NPASS Compound

Natural Product: NPC144015

Natural Product ID	NPC144015
Common Name ? The InCHIKey will be temporarily assigned as the "Common Name" if no IUPAC name or alternative short name is available.	HRSGCYGUWHGOPY-WUXMJOGZSA-N
IUPAC Name	n.a.
Synonyms
Synthetic Gene Cluster	n.a.
ChEMBL Identifier	n.a.
PubChem CID	5376265
Chemical Classification	CHEMONTID:0000000 [Organic compounds] [CHEMONTID:0000279] Alkaloids and derivatives

The Chemical Classification was calculated by Classyfire, a software for chemical taxonomy calculation. Reference: DOI:10.1186/s13321-016-0174-y.

Chemical Representations

RDKit 3D 59 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000 8.1134 -0.9162 -0.3875 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.6646 -0.5735 -0.2830 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.9805 -0.0476 -1.2790 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.6698 0.2163 -2.5547 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.5707 0.2713 -1.1357 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.9293 0.7730 -2.0942 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.8534 0.0529 0.0299 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.5031 0.3434 0.2101 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.2151 1.2322 1.3868 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.8482 0.2678 2.4796 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.1614 -1.0618 1.9861 N 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.1263 -2.0163 2.4310 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.0823 -1.4527 1.7167 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.3381 -0.8115 0.6353 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.5863 -0.1139 -0.3321 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.9204 -0.2509 0.0872 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.9943 0.2877 -0.6053 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.7113 0.9201 -1.6519 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.4008 0.1222 -0.1299 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.2028 -0.6582 -1.1182 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.5589 -2.0351 -1.3310 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.3207 -0.0867 -2.3626 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.0766 1.4099 0.2078 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.2403 2.3607 -0.9326 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.4319 2.0845 1.4195 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.3821 1.0707 0.6348 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.4089 -0.6418 1.0651 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.7925 -0.9344 0.5912 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.3384 -1.6440 0.4134 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.7279 -0.0036 -0.1411 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.3770 -1.2735 -1.3926 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.1097 -0.7521 0.6467 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.8513 -0.7466 -3.0736 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.0768 0.9100 -3.1491 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.6378 0.7258 -2.2942 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.0841 0.7771 -0.7202 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.3024 1.8381 1.1553 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.0086 1.9290 1.6414 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.3524 0.4889 3.4390 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.7583 0.2691 2.6966 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.3875 -3.0126 2.0743 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.0384 -1.9021 3.5142 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.0770 -1.6066 2.1098 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.3473 0.9511 -0.4208 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.4071 -0.5711 -1.3404 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.2353 -0.8252 -0.7346 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.4951 -1.8946 -1.5603 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.6001 -2.5253 -0.3207 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.1218 -2.6024 -2.0728 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.6191 -0.4086 -3.0046 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.9489 3.3761 -0.5592 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.7015 2.0961 -1.8430 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.3171 2.4927 -1.2477 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.2042 2.6660 1.9327 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.1099 1.2632 2.0896 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.6068 2.7537 1.1168 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.2344 0.4661 1.4259 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.6304 -1.2642 0.9564 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.1568 -1.7826 -0.0207 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 0 2 3 2 0 3 4 1 0 3 5 1 0 5 6 2 0 5 7 1 0 7 8 1 0 8 9 1 0 9 10 1 0 10 11 1 0 11 12 1 0 12 13 1 0 13 14 2 0 14 15 1 0 15 16 1 0 16 17 1 0 17 18 2 0 17 19 1 0 19 20 1 0 20 21 1 0 20 22 1 0 19 23 1 0 23 24 1 0 23 25 1 0 23 26 1 0 19 27 1 0 14 28 1 0 28 8 1 0 28 11 1 0 1 29 1 0 1 30 1 0 1 31 1 0 2 32 1 0 4 33 1 0 4 34 1 0 4 35 1 0 8 36 1 0 9 37 1 0 9 38 1 0 10 39 1 0 10 40 1 0 12 41 1 0 12 42 1 0 13 43 1 0 15 44 1 0 15 45 1 0 20 46 1 0 21 47 1 0 21 48 1 0 21 49 1 0 22 50 1 0 24 51 1 0 24 52 1 0 24 53 1 0 25 54 1 0 25 55 1 0 25 56 1 0 26 57 1 0 27 58 1 0 28 59 1 0 M END

Standard InCHIKey	HRSGCYGUWHGOPY-WUXMJOGZSA-N
Standard InCHI	InChI=1S/C20H31NO7/c1-6-12(2)17(23)28-15-8-10-21-9-7-14(16(15)21)11-27-18(24)20(26,13(3)22)19(4,5)25/h6-7,13,15-16,22,25-26H,8-11H2,1-5H3/b12-6+
SMILES	C/C=C(C)/C(=O)OC1CCN2CC=C(COC(=O)C(C(C)O)(C(C)(C)O)O)C12

Calculated Properties

Physi-Chem Properties

Molecular Weight:	397.21	Volume:	399.346 ? Van der Waals volume.
Dense:	0.995	LogP:	0.936 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficients.
logD7.4:	1.12 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficient at pH=7.4.	LogS:	-1.256 ? The logarithm of aqueous solubility value.
Rotatable Bonds:	9.0	Rigid Bonds:	12.0
TPSA:	116.53 ? Topological Polar Surface Area.	H-Bond Acceptor:	8.0
H-Bond Donor:	3.0	Rings:	2.0
Heavy Atoms:	8.0

MedChem Properties

QED Drug-Likeness Score:	0.319	GASA:	1.0 ? GASA represents the probability of being difficult to synthesize, ranging from 0 to 1.
Synthetic Accessibility Score:	4.582	Fsp³:	0.7
MCE-18:	45.882 ? MCE-18 stands for medicinal chemistry evolution.MCE-18≥45 is considered a suitable value.	Lipinski Rule-of-5:	Rejected
Pfizer Rule:	Rejected	GSK Rule:	Rejected
Golden Triangle Rule:	Rejected	BMS Rule:	0
Chelating Alert:	0	PAINS Alert:	0
Colloidal aggregators:	0.004	Fluc inhibitor:	0.0 ? The fluc inhibitor value is the probability of being fLuc inhibitors, within the range of 0 to 1.
Blue fluorescence:	0.014 ? The blue fluorescence value is the probability of being blue fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1	Green fluorescence:	0.127 ? The green fluorescence value is the probability of being green fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1
Reactive compounds:	0.004	Promiscuous compounds:	0.002

ADMET Properties (ADMETlab3.0)

ADMET: Absorption

Caco-2 Permeability:	-4.961	MDCK Permeability:	-4.883
Pgp-inhibitor:	0.001	Pgp-substrate:	0.105
PAMPA:	0.956 ? The experimental data for Peff was logarithmically transformed (logPeff). Molecules with log Peff values below 2.0 were classified as low-permeability (Category 0), while those with log Peff values exceeding 2.5 were classified as high-permeability (Category 1).	Human Intestinal Absorption (HIA):	0.405
20% Bioavailability (F20%):	0.793	30% Bioavailability (F30%):	0.963
50% Bioavailability (F50%):	0.996

ADMET: Distribution

Blood-Brain-Barrier Penetration (BBB):	0.089	MRP1:	0.996
Plasma Protein Binding (PPB):	49.141%	Volume Distribution (VD):	-0.152
Fu:	51.546% ? The fraction unbound in plasms.	OATP1B1 inhibitor:	0.734
OATP1B3 inhibitor:	0.963	BCRP inhibitor:	0.022
BSEP inhibitor:	0.486

ADMET: Metabolism

CYP1A2-inhibitor:	0.028	CYP1A2-substrate:	0.047
CYP2C19-inhibitor:	0.0	CYP2C19-substrate:	0.005
CYP2C9-inhibitor:	0.003	CYP2C9-substrate:	0.0
CYP2D6-inhibitor:	0.002	CYP2D6-substrate:	0.0
CYP3A4-inhibitor:	0.151	CYP3A4-substrate:	0.483
CYP2B6-substrate:	0.0	CYP2C8-inhibitor:	0.955
HLM stability:	0.22 ? Human liver microsomal (HLM) stability. Category 0: stable+ (HLM > 30 min); Category 1: unstable- (HLM ≤ 30 min). The output value is the probability of human liver microsomal instability, where a value closer to 1 indicates a higher likelihood of instability.

ADMET: Excretion

Clearance (CL):

5.474

Half-life (T1/2):

2.008

ADMET: Toxicity

hERG Blockers:	0.015	hERG Blockers (10um):	0.085
Human Hepatotoxicity (H-HT):	0.426	Drug-induced Liver Injury (DILI):	0.053
AMES Toxicity:	0.592	Rat Oral Acute Toxicity:	0.298
Maximum Recommended Daily Dose:	0.445	Skin Sensitization:	0.645
Carcinogencity:	0.748	Eye Corrosion:	0.0
Eye Irritation:	0.006	Respiratory Toxicity:	0.274
Drug-induced Neurotoxicity:	0.056	Ototoxicity:	0.869
Hematotoxicity:	0.191	Drug-induced Nephrotoxicity:	0.546
Genotoxicity:	0.98	RPMI-8226 Immunitoxicity:	0.043
A549 Cytotoxicity:	0.006	Hek293 Cytotoxicity:	0.206
BCF:	0.418 ? Bioconcentration factors are used for considering secondary poisoning potential and assessing risks to human health via the food chain. The unit is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	IGC50:	3.206 ? 48 hour Tetrahymena pyriformis IGC50. The unit of IGC50 is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].
LC50DM:	5.087 ? 48 hour Daphnia magna LC50. The unit of LC50DM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	LC50FM:	4.062 ? 96 hour fathead minnow LC50. The unit of LC50FM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].

Species Source

Organism ID	Organism Name	Taxonomy Level	Family	SuperKingdom	Isolation Part	Collection Location	Collection Time	Reference
NPO3735	Erythroxylum coca	Species	Erythroxylaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[25303034]
NPO3735	Erythroxylum coca	Species	Erythroxylaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	leaf	n.a.	Database[Article]
NPO21144	Symphytum orientale	Species	Boraginaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO9866	Symphytum tuberosum	Species	Boraginaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO23223	Symphytum officinale	Species	Boraginaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO15142	Echium plantagineum	Species	Boraginaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO19836	Symphytum caucasicum	Species	Boraginaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO3735	Erythroxylum coca	Species	Erythroxylaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO3735	Erythroxylum coca	Species	Erythroxylaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO19836	Symphytum caucasicum	Species	Boraginaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO9866	Symphytum tuberosum	Species	Boraginaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO23223	Symphytum officinale	Species	Boraginaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO21144	Symphytum orientale	Species	Boraginaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO15142	Echium plantagineum	Species	Boraginaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO15142	Echium plantagineum	Species	Boraginaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO23223	Symphytum officinale	Species	Boraginaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO21144	Symphytum orientale	Species	Boraginaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO3735	Erythroxylum coca	Species	Erythroxylaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO19836	Symphytum caucasicum	Species	Boraginaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO9866	Symphytum tuberosum	Species	Boraginaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO23223	Symphytum officinale	Species	Boraginaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO21144	Symphytum orientale	Species	Boraginaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO3735	Erythroxylum coca	Species	Erythroxylaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO21144	Symphytum orientale	Species	Boraginaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO19836	Symphytum caucasicum	Species	Boraginaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO23223	Symphytum officinale	Species	Boraginaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO15142	Echium plantagineum	Species	Boraginaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO9866	Symphytum tuberosum	Species	Boraginaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP source organism data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated them from below databases:
☉ UNPD: Universal Natural Products Database [PMID: 23638153].
☉ StreptomeDB: a database of streptomycetes natural products [PMID: 33051671].
☉ TM-MC: a database of medicinal materials and chemical compounds in Northeast Asian traditional medicine [PMID: 26156871].
☉ TCM@Taiwan: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 21253603].
☉ TCMID: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 29106634].
☉ TCMSP: The traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform [PMID: 24735618].
☉ HerDing: a herb recommendation system to treat diseases using genes and chemicals [PMID: 26980517].
☉ MetaboLights: a metabolomics database [PMID: 27010336].
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

NP Quantity Composition/Concentration

Organism ID	Organism Name	Organism Material Preparation	Organism Part	NP Quantity (Standard)	NP Quantity (Minimum)	NP Quantity (Maximum)	Quantity Unit	Reference

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP quantitative records for specific NP domains (e.g., NPS from foods or herbs) from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ DUKE: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases.
☉ PHENOL EXPLORER: is the first comprehensive database on polyphenol content in foods [PMID: 24103452], its homepage can be accessed at here.
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

Biological Activity

Molecular-level activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

In vitro activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

In vivo activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

Experimental ADME

Experiment Model	Experiment Tissue	ADME Type	ADME Relation	ADME Value	ADME Unit	Reference

Experimental Toxicity

Quantitative toxicity

Experiment Model	Experiment Organism	Toxicity Type	Toxicity Relation	Toxicity Value	Toxicity Unit	Reference

Common Abbreviations:
LC: Lethal Concentration; LD: Lethal Dose; LT:Lethal Time; NOAEL: No-observed-adverse-effect Level; BMDL: Benchmark Dose Lower Confidence Limit; BMD: Benchmark Dose; BMC:Benchmark Concentration; LOAEL: Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level; RfD:Reference Dose; RfC:Reference Concentration; MRL: Minimal Risk Level; MEG: Maximum Exposure Guideline; PAC: Protective Action Criteria

Categorical toxicity labels

Hepatotoxicity	Carcinogenicity	Mutagenicity	Cardiotoxicity	Respiratory Toxicity	Eye Irritation	Endocrine Disruption

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP toxicity records from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ ToxValDB: a curated database that compiles quantitative toxicity values for chemicals from diverse public sources to support toxicological research and risk assessment.
☉ TOXRIC: a comprehensive, free-to-access, online database providing toxicological/feature data. The toxicity labels are retrieved from this database. [PMID: 36400569]

Chemically structural similarity

Similar Active Natural Products in NPASS

Top-200 similar NPs were calculated against the active-NP-set (includes approximately 50,000 NPs with experimentally-derived bioactivity available in NPASS)

Similarity is measured using the Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) , which compares the binary fingerprints of two molecules. Tc is calculated as the intersection divided by the union of '1' bits in the fingerprints, ranging from 0 to 1, with 1 indicating highest similarity.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC144015 and all remaining natural products in the NPASS database.
● The right table: Most similar natural products (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	17759
0.1-0.2	29964
0.2-0.3	2082
0.3-0.4	27
0.4-0.5	7
0.5-0.6	3
0.6-0.7	12
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	1
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	1

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Natural Product ID
1.0	High Similarity	NPC608751
0.8103	Intermediate Similarity	NPC609037
0.7377	Intermediate Similarity	NPC608959
0.7167	Intermediate Similarity	NPC130124
0.7167	Intermediate Similarity	NPC193471
0.6935	Remote Similarity	NPC47857
0.6935	Remote Similarity	NPC181510
0.6935	Remote Similarity	NPC168758
0.6935	Remote Similarity	NPC602310
0.6885	Remote Similarity	NPC608663
0.6825	Remote Similarity	NPC201889
0.6825	Remote Similarity	NPC106791
0.6825	Remote Similarity	NPC607716
0.6452	Remote Similarity	NPC30911
0.6452	Remote Similarity	NPC608092
0.6308	Remote Similarity	NPC23963
0.6061	Remote Similarity	NPC316984
0.5797	Remote Similarity	NPC600980
0.5522	Remote Similarity	NPC609380
0.5147	Remote Similarity	NPC610562

Similar Clinical/Approved Drugs

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC144015 and all drugs/candidates.
● The right table: Most similar clinical/approved drugs (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	5403
0.1-0.2	3696
0.2-0.3	48
0.3-0.4	2
0.4-0.5	0
0.5-0.6	0
0.6-0.7	1
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	0
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Drug ID	Developmental Stage
0.6452	Remote Similarity	NPD2204	Approved

Bioactivity similarity

Similar Natural Products in NPASS

Similarity level is defined by Bioactivity similarity was calculated based on bioactivity descriptors of compounds. The bioactivity descriptors were calculated by a recently developed AI algorithm Chemical Checker (CC) [Nature Biotechnology, 38:1087–1096, 2020; Nature Communications, 12:3932, 2021], which evaluated bioactivity similarities at five levels:
☉ A: chemistry similarity;
☉ B: biological targets similarity;
☉ C: networks similarity;
☉ D: cell-based bioactivity similarity;
☉ E: similarity based on clinical data.
Those 5 categories of CC bioactivity descriptors were calculated and then subjected to manifold projection using UMAP algorithm, to project all NPs on a 2-Dimensional space. The current NP was highlighted with a small circle in the 2-D map. Below figures: left-to-right, A-to-E.

A: chemistry similarity

B: biological targets similarity

C: networks similarity

D: cell-based bioactivity similarity

E: similarity based on clinical data