NPASS Compound

Natural Product: NPC138374

Natural Product ID	NPC138374
Common Name ? The InCHIKey will be temporarily assigned as the "Common Name" if no IUPAC name or alternative short name is available.	3-Epi-Taraxerol
IUPAC Name	(3R,4aR,6aR,6aS,8aR,12aR,14aR,14bR)-4,4,6a,6a,8a,11,11,14b-octamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,8,9,10,12,12a,13,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-ol
Synonyms	3-Epi-Taraxerol
Synthetic Gene Cluster	n.a.
ChEMBL Identifier	CHEMBL470462
PubChem CID	12443227
Chemical Classification	CHEMONTID:0000000 [Organic compounds] [CHEMONTID:0000012] Lipids and lipid-like molecules [CHEMONTID:0000259] Prenol lipids [CHEMONTID:0001552] Sesterterpenoids [CHEMONTID:0002883] Scalarane sesterterpenoids

The Chemical Classification was calculated by Classyfire, a software for chemical taxonomy calculation. Reference: DOI:10.1186/s13321-016-0174-y.

Chemical Representations

RDKit 3D 81 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000 -6.2019 1.9460 -1.0979 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.3710 1.2477 -0.2222 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.1773 2.1260 0.0677 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.3487 1.4123 1.1124 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.8344 0.0683 0.6294 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.4795 -0.2268 -0.6917 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.9618 -0.0973 -0.7443 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.7110 -1.2415 -0.1238 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.3374 -0.1017 -2.2371 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.9715 -1.5384 -1.2317 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.4864 -1.3257 -1.5530 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.7091 -0.9586 -0.2988 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.3530 0.2387 0.3265 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.5908 0.8634 1.4417 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.8551 0.4324 1.5284 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.4873 0.3460 0.1420 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.6671 -0.5585 -0.7091 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.2409 -0.9747 -1.8351 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.6087 -0.5169 -2.1427 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.5145 -0.6980 -0.9039 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.8930 -0.1854 0.3425 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.6451 0.8366 1.1213 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.1461 0.8103 0.9417 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.6577 2.0578 1.6711 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.8159 -0.3887 1.5104 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.3676 0.9914 -0.5469 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.8899 -0.2434 -1.2153 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.5954 -2.2384 -0.7801 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.5130 1.7381 -0.4275 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.6575 -2.1775 0.5595 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.1297 -0.9268 1.6969 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.7148 2.5964 -1.6569 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.9468 1.1050 0.7139 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.6299 2.4270 -0.8216 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.5689 3.0423 0.5546 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.0402 1.2892 1.9980 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.5749 2.1013 1.4411 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.0730 0.5572 -1.4031 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.2187 -0.8459 0.8033 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.5797 -1.5649 -0.7713 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.1193 -2.1392 0.0485 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.4109 -1.1505 -2.5544 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.6283 0.5068 -2.8162 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.3614 0.3250 -2.2935 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.1456 -2.3997 -0.5931 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.4605 -1.6812 -2.2258 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.1490 -2.3137 -1.9530 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.4312 -0.5134 -2.2842 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.3710 1.0075 -0.5116 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.5517 1.9904 1.3408 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.0263 0.7001 2.4525 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.0104 -0.4805 2.1211 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.4412 1.2340 2.0631 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.6777 -1.6417 -2.4929 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.6969 0.4614 -2.5983 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.0153 -1.2499 -2.8899 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.7963 -1.0739 1.0548 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.3703 1.9051 0.8620 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.4832 0.6723 2.2174 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.0140 2.3111 2.5256 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.5649 2.8949 0.9382 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.7132 1.8791 1.9314 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.3553 -0.1020 2.4418 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.1538 -1.2289 1.7637 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.5823 -0.7446 0.7929 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.4623 1.0668 -0.6931 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.8395 1.9047 -0.8549 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.6273 -1.0495 -0.9916 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.9685 -0.0762 -2.3293 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.4768 -2.6222 -1.3076 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.7187 -2.4442 0.2915 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.6965 -2.7266 -1.1946 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.1416 2.4915 0.3299 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.4487 2.0485 -0.8879 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.7448 1.8356 -1.2491 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.3523 -2.9878 0.1867 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.3620 -2.6462 0.4103 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.7566 -2.0242 1.6284 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.5025 -0.6939 2.5803 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.1442 -1.9692 1.3993 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.1800 -0.6995 2.0547 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 0 2 3 1 0 3 4 1 0 4 5 1 0 5 6 1 0 6 7 1 0 7 8 1 0 7 9 1 0 6 10 1 0 10 11 1 0 11 12 1 0 12 13 1 0 13 14 1 0 14 15 1 0 15 16 1 0 16 17 1 0 17 18 2 0 18 19 1 0 19 20 1 0 20 21 1 0 21 22 1 0 22 23 1 0 23 24 1 0 23 25 1 0 23 26 1 0 26 27 1 0 20 28 1 1 16 29 1 6 12 30 1 1 5 31 1 1 7 2 1 0 17 12 1 0 27 20 1 0 13 5 1 0 21 16 1 0 1 32 1 0 2 33 1 1 3 34 1 0 3 35 1 0 4 36 1 0 4 37 1 0 6 38 1 6 8 39 1 0 8 40 1 0 8 41 1 0 9 42 1 0 9 43 1 0 9 44 1 0 10 45 1 0 10 46 1 0 11 47 1 0 11 48 1 0 13 49 1 6 14 50 1 0 14 51 1 0 15 52 1 0 15 53 1 0 18 54 1 0 19 55 1 0 19 56 1 0 21 57 1 1 22 58 1 0 22 59 1 0 24 60 1 0 24 61 1 0 24 62 1 0 25 63 1 0 25 64 1 0 25 65 1 0 26 66 1 0 26 67 1 0 27 68 1 0 27 69 1 0 28 70 1 0 28 71 1 0 28 72 1 0 29 73 1 0 29 74 1 0 29 75 1 0 30 76 1 0 30 77 1 0 30 78 1 0 31 79 1 0 31 80 1 0 31 81 1 0 M END

Standard InCHIKey	GGGUGZHBAOMSFJ-VONAQYPGSA-N
Standard InCHI	InChI=1S/C30H50O/c1-25(2)17-18-27(5)13-9-21-29(7)14-10-20-26(3,4)24(31)12-16-28(20,6)22(29)11-15-30(21,8)23(27)19-25/h9,20,22-24,31H,10-19H2,1-8H3/t20-,22+,23+,24+,27-,28-,29-,30+/m0/s1
SMILES	O[C@@H]1CC[C@]2([C@H](C1(C)C)CC[C@@]1([C@@H]2CC[C@@]2(C1=CC[C@@]1([C@H]2CC(C)(C)CC1)C)C)C)C

Calculated Properties

Physi-Chem Properties

Molecular Weight:	426.39	Volume:	490.807 ? Van der Waals volume.
Dense:	0.869	LogP:	5.993 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficients.
logD7.4:	4.622 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficient at pH=7.4.	LogS:	-6.838 ? The logarithm of aqueous solubility value.
Rotatable Bonds:	0.0	Rigid Bonds:	26.0
TPSA:	20.23 ? Topological Polar Surface Area.	H-Bond Acceptor:	1.0
H-Bond Donor:	1.0	Rings:	5.0
Heavy Atoms:	1.0

MedChem Properties

QED Drug-Likeness Score:	0.387	GASA:	1.0 ? GASA represents the probability of being difficult to synthesize, ranging from 0 to 1.
Synthetic Accessibility Score:	4.8	Fsp³:	0.933
MCE-18:	102.207 ? MCE-18 stands for medicinal chemistry evolution.MCE-18≥45 is considered a suitable value.	Lipinski Rule-of-5:	Rejected
Pfizer Rule:	Accepted	GSK Rule:	Accepted
Golden Triangle Rule:	Rejected	BMS Rule:	0
Chelating Alert:	0	PAINS Alert:	0
Colloidal aggregators:	0.886	Fluc inhibitor:	0.0 ? The fluc inhibitor value is the probability of being fLuc inhibitors, within the range of 0 to 1.
Blue fluorescence:	0.001 ? The blue fluorescence value is the probability of being blue fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1	Green fluorescence:	0.0 ? The green fluorescence value is the probability of being green fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1
Reactive compounds:	0.82	Promiscuous compounds:	0.041

ADMET Properties (ADMETlab3.0)

ADMET: Absorption

Caco-2 Permeability:	-4.977	MDCK Permeability:	-4.779
Pgp-inhibitor:	0.94	Pgp-substrate:	0.004
PAMPA:	0.382 ? The experimental data for Peff was logarithmically transformed (logPeff). Molecules with log Peff values below 2.0 were classified as low-permeability (Category 0), while those with log Peff values exceeding 2.5 were classified as high-permeability (Category 1).	Human Intestinal Absorption (HIA):	0.0
20% Bioavailability (F20%):	0.64	30% Bioavailability (F30%):	0.045
50% Bioavailability (F50%):	0.998

ADMET: Distribution

Blood-Brain-Barrier Penetration (BBB):	0.981	MRP1:	0.694
Plasma Protein Binding (PPB):	94.185%	Volume Distribution (VD):	0.088
Fu:	5.566% ? The fraction unbound in plasms.	OATP1B1 inhibitor:	1.0
OATP1B3 inhibitor:	1.0	BCRP inhibitor:	0.846
BSEP inhibitor:	0.999

ADMET: Metabolism

CYP1A2-inhibitor:	0.027	CYP1A2-substrate:	0.997
CYP2C19-inhibitor:	0.999	CYP2C19-substrate:	0.343
CYP2C9-inhibitor:	0.0	CYP2C9-substrate:	0.605
CYP2D6-inhibitor:	0.003	CYP2D6-substrate:	0.88
CYP3A4-inhibitor:	1.0	CYP3A4-substrate:	1.0
CYP2B6-substrate:	0.0	CYP2C8-inhibitor:	0.993
HLM stability:	0.931 ? Human liver microsomal (HLM) stability. Category 0: stable+ (HLM > 30 min); Category 1: unstable- (HLM ≤ 30 min). The output value is the probability of human liver microsomal instability, where a value closer to 1 indicates a higher likelihood of instability.

ADMET: Excretion

Clearance (CL):

12.206

Half-life (T1/2):

0.332

ADMET: Toxicity

hERG Blockers:	0.273	hERG Blockers (10um):	0.53
Human Hepatotoxicity (H-HT):	0.618	Drug-induced Liver Injury (DILI):	0.366
AMES Toxicity:	0.37	Rat Oral Acute Toxicity:	0.501
Maximum Recommended Daily Dose:	0.694	Skin Sensitization:	0.877
Carcinogencity:	0.864	Eye Corrosion:	0.033
Eye Irritation:	0.696	Respiratory Toxicity:	0.903
Drug-induced Neurotoxicity:	0.23	Ototoxicity:	0.465
Hematotoxicity:	0.643	Drug-induced Nephrotoxicity:	0.508
Genotoxicity:	0.371	RPMI-8226 Immunitoxicity:	0.071
A549 Cytotoxicity:	0.6	Hek293 Cytotoxicity:	0.734
BCF:	3.496 ? Bioconcentration factors are used for considering secondary poisoning potential and assessing risks to human health via the food chain. The unit is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	IGC50:	5.004 ? 48 hour Tetrahymena pyriformis IGC50. The unit of IGC50 is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].
LC50DM:	5.471 ? 48 hour Daphnia magna LC50. The unit of LC50DM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	LC50FM:	6.032 ? 96 hour fathead minnow LC50. The unit of LC50FM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].

Species Source

Organism ID	Organism Name	Taxonomy Level	Family	SuperKingdom	Isolation Part	Collection Location	Collection Time	Reference
NPO20652	Phytolacca acinosa	Species	Phytolaccaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[12932140]
NPO13278	Strychnos spinosa	Species	Loganiaceae	Eukaryota	Leaves	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[17637068]
NPO15233	Balanophora japonica	Species	Balanophoraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[18302336]
NPO8584	Schisandra arisanensis	Species	Schisandraceae	Eukaryota	fruits	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[19673515]
NPO8584	Schisandra arisanensis	Species	Schisandraceae	Eukaryota	fruits	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[20536188]
NPO5470	Cynoglossum amabile	Species	Boraginaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[22432912]
NPO8584	Schisandra arisanensis	Species	Schisandraceae	Eukaryota	fruits	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[23265871]
NPO2330	Alchornea cordifolia	Species	Euphorbiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	stem	n.a.	PMID[26724423]
NPO2330	Alchornea cordifolia	Species	Euphorbiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	root	n.a.	PMID[26724423]
NPO6545	Artemisia sieversiana	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	Aerial Parts	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[29122483]
NPO20288	Polytolypa hystricis	Species	Onygenaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[8691217]
NPO1653	Streptomyces longissimus	Species	Streptomycetaceae	Bacteria	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[903851]
NPO22812	Acacia cambagei	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO21530	Arnica viscosa	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO22871	Aster alpinus	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO22711	Athanasia dregeana	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO16711	Baccharis solieri	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO21822	Berberis crataegina	Species	Berberidaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO22529	Calceolaria thyrsiflora	Species	Calceolariaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO18684	Calophyllum thwaitesii	Species	Calophyllaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO28627.1	Coptis trifolia subsp. groenlandica	Subspecies	Ranunculaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO22599	Crataegus pontica	Species	Rosaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO20015	Echinocystis lobata	Species	Cucurbitaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO21101	Felicia amelloides	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO11064	Haemanthus toxicarius	Species	Amaryllidaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO22650	Helenium quadridentatum	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO21582	Manihot esculenta	Species	Euphorbiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO28078	Melaleuca decora	Species	Myrtaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO21951	Paramignya griffithii	Species	Rutaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO23952	Phlomoides medicinalis	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO8198	Podocarpus montanus	Species	Podocarpaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO20288	Polytolypa hystricis	Species	Onygenaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO22294	Pteris inaequalis	Species	Pteridaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO20592	Rhodoglossum japonicum	Species	Gigartinaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO23025	Roccellaria mollis	Species	Roccellaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO8584	Schisandra arisanensis	Species	Schisandraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO19139	Senecio polyodon	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO15478	Senna sophera	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO20846	Sophora japonica	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO21368	Tricholoma batschii	Species	Tricholomataceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO22927	Xanthoparmelia pokornyi	Species	Parmeliaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO23353	[polyangium] brachysporum	Species	n.a.	Bacteria	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO2330	Alchornea cordifolia	Species	Euphorbiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO1759	Alexandrium excavatum	Species	Gonyaulacaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO13848	Amomum daniellii	Species	Zingiberaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO6906	Atalantia wightii	Species	Rutaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO15233	Balanophora japonica	Species	Balanophoraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO13647	Calcarisporium thermophilum	Species	n.a.	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO1109	Corydalis persica	Species	Papaveraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO3965	Corynanthe pachyceras	Species	Rubiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO16801	Cota tinctoria	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO5470	Cynoglossum amabile	Species	Boraginaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO10098	Glycosmis pseudoracemosa	Species	Rutaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO7521	Hygrophorus eburneus	Species	Hygrophoraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO11430	Inula grantioides	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO12487	Juniperus horizontalis	Species	Cupressaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO14947	Lathyrus tingitanus	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO5398	Peucedanum oroselinum	Species	Apiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO3761	Plectosphaerella cucumerina	Species	Plectosphaerellaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO14526	Plectranthus caninus	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO15145	Rauvolfia salicifolia	Species	Apocynaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO15329	Rhizoplaca baranowii	Species	Lecanoraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO18873.2	Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar bovismorbificans	Subspecies	Enterobacteriaceae	Bacteria	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO13278	Strychnos spinosa	Species	Loganiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO23772	Tetradium glabrifolium	Species	Rutaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO20652	Phytolacca acinosa	Species	Phytolaccaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO4080	Salix purpurea	Species	Salicaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO8775	Streptomyces rubellomurinus	Species	Streptomycetaceae	Bacteria	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO15839	Nicotiana repanda	Species	Solanaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO1034	Ophiorrhiza liukiuensis	Species	Rubiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO6545	Artemisia sieversiana	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO118	Ustilago maydis	Species	Ustilaginaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO6048	Sarcodictyon roseum	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO5427	Sabal peregrina	Species	Arecaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO1653	Streptomyces longissimus	Species	Streptomycetaceae	Bacteria	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO21582	Manihot esculenta	Species	Euphorbiaceae	Eukaryota		n.a.	n.a.	Database[FooDB]
NPO21582	Manihot esculenta	Species	Euphorbiaceae	Eukaryota	Leaf	n.a.	n.a.	Database[FooDB]
NPO21582	Manihot esculenta	Species	Euphorbiaceae	Eukaryota	Root	n.a.	n.a.	Database[FooDB]
NPO21582	Manihot esculenta	Species	Euphorbiaceae	Eukaryota	Tubers	n.a.		Database[FooDB]
NPO20846	Sophora japonica	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO4080	Salix purpurea	Species	Salicaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO1034	Ophiorrhiza liukiuensis	Species	Rubiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO5470	Cynoglossum amabile	Species	Boraginaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO21582	Manihot esculenta	Species	Euphorbiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO8584	Schisandra arisanensis	Species	Schisandraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO118	Ustilago maydis	Species	Ustilaginaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO13278	Strychnos spinosa	Species	Loganiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO19139	Senecio polyodon	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO6545	Artemisia sieversiana	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO8198	Podocarpus montanus	Species	Podocarpaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO15233	Balanophora japonica	Species	Balanophoraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO20652	Phytolacca acinosa	Species	Phytolaccaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO12487	Juniperus horizontalis	Species	Cupressaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO6545	Artemisia sieversiana	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO20846	Sophora japonica	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO1034	Ophiorrhiza liukiuensis	Species	Rubiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO21582	Manihot esculenta	Species	Euphorbiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO4080	Salix purpurea	Species	Salicaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO22294	Pteris inaequalis	Species	Pteridaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO15233	Balanophora japonica	Species	Balanophoraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO23772	Tetradium glabrifolium	Species	Rutaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO8584	Schisandra arisanensis	Species	Schisandraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO19139	Senecio polyodon	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO10098	Glycosmis pseudoracemosa	Species	Rutaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO13278	Strychnos spinosa	Species	Loganiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO118	Ustilago maydis	Species	Ustilaginaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO15478	Senna sophera	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO5470	Cynoglossum amabile	Species	Boraginaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO8198	Podocarpus montanus	Species	Podocarpaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO20846	Sophora japonica	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO4080	Salix purpurea	Species	Salicaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO20652	Phytolacca acinosa	Species	Phytolaccaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO6545	Artemisia sieversiana	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO8198	Podocarpus montanus	Species	Podocarpaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO5470	Cynoglossum amabile	Species	Boraginaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO20846	Sophora japonica	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TM-MC]
NPO20652	Phytolacca acinosa	Species	Phytolaccaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TM-MC]
NPO28078	Melaleuca decora	Species	Myrtaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO5470	Cynoglossum amabile	Species	Boraginaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO16711	Baccharis solieri	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO12487	Juniperus horizontalis	Species	Cupressaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO22871	Aster alpinus	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO20652	Phytolacca acinosa	Species	Phytolaccaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO20592	Rhodoglossum japonicum	Species	Gigartinaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO16801	Cota tinctoria	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO10098	Glycosmis pseudoracemosa	Species	Rutaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO21582	Manihot esculenta	Species	Euphorbiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO20288	Polytolypa hystricis	Species	Onygenaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO15329	Rhizoplaca baranowii	Species	Lecanoraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO15478	Senna sophera	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO22711	Athanasia dregeana	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO13647	Calcarisporium thermophilum	Species	n.a.	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO2330	Alchornea cordifolia	Species	Euphorbiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO21530	Arnica viscosa	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO28627.1	Coptis trifolia subsp. groenlandica	Subspecies	Ranunculaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO14947	Lathyrus tingitanus	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO6906	Atalantia wightii	Species	Rutaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO4080	Salix purpurea	Species	Salicaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO3761	Plectosphaerella cucumerina	Species	Plectosphaerellaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO23025	Roccellaria mollis	Species	Roccellaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO18873.2	Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar bovismorbificans	Subspecies	Enterobacteriaceae	Bacteria	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO22927	Xanthoparmelia pokornyi	Species	Parmeliaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO23772	Tetradium glabrifolium	Species	Rutaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO22812	Acacia cambagei	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO19139	Senecio polyodon	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO22599	Crataegus pontica	Species	Rosaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO23952	Phlomoides medicinalis	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO8584	Schisandra arisanensis	Species	Schisandraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO21368	Tricholoma batschii	Species	Tricholomataceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO15145	Rauvolfia salicifolia	Species	Apocynaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO3965	Corynanthe pachyceras	Species	Rubiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO23353	[polyangium] brachysporum	Species	n.a.	Bacteria	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO22529	Calceolaria thyrsiflora	Species	Calceolariaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO20846	Sophora japonica	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO15233	Balanophora japonica	Species	Balanophoraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO20015	Echinocystis lobata	Species	Cucurbitaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO14526	Plectranthus caninus	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO22294	Pteris inaequalis	Species	Pteridaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO13848	Amomum daniellii	Species	Zingiberaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO22650	Helenium quadridentatum	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO5398	Peucedanum oroselinum	Species	Apiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO7521	Hygrophorus eburneus	Species	Hygrophoraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO11430	Inula grantioides	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO21822	Berberis crataegina	Species	Berberidaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO1759	Alexandrium excavatum	Species	Gonyaulacaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO8198	Podocarpus montanus	Species	Podocarpaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO18684	Calophyllum thwaitesii	Species	Calophyllaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO11064	Haemanthus toxicarius	Species	Amaryllidaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO1109	Corydalis persica	Species	Papaveraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO21101	Felicia amelloides	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO21951	Paramignya griffithii	Species	Rutaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO13278	Strychnos spinosa	Species	Loganiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO5427	Sabal peregrina	Species	Arecaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO15839	Nicotiana repanda	Species	Solanaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO8775	Streptomyces rubellomurinus	Species	Streptomycetaceae	Bacteria	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO1034	Ophiorrhiza liukiuensis	Species	Rubiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO118	Ustilago maydis	Species	Ustilaginaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO6545	Artemisia sieversiana	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO1653	Streptomyces longissimus	Species	Streptomycetaceae	Bacteria	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO9978	Indigofera microcarpa	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO9332	Corydalis longipes	Species	Papaveraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO6048	Sarcodictyon roseum	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO4506	Corydalis paniculigera	Species	Papaveraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO2178	Cachrys trifida	Species	Apiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP source organism data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated them from below databases:
☉ UNPD: Universal Natural Products Database [PMID: 23638153].
☉ StreptomeDB: a database of streptomycetes natural products [PMID: 33051671].
☉ TM-MC: a database of medicinal materials and chemical compounds in Northeast Asian traditional medicine [PMID: 26156871].
☉ TCM@Taiwan: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 21253603].
☉ TCMID: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 29106634].
☉ TCMSP: The traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform [PMID: 24735618].
☉ HerDing: a herb recommendation system to treat diseases using genes and chemicals [PMID: 26980517].
☉ MetaboLights: a metabolomics database [PMID: 27010336].
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

NP Quantity Composition/Concentration

Organism ID	Organism Name	Organism Material Preparation	Organism Part	NP Quantity (Standard)	NP Quantity (Minimum)	NP Quantity (Maximum)	Quantity Unit	Reference

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP quantitative records for specific NP domains (e.g., NPS from foods or herbs) from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ DUKE: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases.
☉ PHENOL EXPLORER: is the first comprehensive database on polyphenol content in foods [PMID: 24103452], its homepage can be accessed at here.
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

Biological Activity

Activity Type	# Activity
IC50	1

Activity Type	# Activity
Cell line	1

Molecular-level activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

In vitro activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference
NPT179	Cell line	A2780	Homo sapiens	IC50	=	24.4	ug.mL-1	PMID[15165160]

In vivo activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

Experimental ADME

Experiment Model	Experiment Tissue	ADME Type	ADME Relation	ADME Value	ADME Unit	Reference

Experimental Toxicity

Quantitative toxicity

Experiment Model	Experiment Organism	Toxicity Type	Toxicity Relation	Toxicity Value	Toxicity Unit	Reference

Common Abbreviations:
LC: Lethal Concentration; LD: Lethal Dose; LT:Lethal Time; NOAEL: No-observed-adverse-effect Level; BMDL: Benchmark Dose Lower Confidence Limit; BMD: Benchmark Dose; BMC:Benchmark Concentration; LOAEL: Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level; RfD:Reference Dose; RfC:Reference Concentration; MRL: Minimal Risk Level; MEG: Maximum Exposure Guideline; PAC: Protective Action Criteria

Categorical toxicity labels

Hepatotoxicity	Carcinogenicity	Mutagenicity	Cardiotoxicity	Respiratory Toxicity	Eye Irritation	Endocrine Disruption

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP toxicity records from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ ToxValDB: a curated database that compiles quantitative toxicity values for chemicals from diverse public sources to support toxicological research and risk assessment.
☉ TOXRIC: a comprehensive, free-to-access, online database providing toxicological/feature data. The toxicity labels are retrieved from this database. [PMID: 36400569]

Chemically structural similarity

Similar Active Natural Products in NPASS

Top-200 similar NPs were calculated against the active-NP-set (includes approximately 50,000 NPs with experimentally-derived bioactivity available in NPASS)

Similarity is measured using the Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) , which compares the binary fingerprints of two molecules. Tc is calculated as the intersection divided by the union of '1' bits in the fingerprints, ranging from 0 to 1, with 1 indicating highest similarity.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC138374 and all remaining natural products in the NPASS database.
● The right table: Most similar natural products (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	24737
0.1-0.2	21366
0.2-0.3	3211
0.3-0.4	458
0.4-0.5	74
0.5-0.6	6
0.6-0.7	2
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	0
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	1

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Natural Product ID
1.0	High Similarity	NPC34700
0.6038	Remote Similarity	NPC20181
0.6038	Remote Similarity	NPC220210
0.5667	Remote Similarity	NPC72638
0.5636	Remote Similarity	NPC484082
0.5636	Remote Similarity	NPC484083
0.5172	Remote Similarity	NPC290598
0.5172	Remote Similarity	NPC30590
0.5079	Remote Similarity	NPC116202

Similar Clinical/Approved Drugs

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC138374 and all drugs/candidates.
● The right table: Most similar clinical/approved drugs (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	7716
0.1-0.2	1382
0.2-0.3	49
0.3-0.4	3
0.4-0.5	0
0.5-0.6	0
0.6-0.7	0
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	0
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Drug ID	Developmental Stage
		NPD

Bioactivity similarity

Similar Natural Products in NPASS

Similarity level is defined by Bioactivity similarity was calculated based on bioactivity descriptors of compounds. The bioactivity descriptors were calculated by a recently developed AI algorithm Chemical Checker (CC) [Nature Biotechnology, 38:1087–1096, 2020; Nature Communications, 12:3932, 2021], which evaluated bioactivity similarities at five levels:
☉ A: chemistry similarity;
☉ B: biological targets similarity;
☉ C: networks similarity;
☉ D: cell-based bioactivity similarity;
☉ E: similarity based on clinical data.
Those 5 categories of CC bioactivity descriptors were calculated and then subjected to manifold projection using UMAP algorithm, to project all NPs on a 2-Dimensional space. The current NP was highlighted with a small circle in the 2-D map. Below figures: left-to-right, A-to-E.

A: chemistry similarity

B: biological targets similarity

C: networks similarity

D: cell-based bioactivity similarity

E: similarity based on clinical data