NPASS Compound

Natural Product: NPC103045

Natural Product ID	NPC103045
Common Name ? The InCHIKey will be temporarily assigned as the "Common Name" if no IUPAC name or alternative short name is available.	LGYRZWXQCIGKHT-MEZCUPPISA-N
IUPAC Name	n.a.
Synonyms
Synthetic Gene Cluster	n.a.
ChEMBL Identifier	n.a.
PubChem CID	101559578
Chemical Classification	CHEMONTID:0000000 [Organic compounds] [CHEMONTID:0000012] Lipids and lipid-like molecules [CHEMONTID:0000258] Steroids and steroid derivatives [CHEMONTID:0001125] Steroid lactones [CHEMONTID:0001560] Withanolides and derivatives

The Chemical Classification was calculated by Classyfire, a software for chemical taxonomy calculation. Reference: DOI:10.1186/s13321-016-0174-y.

Chemical Representations

RDKit 3D 73 77 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000 5.4602 -1.9418 2.8379 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.6537 -1.2160 1.8078 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.2112 -0.4077 0.9530 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.4471 0.3238 -0.0750 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.0997 -0.1861 -0.4186 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.2051 0.8874 -1.0054 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.1105 1.6636 -2.0182 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.0217 0.3756 -1.7227 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.4672 1.4443 -2.7022 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.8568 1.8882 -2.1272 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.0165 1.1316 -0.8356 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.4569 0.7724 -0.5632 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.0311 1.9911 0.1864 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.2567 1.6337 0.9208 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.7542 0.4360 1.0763 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.0113 0.2123 1.8495 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.8719 -0.9546 2.7634 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.0659 -1.9663 2.4495 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.3025 -1.9702 1.2205 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.8452 -3.0512 0.7905 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.0497 -0.7417 0.4638 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.7058 -0.8997 -0.9167 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.6044 -0.3838 0.3600 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.7033 -1.5283 0.0989 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.2509 -0.9919 0.0452 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.1934 -0.1057 -1.1288 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.9119 -0.9171 -2.2525 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.5599 1.7900 0.2696 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.5212 -0.6098 -2.6302 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.0120 1.8264 -0.0218 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.4988 -0.7157 0.7698 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.2009 -1.3928 1.7239 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.6732 -2.1781 2.5574 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.7231 -0.2211 1.0313 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.9424 1.1315 1.2740 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.2119 -2.5663 2.3617 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.7553 -2.4935 3.4908 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.9673 -1.1691 3.4502 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.1520 0.2936 -0.9666 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.3271 1.3670 0.3162 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.1923 -1.0330 -1.1788 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.0651 1.2242 -3.0100 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.1362 1.6693 -1.6388 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.8395 2.7654 -1.9890 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.1690 2.2877 -2.8284 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.3373 1.0441 -3.7250 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.8894 2.9836 -2.0006 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.6979 1.5488 -2.7960 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.0640 0.7292 -1.4908 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.2269 2.8211 -0.5199 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.2894 2.3470 0.9613 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.8002 2.4708 1.3812 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.1723 1.1158 2.4722 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.8429 0.1120 1.1476 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.4291 -0.9788 3.6866 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.0213 -2.7862 3.1779 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.7061 -1.3992 -0.7311 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.1507 -1.5814 -1.5578 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.9732 0.0740 -1.3591 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.3183 0.0071 1.3860 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.9430 -2.2027 -0.7079 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.7013 -2.1635 1.0359 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.1596 -0.5254 1.0412 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.3630 -1.9188 -0.0591 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.9855 -0.8286 -2.2010 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.5196 -1.9686 -2.1226 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.5796 -0.6194 -3.2446 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.5467 2.7735 0.0343 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.4689 -1.4990 -2.2470 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.6839 2.5357 0.0346 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.1434 -0.8387 1.8214 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.0887 -0.4370 0.0239 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.3161 1.7109 0.7714 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 0 2 3 2 0 3 4 1 0 4 5 1 0 5 6 1 0 6 7 1 0 6 8 1 0 8 9 1 0 9 10 1 0 10 11 1 0 11 12 1 0 12 13 1 0 13 14 1 0 14 15 2 0 15 16 1 0 16 17 1 0 17 18 2 0 18 19 1 0 19 20 2 0 19 21 1 0 21 22 1 6 21 23 1 0 23 24 1 0 24 25 1 0 25 26 1 0 26 27 1 6 11 28 1 1 8 29 1 6 6 30 1 1 5 31 1 0 31 32 1 0 32 33 2 0 3 34 1 0 34 35 1 0 32 2 1 0 26 8 1 0 26 11 1 0 23 12 1 0 21 15 1 0 1 36 1 0 1 37 1 0 1 38 1 0 4 39 1 0 4 40 1 0 5 41 1 6 7 42 1 0 7 43 1 0 7 44 1 0 9 45 1 0 9 46 1 0 10 47 1 0 10 48 1 0 12 49 1 6 13 50 1 0 13 51 1 0 14 52 1 0 16 53 1 0 16 54 1 0 17 55 1 0 18 56 1 0 22 57 1 0 22 58 1 0 22 59 1 0 23 60 1 1 24 61 1 0 24 62 1 0 25 63 1 0 25 64 1 0 27 65 1 0 27 66 1 0 27 67 1 0 28 68 1 0 29 69 1 0 30 70 1 0 34 71 1 0 34 72 1 0 35 73 1 0 M END

Standard InCHIKey	LGYRZWXQCIGKHT-MEZCUPPISA-N
Standard InCHI	InChI=1S/C28H38O7/c1-16-17(15-29)14-22(35-23(16)31)26(4,32)28(34)13-12-27(33)20-9-8-18-6-5-7-21(30)25(18,3)19(20)10-11-24(27,28)2/h5,7-8,19-20,22,29,32-34H,6,9-15H2,1-4H3/t19-,20+,22+,24-,25-,26-,27+,28-/m0/s1
SMILES	CC1=C(C[C@H]([C@@](C)([C@@]2(CC[C@]3([C@@H]4CC=C5CC=CC(=O)[C@]5(C)[C@H]4CC[C@]23C)O)O)O)OC1=O)CO

Calculated Properties

Physi-Chem Properties

Molecular Weight:	486.26	Volume:	498.411 ? Van der Waals volume.
Dense:	0.976	LogP:	1.425 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficients.
logD7.4:	2.007 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficient at pH=7.4.	LogS:	-3.694 ? The logarithm of aqueous solubility value.
Rotatable Bonds:	3.0	Rigid Bonds:	28.0
TPSA:	124.29 ? Topological Polar Surface Area.	H-Bond Acceptor:	7.0
H-Bond Donor:	4.0	Rings:	5.0
Heavy Atoms:	7.0

MedChem Properties

QED Drug-Likeness Score:	0.357	GASA:	1.0 ? GASA represents the probability of being difficult to synthesize, ranging from 0 to 1.
Synthetic Accessibility Score:	5.427	Fsp³:	0.714
MCE-18:	98.167 ? MCE-18 stands for medicinal chemistry evolution.MCE-18≥45 is considered a suitable value.	Lipinski Rule-of-5:	Rejected
Pfizer Rule:	Rejected	GSK Rule:	Accepted
Golden Triangle Rule:	Rejected	BMS Rule:	0
Chelating Alert:	0	PAINS Alert:	0
Colloidal aggregators:	0.11	Fluc inhibitor:	0.131 ? The fluc inhibitor value is the probability of being fLuc inhibitors, within the range of 0 to 1.
Blue fluorescence:	0.006 ? The blue fluorescence value is the probability of being blue fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1	Green fluorescence:	0.023 ? The green fluorescence value is the probability of being green fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1
Reactive compounds:	0.379	Promiscuous compounds:	0.55

ADMET Properties (ADMETlab3.0)

ADMET: Absorption

Caco-2 Permeability:	-5.179	MDCK Permeability:	-4.839
Pgp-inhibitor:	0.001	Pgp-substrate:	0.829
PAMPA:	0.994 ? The experimental data for Peff was logarithmically transformed (logPeff). Molecules with log Peff values below 2.0 were classified as low-permeability (Category 0), while those with log Peff values exceeding 2.5 were classified as high-permeability (Category 1).	Human Intestinal Absorption (HIA):	0.016
20% Bioavailability (F20%):	0.658	30% Bioavailability (F30%):	0.719
50% Bioavailability (F50%):	0.976

ADMET: Distribution

Blood-Brain-Barrier Penetration (BBB):	0.351	MRP1:	0.989
Plasma Protein Binding (PPB):	93.358%	Volume Distribution (VD):	0.131
Fu:	5.811% ? The fraction unbound in plasms.	OATP1B1 inhibitor:	0.97
OATP1B3 inhibitor:	0.969	BCRP inhibitor:	0.006
BSEP inhibitor:	0.573

ADMET: Metabolism

CYP1A2-inhibitor:	0.12	CYP1A2-substrate:	0.0
CYP2C19-inhibitor:	0.004	CYP2C19-substrate:	0.0
CYP2C9-inhibitor:	0.594	CYP2C9-substrate:	0.0
CYP2D6-inhibitor:	0.001	CYP2D6-substrate:	0.006
CYP3A4-inhibitor:	0.003	CYP3A4-substrate:	0.981
CYP2B6-substrate:	0.0	CYP2C8-inhibitor:	0.99
HLM stability:	0.88 ? Human liver microsomal (HLM) stability. Category 0: stable+ (HLM > 30 min); Category 1: unstable- (HLM ≤ 30 min). The output value is the probability of human liver microsomal instability, where a value closer to 1 indicates a higher likelihood of instability.

ADMET: Excretion

Clearance (CL):

5.095

Half-life (T1/2):

2.439

ADMET: Toxicity

hERG Blockers:	0.012	hERG Blockers (10um):	0.077
Human Hepatotoxicity (H-HT):	0.794	Drug-induced Liver Injury (DILI):	0.338
AMES Toxicity:	0.681	Rat Oral Acute Toxicity:	0.289
Maximum Recommended Daily Dose:	0.717	Skin Sensitization:	0.997
Carcinogencity:	0.97	Eye Corrosion:	0.003
Eye Irritation:	0.479	Respiratory Toxicity:	0.337
Drug-induced Neurotoxicity:	0.225	Ototoxicity:	0.545
Hematotoxicity:	0.616	Drug-induced Nephrotoxicity:	0.933
Genotoxicity:	0.99	RPMI-8226 Immunitoxicity:	0.112
A549 Cytotoxicity:	0.337	Hek293 Cytotoxicity:	0.529
BCF:	0.534 ? Bioconcentration factors are used for considering secondary poisoning potential and assessing risks to human health via the food chain. The unit is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	IGC50:	3.224 ? 48 hour Tetrahymena pyriformis IGC50. The unit of IGC50 is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].
LC50DM:	4.767 ? 48 hour Daphnia magna LC50. The unit of LC50DM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	LC50FM:	4.051 ? 96 hour fathead minnow LC50. The unit of LC50FM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].

Species Source

Organism ID	Organism Name	Taxonomy Level	Family	SuperKingdom	Isolation Part	Collection Location	Collection Time	Reference
NPO28734	Physalis peruviana	Species	Solanaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[28617598]
NPO28734	Physalis peruviana	Species	Solanaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[30649869]
NPO28734	Physalis peruviana	Species	Solanaceae	Eukaryota	Whole Fruits	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[32159343]
NPO28734	Physalis peruviana	Species	Solanaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO28734	Physalis peruviana	Species	Solanaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO28734	Physalis peruviana	Species	Solanaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP source organism data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated them from below databases:
☉ UNPD: Universal Natural Products Database [PMID: 23638153].
☉ StreptomeDB: a database of streptomycetes natural products [PMID: 33051671].
☉ TM-MC: a database of medicinal materials and chemical compounds in Northeast Asian traditional medicine [PMID: 26156871].
☉ TCM@Taiwan: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 21253603].
☉ TCMID: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 29106634].
☉ TCMSP: The traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform [PMID: 24735618].
☉ HerDing: a herb recommendation system to treat diseases using genes and chemicals [PMID: 26980517].
☉ MetaboLights: a metabolomics database [PMID: 27010336].
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

NP Quantity Composition/Concentration

Organism ID	Organism Name	Organism Material Preparation	Organism Part	NP Quantity (Standard)	NP Quantity (Minimum)	NP Quantity (Maximum)	Quantity Unit	Reference

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP quantitative records for specific NP domains (e.g., NPS from foods or herbs) from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ DUKE: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases.
☉ PHENOL EXPLORER: is the first comprehensive database on polyphenol content in foods [PMID: 24103452], its homepage can be accessed at here.
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

Biological Activity

Activity Type	# Activity
IC50	6

Activity Type	# Activity
Cell line	6

Molecular-level activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

In vitro activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference
NPT858	Cell line	LNCaP	Homo sapiens	IC50	=	240.0	nM	PMID[28617598]
NPT1629	Cell line	CWR22R	Homo sapiens	IC50	=	210.0	nM	PMID[28617598]
NPT369	Cell line	ACHN	Homo sapiens	IC50	>	2000.0	nM	PMID[28617598]
NPT387	Cell line	M14	Homo sapiens	IC50	>	2000.0	nM	PMID[28617598]
NPT170	Cell line	SK-MEL-28	Homo sapiens	IC50	>	2000.0	nM	PMID[28617598]
NPT859	Cell line	HFF	Homo sapiens	IC50	>	2000.0	nM	PMID[28617598]

In vivo activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

Experimental ADME

Experiment Model	Experiment Tissue	ADME Type	ADME Relation	ADME Value	ADME Unit	Reference

Experimental Toxicity

Quantitative toxicity

Experiment Model	Experiment Organism	Toxicity Type	Toxicity Relation	Toxicity Value	Toxicity Unit	Reference

Common Abbreviations:
LC: Lethal Concentration; LD: Lethal Dose; LT:Lethal Time; NOAEL: No-observed-adverse-effect Level; BMDL: Benchmark Dose Lower Confidence Limit; BMD: Benchmark Dose; BMC:Benchmark Concentration; LOAEL: Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level; RfD:Reference Dose; RfC:Reference Concentration; MRL: Minimal Risk Level; MEG: Maximum Exposure Guideline; PAC: Protective Action Criteria

Categorical toxicity labels

Hepatotoxicity	Carcinogenicity	Mutagenicity	Cardiotoxicity	Respiratory Toxicity	Eye Irritation	Endocrine Disruption

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP toxicity records from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ ToxValDB: a curated database that compiles quantitative toxicity values for chemicals from diverse public sources to support toxicological research and risk assessment.
☉ TOXRIC: a comprehensive, free-to-access, online database providing toxicological/feature data. The toxicity labels are retrieved from this database. [PMID: 36400569]

Chemically structural similarity

Similar Active Natural Products in NPASS

Top-200 similar NPs were calculated against the active-NP-set (includes approximately 50,000 NPs with experimentally-derived bioactivity available in NPASS)

Similarity is measured using the Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) , which compares the binary fingerprints of two molecules. Tc is calculated as the intersection divided by the union of '1' bits in the fingerprints, ranging from 0 to 1, with 1 indicating highest similarity.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC103045 and all remaining natural products in the NPASS database.
● The right table: Most similar natural products (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	19101
0.1-0.2	26639
0.2-0.3	3962
0.3-0.4	113
0.4-0.5	17
0.5-0.6	10
0.6-0.7	12
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	1
0.85-0.9	1
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Natural Product ID
0.8615	High Similarity	NPC153440
0.8358	Intermediate Similarity	NPC107493
0.6842	Remote Similarity	NPC5292
0.6712	Remote Similarity	NPC225826
0.6667	Remote Similarity	NPC484718
0.6622	Remote Similarity	NPC79579
0.6486	Remote Similarity	NPC484742
0.6267	Remote Similarity	NPC190286
0.6104	Remote Similarity	NPC46570
0.6104	Remote Similarity	NPC44428
0.6104	Remote Similarity	NPC78691
0.6053	Remote Similarity	NPC270850
0.6053	Remote Similarity	NPC176840
0.6053	Remote Similarity	NPC305260
0.5974	Remote Similarity	NPC191620
0.5926	Remote Similarity	NPC484717
0.5823	Remote Similarity	NPC470961
0.5783	Remote Similarity	NPC484725
0.5517	Remote Similarity	NPC173347
0.5375	Remote Similarity	NPC158285
0.5309	Remote Similarity	NPC125794
0.5309	Remote Similarity	NPC171401
0.5122	Remote Similarity	NPC29133
0.506	Remote Similarity	NPC285729

Similar Clinical/Approved Drugs

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC103045 and all drugs/candidates.
● The right table: Most similar clinical/approved drugs (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	6854
0.1-0.2	2151
0.2-0.3	145
0.3-0.4	0
0.4-0.5	0
0.5-0.6	0
0.6-0.7	0
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	0
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Drug ID	Developmental Stage
		NPD

Bioactivity similarity

Similar Natural Products in NPASS

Similarity level is defined by Bioactivity similarity was calculated based on bioactivity descriptors of compounds. The bioactivity descriptors were calculated by a recently developed AI algorithm Chemical Checker (CC) [Nature Biotechnology, 38:1087–1096, 2020; Nature Communications, 12:3932, 2021], which evaluated bioactivity similarities at five levels:
☉ A: chemistry similarity;
☉ B: biological targets similarity;
☉ C: networks similarity;
☉ D: cell-based bioactivity similarity;
☉ E: similarity based on clinical data.
Those 5 categories of CC bioactivity descriptors were calculated and then subjected to manifold projection using UMAP algorithm, to project all NPs on a 2-Dimensional space. The current NP was highlighted with a small circle in the 2-D map. Below figures: left-to-right, A-to-E.

A: chemistry similarity

B: biological targets similarity

C: networks similarity

D: cell-based bioactivity similarity

E: similarity based on clinical data