NPASS Compound

Natural Product: NPC16021

Natural Product ID	NPC16021
Common Name ? The InCHIKey will be temporarily assigned as the "Common Name" if no IUPAC name or alternative short name is available.	Ganoderic Acid B
IUPAC Name	(6R)-6-[(3S,5R,7S,10S,13R,14R,17R)-3,7-dihydroxy-4,4,10,13,14-pentamethyl-11,15-dioxo-2,3,5,6,7,12,16,17-octahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2-methyl-4-oxoheptanoic acid
Synonyms
Synthetic Gene Cluster	n.a.
ChEMBL Identifier	CHEMBL1087180
PubChem CID	10098048
Chemical Classification	CHEMONTID:0000000 [Organic compounds] [CHEMONTID:0000012] Lipids and lipid-like molecules [CHEMONTID:0000259] Prenol lipids [CHEMONTID:0001553] Triterpenoids

The Chemical Classification was calculated by Classyfire, a software for chemical taxonomy calculation. Reference: DOI:10.1186/s13321-016-0174-y.

Chemical Representations

RDKit 3D 81 84 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000 3.4221 -1.6641 -0.4550 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.3873 -0.1912 -0.1973 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.9084 0.1856 1.1723 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.3211 -0.2365 1.3748 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.5530 -1.3762 1.7337 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.4603 0.6836 1.1552 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.2392 0.4413 -0.0919 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.3789 1.4649 -0.1901 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.8483 -0.9026 -0.1919 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9.1165 -1.0469 -0.2689 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.1319 -2.0868 -0.2124 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.1440 0.5114 -0.5924 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.9785 0.3031 -2.0892 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.5669 -0.1532 -2.2172 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2073 -0.8951 -3.1240 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.1190 0.4696 -1.1015 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.2113 1.9589 -1.3899 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.4619 0.0053 -0.7716 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.8760 0.3093 0.4742 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.0004 1.0474 1.3662 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.4934 1.5214 2.4452 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.4427 1.2791 1.0837 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.8706 0.2386 0.0570 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.6551 -1.0998 0.6826 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.2416 -0.1735 0.8058 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.0969 -1.6561 1.0343 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.8611 0.4216 2.0221 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.1793 -0.3415 2.2350 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.0781 -0.3320 1.0549 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.5256 0.3810 -0.1451 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.8941 1.8619 0.0211 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.2882 -0.0872 -1.3853 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.0873 0.1995 -0.3869 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.7277 -0.7606 -1.4835 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.2498 -0.7171 -1.7681 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.8462 -2.0343 -1.9920 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.5376 -1.6291 0.7264 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.2293 -1.9694 -1.1896 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.6844 -2.2711 0.4513 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.4841 -2.0462 -0.9563 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.1703 0.2506 -0.8994 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.3164 -0.1940 2.0105 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.8825 1.3106 1.2848 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.1660 0.6713 2.0089 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.1084 1.7571 1.1069 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.6485 0.5862 -1.0196 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.0122 2.4952 -0.0761 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.7596 1.3694 -1.2392 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9.1895 1.1846 0.5087 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.5055 -2.9311 -0.6358 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.3656 1.6164 -0.4693 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.6281 -0.4987 -2.4737 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.0724 1.2454 -2.6682 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.5922 2.0505 -2.4506 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.7491 2.4689 -1.3718 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.8842 2.4267 -0.6717 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.6383 2.3122 0.7135 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.9749 1.1738 2.0394 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.5292 -1.5391 1.1719 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.1083 -1.0325 1.5159 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2123 -1.8110 -0.0447 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.0645 -1.8176 2.1545 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.8756 -2.2858 0.6313 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.1115 -2.0669 0.7042 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.2844 0.2308 2.9569 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.1440 1.4879 1.9386 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.6321 0.1553 3.1384 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.0087 -1.3880 2.5403 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.0210 0.2010 1.3610 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.6413 2.1994 -0.6942 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.9815 2.5014 -0.1312 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.2886 2.0725 1.0375 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.0539 -1.1109 -1.6677 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.0332 0.6651 -2.1870 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.3775 0.0850 -1.1951 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.7044 1.2051 -0.7488 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.0981 -1.7919 -1.3177 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.2810 -0.4138 -2.3962 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.0953 -0.2170 -2.7737 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.5355 -2.6860 -1.7262 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.3668 -1.5511 0.2282 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 0 2 3 1 0 3 4 1 0 4 5 2 0 4 6 1 0 6 7 1 0 7 8 1 0 7 9 1 0 9 10 2 0 9 11 1 0 2 12 1 0 12 13 1 0 13 14 1 0 14 15 2 0 14 16 1 0 16 17 1 6 16 18 1 0 18 19 2 0 19 20 1 0 20 21 2 0 20 22 1 0 22 23 1 0 23 24 1 1 19 25 1 0 25 26 1 1 25 27 1 0 27 28 1 0 28 29 1 0 29 30 1 0 30 31 1 0 30 32 1 0 30 33 1 0 33 34 1 0 34 35 1 0 35 36 1 0 29 37 1 0 23 12 1 0 33 25 1 0 23 16 1 0 35 18 1 0 1 38 1 0 1 39 1 0 1 40 1 0 2 41 1 6 3 42 1 0 3 43 1 0 6 44 1 0 6 45 1 0 7 46 1 0 8 47 1 0 8 48 1 0 8 49 1 0 11 50 1 0 12 51 1 6 13 52 1 0 13 53 1 0 17 54 1 0 17 55 1 0 17 56 1 0 22 57 1 0 22 58 1 0 24 59 1 0 24 60 1 0 24 61 1 0 26 62 1 0 26 63 1 0 26 64 1 0 27 65 1 0 27 66 1 0 28 67 1 0 28 68 1 0 29 69 1 1 31 70 1 0 31 71 1 0 31 72 1 0 32 73 1 0 32 74 1 0 32 75 1 0 33 76 1 6 34 77 1 0 34 78 1 0 35 79 1 6 36 80 1 0 37 81 1 0 M END

Standard InCHIKey	LWPLEHFGBRFRKI-BBFKVXDGSA-N
Standard InCHI	InChI=1S/C30H44O7/c1-15(10-17(31)11-16(2)26(36)37)18-12-23(35)30(7)25-19(32)13-21-27(3,4)22(34)8-9-28(21,5)24(25)20(33)14-29(18,30)6/h15-16,18-19,21-22,32,34H,8-14H2,1-7H3,(H,36,37)/t15-,16?,18-,19+,21+,22+,28+,29-,30+/m1/s1
SMILES	C[C@H](CC(=O)CC(C)C(=O)O)[C@H]1CC(=O)[C@@]2(C)C3=C(C(=O)C[C@]12C)[C@@]1(C)CC[C@@H](C(C)(C)[C@@H]1C[C@@H]3O)O

Calculated Properties

Physi-Chem Properties

MedChem Properties

ADMET Properties (ADMETlab3.0)

ADMET: Absorption

ADMET: Distribution

ADMET: Metabolism

ADMET: Excretion

ADMET: Toxicity

Species Source

Organism ID	Organism Name	Taxonomy Level	Family	SuperKingdom	Isolation Part	Collection Location	Collection Time	Reference
NPO25269	Ganoderma lucidum	Species	Ganodermataceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	DOI[10.1016/j.phytochem.2005.10.025]
NPO25269	Ganoderma lucidum	Species	Ganodermataceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	fruit body	n.a.	PMID[11520245]
NPO25269	Ganoderma lucidum	Species	Ganodermataceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[12045343]
NPO25269	Ganoderma lucidum	Species	Ganodermataceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[14695801]
NPO25269	Ganoderma lucidum	Species	Ganodermataceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[1791484]
NPO25269	Ganoderma lucidum	Species	Ganodermataceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	spore	n.a.	PMID[18827358]
NPO25269	Ganoderma lucidum	Species	Ganodermataceae	Eukaryota	fruiting bodies	Nagano, Japan	2008-MAY	PMID[20039640]
NPO25269	Ganoderma lucidum	Species	Ganodermataceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[20384295]
NPO25269	Ganoderma lucidum	Species	Ganodermataceae	Eukaryota	fruiting bodies	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[20702092]
NPO25269	Ganoderma lucidum	Species	Ganodermataceae	Eukaryota	fruiting bodies	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[21924611]
NPO25269	Ganoderma lucidum	Species	Ganodermataceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[22014750]
NPO25269	Ganoderma lucidum	Species	Ganodermataceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	fruit body	n.a.	PMID[22044278]
NPO25269	Ganoderma lucidum	Species	Ganodermataceae	Eukaryota	fruiting body	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[22047696]
NPO25269	Ganoderma lucidum	Species	Ganodermataceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[26222905]
NPO25269	Ganoderma lucidum	Species	Ganodermataceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	fruit body	n.a.	PMID[9635497]
NPO25269	Ganoderma lucidum	Species	Ganodermataceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO16609	Ganoderma sinense	Species	Ganodermataceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO25269	Ganoderma lucidum	Species	Ganodermataceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO25269	Ganoderma lucidum	Species	Ganodermataceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO25269	Ganoderma lucidum	Species	Ganodermataceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO16609	Ganoderma sinense	Species	Ganodermataceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TM-MC]
NPO25269	Ganoderma lucidum	Species	Ganodermataceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TM-MC]
NPO16609	Ganoderma sinense	Species	Ganodermataceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO25269	Ganoderma lucidum	Species	Ganodermataceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP source organism data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated them from below databases:
☉ UNPD: Universal Natural Products Database [PMID: 23638153].
☉ StreptomeDB: a database of streptomycetes natural products [PMID: 33051671].
☉ TM-MC: a database of medicinal materials and chemical compounds in Northeast Asian traditional medicine [PMID: 26156871].
☉ TCM@Taiwan: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 21253603].
☉ TCMID: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 29106634].
☉ TCMSP: The traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform [PMID: 24735618].
☉ HerDing: a herb recommendation system to treat diseases using genes and chemicals [PMID: 26980517].
☉ MetaboLights: a metabolomics database [PMID: 27010336].
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

NP Quantity Composition/Concentration

Organism ID	Organism Name	Organism Material Preparation	Organism Part	NP Quantity (Standard)	NP Quantity (Minimum)	NP Quantity (Maximum)	Quantity Unit	Reference

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP quantitative records for specific NP domains (e.g., NPS from foods or herbs) from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ DUKE: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases.
☉ PHENOL EXPLORER: is the first comprehensive database on polyphenol content in foods [PMID: 24103452], its homepage can be accessed at here.
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

Biological Activity

Activity Type	# Activity
IC50	10
Kd	1
Inhibition	1

Activity Type	# Activity
Individual protein	4
Cell line	6
Others	1
Non-molecular	1

Molecular-level activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference
NPT204	Individual protein	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	IC50	=	22630.0	nM	PMID[21924611]
NPT41	Individual protein	Aldose reductase	Homo sapiens	IC50	>	193500.0	nM	PMID[22047696]
NPT516	Individual protein	TNF-alpha	Homo sapiens	Kd	=	8.81	nM	PMID[24974349]
NPT439	Individual protein	Butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	IC50	>	200000.0	nM	PMID[21924611]

In vitro activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference
NPT520	Cell line	3T3-L1	Mus musculus	Inhibition	=	22.0	%	PMID[20039640]
NPT515	Cell line	SGC-7901	Homo sapiens	IC50	=	7250.0	nM	PMID[23092389]
NPT181	Cell line	Bel-7402	Homo sapiens	IC50	=	7250.0	nM	PMID[23092389]
NPT168	Cell line	P388	Mus musculus	IC50	=	7250.0	nM	PMID[23092389]
NPT165	Cell line	HeLa	Homo sapiens	IC50	=	202000.0	nM	PMID[23092389]
NPT65	Cell line	HepG2	Homo sapiens	IC50	=	97400.0	nM	PMID[24974349]
NPT20529	Non-molecular	NON-PROTEIN TARGET	n.a.	IC50	=	20230.0	nM	PMID[27335254]
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	IC50	=	464400.0	nM	PMID[24070782]

In vivo activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

Experimental ADME

Experiment Model	Experiment Tissue	ADME Type	ADME Relation	ADME Value	ADME Unit	Reference

Experimental Toxicity

Quantitative toxicity

Experiment Model	Experiment Organism	Toxicity Type	Toxicity Relation	Toxicity Value	Toxicity Unit	Reference

Common Abbreviations:
LC: Lethal Concentration; LD: Lethal Dose; LT:Lethal Time; NOAEL: No-observed-adverse-effect Level; BMDL: Benchmark Dose Lower Confidence Limit; BMD: Benchmark Dose; BMC:Benchmark Concentration; LOAEL: Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level; RfD:Reference Dose; RfC:Reference Concentration; MRL: Minimal Risk Level; MEG: Maximum Exposure Guideline; PAC: Protective Action Criteria

Categorical toxicity labels

Hepatotoxicity	Carcinogenicity	Mutagenicity	Cardiotoxicity	Respiratory Toxicity	Eye Irritation	Endocrine Disruption

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP toxicity records from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ ToxValDB: a curated database that compiles quantitative toxicity values for chemicals from diverse public sources to support toxicological research and risk assessment.
☉ TOXRIC: a comprehensive, free-to-access, online database providing toxicological/feature data. The toxicity labels are retrieved from this database. [PMID: 36400569]

Chemically structural similarity

Similar Active Natural Products in NPASS

Top-200 similar NPs were calculated against the active-NP-set (includes approximately 50,000 NPs with experimentally-derived bioactivity available in NPASS)

Similarity is measured using the Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) , which compares the binary fingerprints of two molecules. Tc is calculated as the intersection divided by the union of '1' bits in the fingerprints, ranging from 0 to 1, with 1 indicating highest similarity.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC16021 and all remaining natural products in the NPASS database.
● The right table: Most similar natural products (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	20460
0.1-0.2	26761
0.2-0.3	2404
0.3-0.4	162
0.4-0.5	29
0.5-0.6	21
0.6-0.7	11
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	1
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Natural Product ID
0.8	Intermediate Similarity	NPC255809
0.7794	Intermediate Similarity	NPC243525
0.7794	Intermediate Similarity	NPC55872
0.7794	Intermediate Similarity	NPC40765
0.7536	Intermediate Similarity	NPC51452
0.75	Intermediate Similarity	NPC122294
0.7143	Intermediate Similarity	NPC144660
0.7123	Intermediate Similarity	NPC115303
0.7083	Intermediate Similarity	NPC293753
0.6986	Remote Similarity	NPC21358
0.6986	Remote Similarity	NPC234892
0.6714	Remote Similarity	NPC488420
0.6714	Remote Similarity	NPC600686
0.6579	Remote Similarity	NPC281702
0.6389	Remote Similarity	NPC157787
0.6364	Remote Similarity	NPC297199
0.6267	Remote Similarity	NPC95565
0.6267	Remote Similarity	NPC307954
0.6267	Remote Similarity	NPC606047
0.6267	Remote Similarity	NPC609201
0.5974	Remote Similarity	NPC2436
0.5946	Remote Similarity	NPC107690
0.5915	Remote Similarity	NPC209882
0.5915	Remote Similarity	NPC607131
0.5733	Remote Similarity	NPC37646
0.5584	Remote Similarity	NPC488423
0.5584	Remote Similarity	NPC106557
0.5526	Remote Similarity	NPC251017
0.5513	Remote Similarity	NPC51370
0.5513	Remote Similarity	NPC287833
0.5455	Remote Similarity	NPC241156
0.5455	Remote Similarity	NPC28656
0.5455	Remote Similarity	NPC488419
0.5455	Remote Similarity	NPC600288
0.5316	Remote Similarity	NPC286174
0.5263	Remote Similarity	NPC3772
0.5185	Remote Similarity	NPC25750
0.5185	Remote Similarity	NPC480125
0.5185	Remote Similarity	NPC610087
0.5125	Remote Similarity	NPC600026
0.5063	Remote Similarity	NPC264404

Similar Clinical/Approved Drugs

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC16021 and all drugs/candidates.
● The right table: Most similar clinical/approved drugs (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	6097
0.1-0.2	3012
0.2-0.3	41
0.3-0.4	0
0.4-0.5	0
0.5-0.6	0
0.6-0.7	0
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	0
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Drug ID	Developmental Stage
		NPD

Bioactivity similarity

Similar Natural Products in NPASS

Similarity level is defined by Bioactivity similarity was calculated based on bioactivity descriptors of compounds. The bioactivity descriptors were calculated by a recently developed AI algorithm Chemical Checker (CC) [Nature Biotechnology, 38:1087–1096, 2020; Nature Communications, 12:3932, 2021], which evaluated bioactivity similarities at five levels:
☉ A: chemistry similarity;
☉ B: biological targets similarity;
☉ C: networks similarity;
☉ D: cell-based bioactivity similarity;
☉ E: similarity based on clinical data.
Those 5 categories of CC bioactivity descriptors were calculated and then subjected to manifold projection using UMAP algorithm, to project all NPs on a 2-Dimensional space. The current NP was highlighted with a small circle in the 2-D map. Below figures: left-to-right, A-to-E.

A: chemistry similarity

B: biological targets similarity

C: networks similarity

D: cell-based bioactivity similarity

E: similarity based on clinical data