Specific Concentration	=	0.066	mg/L	ToxVal
-	Homo sapiens	LEL	=	43738.6	mg/m3	ToxVal
-	Homo sapiens	PAC-3	=	3200.0	mg/m3	ToxVal
-	Homo sapiens	PAC-2	=	530.0	mg/m3	ToxVal
-	Homo sapiens	PAC-1	=	48.0	mg/m3	ToxVal
-	Homo sapiens	MEG	=	14.0	mg/L	ToxVal
-	Homo sapiens	MEG	=	39000.0	mg/kg	ToxVal
-	Homo sapiens	MEG	=	4.0	mg/m3	ToxVal
-	Homo sapiens	MEG	=	30.0	mg/m3	ToxVal
-	Homo sapiens	MEG	=	150.0	mg/m3	ToxVal
-	Homo sapiens	MRL	=	10.0	mg/kg-day	ToxVal
-	Homo sapiens	RfD	=	0.228	mg/kg-day	ToxVal

Common Abbreviations:
LC: Lethal Concentration; LD: Lethal Dose; LT:Lethal Time; NOAEL: No-observed-adverse-effect Level; BMDL: Benchmark Dose Lower Confidence Limit; BMD: Benchmark Dose; BMC:Benchmark Concentration; LOAEL: Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level; RfD:Reference Dose; RfC:Reference Concentration; MRL: Minimal Risk Level; MEG: Maximum Exposure Guideline; PAC: Protective Action Criteria

Categorical toxicity labels

Hepatotoxicity	Carcinogenicity	Mutagenicity	Cardiotoxicity	Respiratory Toxicity	Eye Irritation	Endocrine Disruption

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP toxicity records from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ ToxValDB: a curated database that compiles quantitative toxicity values for chemicals from diverse public sources to support toxicological research and risk assessment.
☉ TOXRIC: a comprehensive, free-to-access, online database providing toxicological/feature data. The toxicity labels are retrieved from this database. [PMID: 36400569]

Chemically structural similarity

Similar Active Natural Products in NPASS

Top-200 similar NPs were calculated against the active-NP-set (includes approximately 50,000 NPs with experimentally-derived bioactivity available in NPASS)

Similarity is measured using the Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) , which compares the binary fingerprints of two molecules. Tc is calculated as the intersection divided by the union of '1' bits in the fingerprints, ranging from 0 to 1, with 1 indicating highest similarity.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC258492 and all remaining natural products in the NPASS database.
● The right table: Most similar natural products (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	47646
0.1-0.2	2119
0.2-0.3	70
0.3-0.4	18
0.4-0.5	3
0.5-0.6	0
0.6-0.7	1
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	0
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Natural Product ID
0.6667	Remote Similarity	NPC291066

Similar Clinical/Approved Drugs

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC258492 and all drugs/candidates.
● The right table: Most similar clinical/approved drugs (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	8728
0.1-0.2	406
0.2-0.3	16
0.3-0.4	0
0.4-0.5	0
0.5-0.6	0
0.6-0.7	0
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	0
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Drug ID	Developmental Stage
		NPD

Bioactivity similarity

Similar Natural Products in NPASS

Similarity level is defined by Bioactivity similarity was calculated based on bioactivity descriptors of compounds. The bioactivity descriptors were calculated by a recently developed AI algorithm Chemical Checker (CC) [Nature Biotechnology, 38:1087–1096, 2020; Nature Communications, 12:3932, 2021], which evaluated bioactivity similarities at five levels:
☉ A: chemistry similarity;
☉ B: biological targets similarity;
☉ C: networks similarity;
☉ D: cell-based bioactivity similarity;
☉ E: similarity based on clinical data.
Those 5 categories of CC bioactivity descriptors were calculated and then subjected to manifold projection using UMAP algorithm, to project all NPs on a 2-Dimensional space. The current NP was highlighted with a small circle in the 2-D map. Below figures: left-to-right, A-to-E.

A: chemistry similarity

B: biological targets similarity

C: networks similarity

D: cell-based bioactivity similarity

E: similarity based on clinical data