Collective Molecular Activities of the Plant: Allium Cepa
Plant ID: NPO23230
Plant Latin Name: Allium Cepa
Taxonomy Genus: Allium
Taxonomy Family: Amaryllidaceae
Plant External Links:
NCBI TaxonomyDB:
4679
Plant-of-the-World-Online:
n.a.
Country/Region:
Brazil; Turkey; Italy; Turkmenistan; India; Argentina; Nigeria; Israel; Burkina Faso; Germany; Chile; Kuwait; Jordan; Spain; Philippines; Indonesia; Saudi Arabia; United States; Vietnam; Thailand; Yemen; Portugal; Mexico; Tunisia; South Africa; Lebanon; Malaysia; China; Greece; GuineaTraditional Medicine System:
Sowa-Rigpa; Indian Folk; Unani; Siddha; Ayurveda; TCM; HomeopathyMedicinal Functions:
Anthelmintic; Antiinflammatory; Antiseptic; Antispasmodic; Appetizer; Carminative; Diuretic; Expectorant; Febrifuge; Homeopathy; Hypoglycaemic; Hypotensive; Lithontripic; Skin; Stings; Stomachic; Tonic
Brazil; Turkey; Italy; Turkmenistan; Guinea; Argentina; Burkina Faso; Israel; Jordan; Chile; Kuwait; Germany; Spain; Nigeria; Philippines; Indonesia; Saudi Arabia; United States; Vietnam; Thailand; Yemen; Portugal; Mexico; Tunisia; South Africa; India; Malaysia; China; Greece; Lebanon
See the Plant Occurrence Worldwide with Latitude and Longitude Available
Overview of Ingredients
169 All known Ingredients in Total
Unique ingredients have been isolated from this plant.Plant-Ingredients Associations were manually curated from publications or collected from other databases.
122 Ingredients with Acceptable Bioavailablity
Unique ingredients exhibit acceptable human oral bioavailablity, according to the criteria of SwissADME [PMID: 28256516] and HobPre [PMID: 34991690]. The criteria details:SwissADME: six descriptors are used by SwissADME to evaluate the oral bioavailability of a natural product:
☑ LIPO(Lipophility): -0.7 < XLOGP3 < +5.0
☑ SIZE: 150g/mol < MW < 500g/mol
☑ POLAR(Polarity): 20Ų < TPSA < 130Ų
☑ INSOLU(Insolubility): -6 < Log S (ESOL) < 0
☑ INSATU(Insaturation): 0.25 < Fraction Csp3 < 1
☑ FLEX(Flexibility): 0 < Num. rotatable bonds < 9
If 6 descriptors of a natural plant satisfy the above rules, it will be labeled high HOB.
HobPre: A natural plant ingredient with HobPre score >0.5 is labeled high human oral availability (HOB)
93 Ingredients with experimental-derived Activity
Unique ingredients have activity data available.Ingredient Structrual Cards
Ingredient ID: NPC99734
Ingredient ID: NPC96582
Ingredient ID: NPC94610
Ingredient ID: NPC94167
Ingredient ID: NPC93888
Ingredient ID: NPC92966
Ingredient ID: NPC88603
Ingredient ID: NPC86655
Ingredient ID: NPC84127
Ingredient ID: NPC82920
Ingredient ID: NPC82287
Ingredient ID: NPC81015
Ingredient ID: NPC78312
Ingredient ID: NPC77916
Ingredient ID: NPC74826
Ingredient ID: NPC74543
Ingredient ID: NPC70744
Ingredient ID: NPC69445
Ingredient ID: NPC62765
Ingredient ID: NPC62045
Ingredient ID: NPC60735
Ingredient ID: NPC59581
Ingredient ID: NPC57020
Ingredient ID: NPC55893
Ingredient ID: NPC5447
Ingredient ID: NPC50898
Ingredient ID: NPC49871
Ingredient ID: NPC490447
Ingredient ID: NPC490439
Ingredient ID: NPC490424
Ingredient ID: NPC490395
Ingredient ID: NPC490332
Ingredient ID: NPC490255
Ingredient ID: NPC490201
Ingredient ID: NPC490120
Ingredient ID: NPC490119
Ingredient ID: NPC490118
Ingredient ID: NPC490117
Ingredient ID: NPC490069
Ingredient ID: NPC490000
Ingredient ID: NPC479874
Ingredient ID: NPC44263
Ingredient ID: NPC42471
Ingredient ID: NPC42403
Ingredient ID: NPC42150
Ingredient ID: NPC4154
Ingredient ID: NPC38508
Ingredient ID: NPC38249
Ingredient ID: NPC3780
Ingredient ID: NPC37793
Ingredient ID: NPC3423
Ingredient ID: NPC328447
Ingredient ID: NPC326391
Ingredient ID: NPC322254
Ingredient ID: NPC319387
Ingredient ID: NPC317120
Ingredient ID: NPC309330
Ingredient ID: NPC302632
Ingredient ID: NPC300326
Ingredient ID: NPC300059
Ingredient ID: NPC299704
Ingredient ID: NPC299134
Ingredient ID: NPC29911
Ingredient ID: NPC29883
Ingredient ID: NPC298448
Ingredient ID: NPC297990
Ingredient ID: NPC297753
Ingredient ID: NPC296912
Ingredient ID: NPC294902
Ingredient ID: NPC293804
Ingredient ID: NPC293628
Ingredient ID: NPC291473
Ingredient ID: NPC291049
Ingredient ID: NPC288588
Ingredient ID: NPC285197
Ingredient ID: NPC281686
Ingredient ID: NPC279661
Ingredient ID: NPC279121
Ingredient ID: NPC27836
Ingredient ID: NPC273483
Ingredient ID: NPC272614
Ingredient ID: NPC269980
Ingredient ID: NPC269919
Ingredient ID: NPC269442
Ingredient ID: NPC265305
Ingredient ID: NPC264395
Ingredient ID: NPC26230
Ingredient ID: NPC261831
Ingredient ID: NPC260837
Ingredient ID: NPC257090
Ingredient ID: NPC255467
Ingredient ID: NPC254764
Ingredient ID: NPC252929
Ingredient ID: NPC249310
Ingredient ID: NPC246679
Ingredient ID: NPC245346
Ingredient ID: NPC242580
Ingredient ID: NPC237812
Ingredient ID: NPC233267
Ingredient ID: NPC230349
Ingredient ID: NPC230085
Ingredient ID: NPC229477
Ingredient ID: NPC22908
Ingredient ID: NPC226453
Ingredient ID: NPC225710
Ingredient ID: NPC225434
Ingredient ID: NPC221178
Ingredient ID: NPC21100
Ingredient ID: NPC210587
Ingredient ID: NPC208793
Ingredient ID: NPC20791
Ingredient ID: NPC206988
Ingredient ID: NPC204364
Ingredient ID: NPC203468
Ingredient ID: NPC197087
Ingredient ID: NPC196434
Ingredient ID: NPC196333
Ingredient ID: NPC194465
Ingredient ID: NPC193989
Ingredient ID: NPC191534
Ingredient ID: NPC191235
Ingredient ID: NPC190454
Ingredient ID: NPC188920
Ingredient ID: NPC187770
Ingredient ID: NPC185755
Ingredient ID: NPC184203
Ingredient ID: NPC181350
Ingredient ID: NPC179950
Ingredient ID: NPC17817
Ingredient ID: NPC17810
Ingredient ID: NPC176740
Ingredient ID: NPC176510
Ingredient ID: NPC175575
Ingredient ID: NPC174477
Ingredient ID: NPC174406
Ingredient ID: NPC174246
Ingredient ID: NPC172904
Ingredient ID: NPC171754
Ingredient ID: NPC169749
Ingredient ID: NPC167400
Ingredient ID: NPC161593
Ingredient ID: NPC159854
Ingredient ID: NPC158069
Ingredient ID: NPC156654
Ingredient ID: NPC156461
Ingredient ID: NPC156018
Ingredient ID: NPC152451
Ingredient ID: NPC1502
Ingredient ID: NPC146422
Ingredient ID: NPC141645
Ingredient ID: NPC139381
Ingredient ID: NPC137739
Ingredient ID: NPC136281
Ingredient ID: NPC136014
Ingredient ID: NPC135539
Ingredient ID: NPC133183
Ingredient ID: NPC126681
Ingredient ID: NPC125062
Ingredient ID: NPC119952
Ingredient ID: NPC119090
Ingredient ID: NPC118429
Ingredient ID: NPC116775
Ingredient ID: NPC115358
Ingredient ID: NPC11433
Ingredient ID: NPC112890
Ingredient ID: NPC111888
Ingredient ID: NPC109494
Ingredient ID: NPC109034
Ingredient ID: NPC108645
Classification of Human Proteins Collectively Targeted by the Plant
Detailed Information of Target Proteins
| Target Type | Protein Class | Gene ID | Protein Name | Uniprot ID | Target ChEMBL ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cytochrome P450 | Cytochrome P450 family 1 | CYP1A2 | Cytochrome P450 1A2 | P05177 | CHEMBL3356 |
| Cytochrome P450 | Cytochrome P450 family 1 | CYP1B1 | Cytochrome P450 1B1 | Q16678 | CHEMBL4878 |
| Cytochrome P450 | Cytochrome P450 family 1 | CYP1A1 | Cytochrome P450 1A1 | P04798 | CHEMBL2231 |
| Cytochrome P450 | Cytochrome P450 family 2 | CYP2B6 | Cytochrome P450 2B6 | P20813 | CHEMBL4729 |
| Cytochrome P450 | Cytochrome P450 family 3 | CYP3A4 | Cytochrome P450 3A4 | P08684 | CHEMBL340 |
| Drug Transporter | SLC superfamily of solute carriers | SLC6A2 | Norepinephrine transporter | P23975 | CHEMBL222 |
| Drug Transporter | SLC superfamily of solute carriers | SLC6A4 | Serotonin transporter | P31645 | CHEMBL228 |
| Drug Transporter | SLC superfamily of solute carriers | SLCO1B1 | Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1 | Q9Y6L6 | CHEMBL1697668 |
| Drug Transporter | SLC superfamily of solute carriers | SLC6A3 | Dopamine transporter | Q01959 | CHEMBL238 |
| Therapeutic Target | Cysteine protease | CASP6 | Caspase-6 | P55212 | CHEMBL3308 |
Clinical trials associated with plant from natural product (NP) & plant level:
| Clinical trials type | Number of clinical trials | |
|---|---|---|
 NP level | 670 | |
 Plant level | 3 | |
| NCT ID | Title | Condition | Form in clinical use | Associated by plant or compound |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT00000152 | Randomized Trial of Beta-Carotene and Macular Degeneration | macular degeneration | Beta Carotene (NPC17810) | NP level |
| NCT00000161 | Randomized Trials of Vitamin Supplements and Eye Disease | cataract | Beta Carotene (NPC17810);Ascorbate (NPC187770) | NP level |
| NCT00000161 | Randomized Trials of Vitamin Supplements and Eye Disease | macular degeneration | Ascorbate (NPC187770);Beta Carotene (NPC17810) | NP level |
| NCT00000324 | Tryptophan and Behavior Therapy for Cocaine Abuse - 1 | cocaine dependence | Tryptophan (NPC203468) | NP level |
| NCT00000372 | Glycine and D-Cycloserine in Schizophrenia | schizophrenia | Glycine (NPC126681) | NP level |
| NCT00000461 | Harvard Atherosclerosis Reversibility Project (HARP) | Myocardial Ischemia | Niacin (NPC167400) | NP level |
| NCT00000482 | Coronary Drug Project | Myocardial Ischemia;myocardial infarction | Niacin (NPC167400) | NP level |
| NCT00000512 | Familial Atherosclerosis Treatment Study | Myocardial Ischemia | Niacin (NPC167400) | NP level |
| NCT00000541 | Women's Antioxidant and Folic Acid Cardiovascular Study (WAFACS) | myocardial infarction | Ascorbate (NPC187770);Beta Carotene (NPC17810);Pyridoxine (NPC269919) | NP level |
| NCT00000541 | Women's Antioxidant and Folic Acid Cardiovascular Study (WAFACS) | Myocardial Ischemia | Beta Carotene (NPC17810);Pyridoxine (NPC269919) | NP level |
❱❱❱ Associated Human Diseases and Detailed Association Evidence
How do we define the Plant-Targeted Human Disease Association?
Associated human diseases of an individual plant are summurized based on FOUR types of association evidence, these include:
❶ Association by Therapeutic Target: Bioactive protein targets of the plant were defined in "Molecular Targets" section, target-disease associations collected from TTD database were subsequently used to build the associations between the plant and its targeted human diseases.
❷ Association by Disease Gene Reversion: Plant and a specific disease will be associated when >= 1 plant target gene overlaped with disease's DEGs.
❸ Association by Clinical Trials of Plant: Plant and a specific disease will be associated when >= 1 clinical trial (the plant is the intervetion) can be matched in ClinicalTrials.gov database.
❹ Association by Clinical Trials of Plant Ingredients: Plant and a specific disease will be associated when >= 1 clinical trial (the plant ingredient is the intervetion) can be matched in ClinicalTrials.gov database.
Associated Disease of the Plant | Association Type & Detailed Evidence |
|---|---|
Abdominal pelvic painDisease Category: 21.Symptoms, signs or clinical findings, not elsewhere classifiedDisease ICD-11 Code: MD81 |
NCT00694564
|
AbortionDisease Category: 18.Pregnancy, childbirth or the puerperiumDisease ICD-11 Code: JA00 |
DRD1
|
Acne vulgarisDisease Category: 14.Diseases of the skinDisease ICD-11 Code: ED80 |
ESR1,MMP2
NCT03522922 |
Acquired hypermelanosisDisease Category: 14.Diseases of the skinDisease ICD-11 Code: ED60 |
TYR
|
Acquired hypomelanotic disorderDisease Category: 14.Diseases of the skinDisease ICD-11 Code: ED63 |
TYR
|
Acquired prion diseaseDisease Category: 08.Diseases of the nervous systemDisease ICD-11 Code: 8E01 |
ESR1
|
Acute diabete complicationDisease Category: 05.Endocrine, nutritional or metabolic diseasesDisease ICD-11 Code: 5A2Y |
AURKB,AKR1B1,PPARA,NR3C1,DPP4,KDR
|
Acute ischaemic heart disease, unspecifiedDisease Category: 11.Diseases of the circulatory systemDisease ICD-11 Code: BA4Z |
NCT00855257
|
Acute myeloid leukaemiaDisease Category: 02.NeoplasmsDisease ICD-11 Code: 2A60 |
KDM1A,GSK3B,AXL,MAPT,FLT3,NFKB1,TP53,TOP2A,AURKB,PIM1,SRC
NCT00184054,NCT01842139,NCT00329498 |
Acute myocardial infarctionDisease Category: 11.Diseases of the circulatory systemDisease ICD-11 Code: BA41 |
NCT02929888,NCT00781404
|
❱❱❱ Network Visualization of Plant-Targeted Human Disease Associations
>> Targets derived from weak experimental activities
