Structure

Physi-Chem Properties

Molecular Weight:  130.14
Volume:  155.715
LogP:  2.802
LogD:  2.429
LogS:  -1.891
# Rotatable Bonds:  5
TPSA:  20.23
# H-Bond Aceptor:  1
# H-Bond Donor:  1
# Rings:  0
# Heavy Atoms:  1

MedChem Properties

QED Drug-Likeness Score:  0.566
Synthetic Accessibility Score:  2.22
Fsp3:  1.0
Lipinski Rule-of-5:  Accepted
Pfizer Rule:  Accepted
GSK Rule:  Accepted
BMS Rule:  0
Golden Triangle Rule:  Rejected
Chelating Alert:  0
PAINS Alert:  0

ADMET Properties (ADMETlab2.0)

ADMET: Absorption

Caco-2 Permeability:  -4.235
MDCK Permeability:  2.557967854954768e-05
Pgp-inhibitor:  0.0
Pgp-substrate:  0.32
Human Intestinal Absorption (HIA):  0.005
20% Bioavailability (F20%):  0.614
30% Bioavailability (F30%):  0.64

ADMET: Distribution

Blood-Brain-Barrier Penetration (BBB):  0.958
Plasma Protein Binding (PPB):  76.89910125732422%
Volume Distribution (VD):  1.084
Pgp-substrate:  30.377817153930664%

ADMET: Metabolism

CYP1A2-inhibitor:  0.786
CYP1A2-substrate:  0.864
CYP2C19-inhibitor:  0.231
CYP2C19-substrate:  0.679
CYP2C9-inhibitor:  0.125
CYP2C9-substrate:  0.907
CYP2D6-inhibitor:  0.011
CYP2D6-substrate:  0.31
CYP3A4-inhibitor:  0.019
CYP3A4-substrate:  0.148

ADMET: Excretion

Clearance (CL):  9.388
Half-life (T1/2):  0.598

ADMET: Toxicity

hERG Blockers:  0.033
Human Hepatotoxicity (H-HT):  0.026
Drug-inuced Liver Injury (DILI):  0.04
AMES Toxicity:  0.011
Rat Oral Acute Toxicity:  0.031
Maximum Recommended Daily Dose:  0.019
Skin Sensitization:  0.344
Carcinogencity:  0.109
Eye Corrosion:  0.944
Eye Irritation:  0.988
Respiratory Toxicity:  0.073

Download Data

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General Info & Identifiers & Properties  
Structure MOL file  
Source Organisms  
Biological Activities  
Similar NPs/Drugs  

  Natural Product: NPC72324

Natural Product ID:  NPC72324
Common Name*:   2-Octanol
IUPAC Name:   octan-2-ol
Synonyms:   2-Octanol
Standard InCHIKey:  SJWFXCIHNDVPSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Standard InCHI:  InChI=1S/C8H18O/c1-3-4-5-6-7-8(2)9/h8-9H,3-7H2,1-2H3
SMILES:  CCCCCCC(O)C
Synthetic Gene Cluster:   n.a.
ChEMBL Identifier:   CHEMBL510068
PubChem CID:   20083
Chemical Classification**:  
  • CHEMONTID:0000000 [Organic compounds]
    • [CHEMONTID:0000012] Lipids and lipid-like molecules
      • [CHEMONTID:0003909] Fatty Acyls
        • [CHEMONTID:0001334] Fatty alcohols

*Note: the InCHIKey will be temporarily assigned as the "Common Name" if no IUPAC name or alternative short name is available.
**Note: the Chemical Classification was calculated by NPClassifier Version 1.5. Reference: PMID:34662515.

  Species Source

Organism ID Organism Name Taxonomy Level Family SuperKingdom Isolation Part Collection Location Collection Time Reference
NPO15810 Zea mays Species Poaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. DOI[10.1021/jf00055a023]
NPO22741 Curcuma kwangsiensis Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota n.a. rhizome n.a. DOI[10.1021/np100392m]
NPO15810 Zea mays Species Poaceae Eukaryota n.a. seed n.a. PMID[11539687]
NPO15810 Zea mays Species Poaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[12713418]
NPO22741 Curcuma kwangsiensis Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota Rhizomes n.a. n.a. PMID[20879743]
NPO15810 Zea mays Species Poaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[21080643]
NPO15810 Zea mays Species Poaceae Eukaryota n.a. leaf n.a. PMID[21574561]
NPO15810 Zea mays Species Poaceae Eukaryota n.a. husk n.a. PMID[21574561]
NPO22741 Curcuma kwangsiensis Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[21807513]
NPO15810 Zea mays Species Poaceae Eukaryota n.a. seed n.a. PMID[23292602]
NPO2618 Curcuma wenyujin Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota n.a. rhizome n.a. PMID[23738470]
NPO2618 Curcuma wenyujin Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota n.a. root n.a. PMID[23738470]
NPO18068 Curcuma phaeocaulis Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota rhizomes n.a. n.a. PMID[23755850]
NPO2618 Curcuma wenyujin Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota Rhizomes n.a. n.a. PMID[25275213]
NPO15810 Zea mays Species Poaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[29762032]
NPO15810 Zea mays Species Poaceae Eukaryota n.a. pollen n.a. PMID[8987503]
NPO7929 Curcuma zedoaria Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[9868158]
NPO15810 Zea mays Species Poaceae Eukaryota Stem n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO15810 Zea mays Species Poaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO15810 Zea mays Species Poaceae Eukaryota Cob n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO15810 Zea mays Species Poaceae Eukaryota Fruit n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO15810 Zea mays Species Poaceae Eukaryota Husk Essent. Oil n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO15810 Zea mays Species Poaceae Eukaryota Oil n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO15810 Zea mays Species Poaceae Eukaryota Plant n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO15810 Zea mays Species Poaceae Eukaryota Pollen Or Spore n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO15810 Zea mays Species Poaceae Eukaryota Root n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO15810 Zea mays Species Poaceae Eukaryota Seed n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO15810 Zea mays Species Poaceae Eukaryota Seed Essent. Oil n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO15810 Zea mays Species Poaceae Eukaryota Shoot n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO15810 Zea mays Species Poaceae Eukaryota Silk Essent. Oil n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO15810 Zea mays Species Poaceae Eukaryota Silk Stigma Style n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO7929 Curcuma zedoaria Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO15810 Zea mays Species Poaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO22741 Curcuma kwangsiensis Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO7929 Curcuma zedoaria Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO22741 Curcuma kwangsiensis Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO15810 Zea mays Species Poaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO7929 Curcuma zedoaria Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO15810 Zea mays Species Poaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO2618 Curcuma wenyujin Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO22741 Curcuma kwangsiensis Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO22741 Curcuma kwangsiensis Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TM-MC]
NPO18068 Curcuma phaeocaulis Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TM-MC]
NPO2618 Curcuma wenyujin Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TM-MC]
NPO7929 Curcuma zedoaria Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TM-MC]
NPO15810 Zea mays Species Poaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TM-MC]
NPO22741 Curcuma kwangsiensis Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO18068 Curcuma phaeocaulis Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO7929 Curcuma zedoaria Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO15810 Zea mays Species Poaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO2618 Curcuma wenyujin Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]

☑ Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP source organism data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated them from below databases:
☉ UNPD: Universal Natural Products Database [PMID: 23638153].
☉ StreptomeDB: a database of streptomycetes natural products [PMID: 33051671].
☉ TM-MC: a database of medicinal materials and chemical compounds in Northeast Asian traditional medicine [PMID: 26156871].
☉ TCM@Taiwan: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 21253603].
☉ TCMID: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 29106634].
☉ TCMSP: The traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform [PMID: 24735618].
☉ HerDing: a herb recommendation system to treat diseases using genes and chemicals [PMID: 26980517].
☉ MetaboLights: a metabolomics database [PMID: 27010336].
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

  NP Quantity Composition/Concentration

Organism ID NP ID Organism Material Preparation Organism Part NP Quantity (Standard) NP Quantity (Minimum) NP Quantity (Maximum) Quantity Unit Reference
NPO15810 NPC72324 Raw Husk Essent. Oil 1200 1200 1200 mg/100g Database [DUKE]
NPO15810 NPC72324 Raw Seed Essent. Oil 2000 2000 2000 mg/100g Database [DUKE]

☑ Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP quantitative records for specific NP domains (e.g., NPS from foods or herbs) from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ DUKE: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases.
☉ PHENOL EXPLORER: is the first comprehensive database on polyphenol content in foods [PMID: 24103452], its homepage can be accessed at here.
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

  Biological Activity

Target ID Target Type Target Name Target Organism Activity Type Activity Relation Value Unit Reference
NPT2 Others Unspecified Potency n.a. 78526.7 nM PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT2 Others Unspecified Potency n.a. 27306 nM PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT2 Others Unspecified Potency n.a. 69987 nM PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT2 Others Unspecified Potency n.a. 55592.7 nM PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT2 Others Unspecified Potency n.a. 489.7 nM PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT2 Others Unspecified Potency n.a. 17738 nM PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT2 Others Unspecified Potency n.a. 24832.3 nM PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT27 Others Unspecified log Ks = 3.13 n.a. PMID[478516]
NPT167 Organism Propionibacterium acnes Propionibacterium acnes MIC = 800.0 ug.mL-1 PMID[478517]

☑ Note for Activity Records:
☉ The quantitative biological activities were primarily integrated from ChEMBL (Version-30) database and were also directly collected from PubMed literature. PubMed PMID was provided as the reference link for each activity record.

  Chemically structural similarity: I. Similar Active Natural Products in NPASS

Top-200 similar NPs were calculated against the active-NP-set (includes 4,3285 NPs with experimentally-derived bioactivity available in NPASS)

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules. Tc lies between [0, 1] where '1' indicates the highest similarity. What is Tanimoto coefficient

●  The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC72324 and all remaining natural products in the NPASS database.
●  The right table: Most similar natural products (Tc>=0.56 or Top200).

Similarity Score Similarity Level Natural Product ID
1.0 High Similarity NPC66124
1.0 High Similarity NPC1748
1.0 High Similarity NPC319034
1.0 High Similarity NPC193062
0.9667 High Similarity NPC267243
0.9667 High Similarity NPC122962
0.9375 High Similarity NPC97967
0.9333 High Similarity NPC163556
0.9333 High Similarity NPC236797
0.9333 High Similarity NPC24506
0.9333 High Similarity NPC147096
0.9333 High Similarity NPC185041
0.9333 High Similarity NPC225783
0.9333 High Similarity NPC112242
0.9091 High Similarity NPC474392
0.9091 High Similarity NPC474914
0.9032 High Similarity NPC126915
0.9 High Similarity NPC110884
0.875 High Similarity NPC181516
0.875 High Similarity NPC291158
0.875 High Similarity NPC139131
0.875 High Similarity NPC272998
0.875 High Similarity NPC185538
0.875 High Similarity NPC205141
0.8667 High Similarity NPC159845
0.8667 High Similarity NPC279895
0.8182 Intermediate Similarity NPC152759
0.8182 Intermediate Similarity NPC12231
0.8 Intermediate Similarity NPC560
0.7838 Intermediate Similarity NPC471282
0.7778 Intermediate Similarity NPC74352
0.7778 Intermediate Similarity NPC177022
0.7667 Intermediate Similarity NPC232554
0.7667 Intermediate Similarity NPC275462
0.75 Intermediate Similarity NPC325345
0.7429 Intermediate Similarity NPC139569
0.7429 Intermediate Similarity NPC283682
0.7368 Intermediate Similarity NPC221022
0.7333 Intermediate Similarity NPC245688
0.7317 Intermediate Similarity NPC215358
0.7317 Intermediate Similarity NPC62014
0.7317 Intermediate Similarity NPC469781
0.7143 Intermediate Similarity NPC473914
0.7105 Intermediate Similarity NPC197039
0.7097 Intermediate Similarity NPC213764
0.7073 Intermediate Similarity NPC76051
0.7073 Intermediate Similarity NPC144891
0.7 Intermediate Similarity NPC39977
0.7 Intermediate Similarity NPC52403
0.6977 Remote Similarity NPC287550
0.6977 Remote Similarity NPC198540
0.6977 Remote Similarity NPC324004
0.6977 Remote Similarity NPC223468
0.6977 Remote Similarity NPC176309
0.6977 Remote Similarity NPC147343
0.6977 Remote Similarity NPC8597
0.6977 Remote Similarity NPC84030
0.6977 Remote Similarity NPC328497
0.697 Remote Similarity NPC223195
0.6905 Remote Similarity NPC240994
0.6875 Remote Similarity NPC252154
0.6857 Remote Similarity NPC272426
0.6829 Remote Similarity NPC249801
0.6829 Remote Similarity NPC46248
0.6818 Remote Similarity NPC29222
0.6818 Remote Similarity NPC106872
0.6818 Remote Similarity NPC121062
0.6818 Remote Similarity NPC200618
0.6818 Remote Similarity NPC131770
0.6818 Remote Similarity NPC96966
0.675 Remote Similarity NPC160261
0.675 Remote Similarity NPC152008
0.675 Remote Similarity NPC469759
0.6667 Remote Similarity NPC299484
0.6667 Remote Similarity NPC304162
0.6667 Remote Similarity NPC252978
0.6585 Remote Similarity NPC474361
0.6579 Remote Similarity NPC328441
0.6579 Remote Similarity NPC61665
0.6562 Remote Similarity NPC88887
0.6522 Remote Similarity NPC90904
0.6486 Remote Similarity NPC474089
0.6486 Remote Similarity NPC474120
0.6471 Remote Similarity NPC52362
0.6444 Remote Similarity NPC314087
0.641 Remote Similarity NPC277333
0.6364 Remote Similarity NPC87439
0.6364 Remote Similarity NPC30195
0.6364 Remote Similarity NPC76976
0.6364 Remote Similarity NPC12438
0.6333 Remote Similarity NPC294703
0.6316 Remote Similarity NPC196442
0.6316 Remote Similarity NPC325034
0.6316 Remote Similarity NPC192065
0.6316 Remote Similarity NPC66052
0.6316 Remote Similarity NPC293908
0.6316 Remote Similarity NPC86545
0.6316 Remote Similarity NPC86412
0.6316 Remote Similarity NPC301398
0.6316 Remote Similarity NPC223374
0.625 Remote Similarity NPC123814
0.625 Remote Similarity NPC199270
0.625 Remote Similarity NPC474322
0.6222 Remote Similarity NPC319709
0.6222 Remote Similarity NPC289484
0.6216 Remote Similarity NPC147054
0.6176 Remote Similarity NPC39869
0.6176 Remote Similarity NPC276332
0.6122 Remote Similarity NPC270041
0.6122 Remote Similarity NPC161473
0.6098 Remote Similarity NPC261080
0.6098 Remote Similarity NPC279026
0.6098 Remote Similarity NPC301585
0.6098 Remote Similarity NPC14227
0.6098 Remote Similarity NPC301696
0.6098 Remote Similarity NPC31557
0.6098 Remote Similarity NPC113928
0.6098 Remote Similarity NPC28394
0.6098 Remote Similarity NPC154186
0.6098 Remote Similarity NPC201844
0.6061 Remote Similarity NPC140389
0.6061 Remote Similarity NPC190797
0.6053 Remote Similarity NPC286498
0.6042 Remote Similarity NPC100096
0.6042 Remote Similarity NPC307022
0.6 Remote Similarity NPC471423
0.6 Remote Similarity NPC163707
0.6 Remote Similarity NPC256209
0.6 Remote Similarity NPC53209
0.6 Remote Similarity NPC289979
0.6 Remote Similarity NPC49059
0.6 Remote Similarity NPC320588
0.6 Remote Similarity NPC53463
0.6 Remote Similarity NPC23155
0.6 Remote Similarity NPC469937
0.6 Remote Similarity NPC128996
0.6 Remote Similarity NPC471442
0.5946 Remote Similarity NPC182541
0.5946 Remote Similarity NPC197207
0.5946 Remote Similarity NPC149070
0.5946 Remote Similarity NPC127074
0.5946 Remote Similarity NPC187058
0.5909 Remote Similarity NPC74845
0.5882 Remote Similarity NPC277917
0.5882 Remote Similarity NPC166894
0.5882 Remote Similarity NPC89069
0.5882 Remote Similarity NPC67508
0.5882 Remote Similarity NPC84824
0.5882 Remote Similarity NPC283655
0.5882 Remote Similarity NPC471269
0.5882 Remote Similarity NPC178223
0.5854 Remote Similarity NPC473568
0.5854 Remote Similarity NPC469714
0.5854 Remote Similarity NPC469712
0.5814 Remote Similarity NPC209970
0.5814 Remote Similarity NPC241279
0.5814 Remote Similarity NPC307783
0.5814 Remote Similarity NPC216630
0.5814 Remote Similarity NPC196924
0.5814 Remote Similarity NPC171736
0.5814 Remote Similarity NPC149184
0.58 Remote Similarity NPC474496
0.58 Remote Similarity NPC187361
0.58 Remote Similarity NPC477724
0.58 Remote Similarity NPC26102
0.5778 Remote Similarity NPC287231
0.5778 Remote Similarity NPC47363
0.5769 Remote Similarity NPC148424
0.5769 Remote Similarity NPC24443
0.5769 Remote Similarity NPC471605
0.5769 Remote Similarity NPC8979
0.5769 Remote Similarity NPC471443
0.5758 Remote Similarity NPC256186
0.5758 Remote Similarity NPC23071
0.5758 Remote Similarity NPC114270
0.575 Remote Similarity NPC80641
0.5714 Remote Similarity NPC214610
0.5714 Remote Similarity NPC474495
0.5714 Remote Similarity NPC118968
0.5714 Remote Similarity NPC320326
0.5714 Remote Similarity NPC473672
0.5714 Remote Similarity NPC183424
0.5714 Remote Similarity NPC294085
0.5686 Remote Similarity NPC327257
0.5682 Remote Similarity NPC67462
0.5667 Remote Similarity NPC311000
0.566 Remote Similarity NPC168308
0.566 Remote Similarity NPC474577
0.566 Remote Similarity NPC29976
0.566 Remote Similarity NPC291147
0.566 Remote Similarity NPC119425
0.566 Remote Similarity NPC150713
0.566 Remote Similarity NPC322148
0.566 Remote Similarity NPC302569
0.5652 Remote Similarity NPC77550
0.5652 Remote Similarity NPC145045
0.5652 Remote Similarity NPC108441
0.5652 Remote Similarity NPC105329
0.5652 Remote Similarity NPC201948
0.5652 Remote Similarity NPC63182

  Chemically structural similarity: II. Similar Clinical/Approved Drugs

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules.

●  The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC72324 and all drugs/candidates.
●  The right table: Most similar clinical/approved drugs (Tc>=0.56 or Top200).

Similarity Score Similarity Level Drug ID Developmental Stage
0.875 High Similarity NPD5383 Approved
0.875 High Similarity NPD2272 Approved
0.75 Intermediate Similarity NPD8988 Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.6977 Remote Similarity NPD385 Approved
0.6977 Remote Similarity NPD384 Approved
0.6857 Remote Similarity NPD1461 Approved
0.6857 Remote Similarity NPD908 Approved
0.6857 Remote Similarity NPD907 Approved
0.675 Remote Similarity NPD7536 Approved
0.6522 Remote Similarity NPD3214 Discontinued
0.6429 Remote Similarity NPD1462 Approved
0.6341 Remote Similarity NPD1460 Approved
0.6316 Remote Similarity NPD9053 Approved
0.6316 Remote Similarity NPD9051 Approved
0.6316 Remote Similarity NPD9052 Approved
0.625 Remote Similarity NPD3215 Phase 1
0.6222 Remote Similarity NPD3211 Approved
0.6098 Remote Similarity NPD633 Phase 3
0.6098 Remote Similarity NPD9448 Phase 2
0.6 Remote Similarity NPD3728 Approved
0.6 Remote Similarity NPD8224 Approved
0.6 Remote Similarity NPD3730 Approved
0.6 Remote Similarity NPD3729 Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.6 Remote Similarity NPD1152 Phase 2
0.5946 Remote Similarity NPD8814 Phase 3
0.5814 Remote Similarity NPD2270 Approved
0.5778 Remote Similarity NPD2699 Approved
0.5758 Remote Similarity NPD8225 Phase 3
0.575 Remote Similarity NPD370 Phase 3
0.5714 Remote Similarity NPD9655 Approved
0.5714 Remote Similarity NPD5799 Discontinued
0.5667 Remote Similarity NPD8223 Approved
0.5652 Remote Similarity NPD388 Approved
0.5652 Remote Similarity NPD386 Approved

  Bioactivity similarity: Similar Natural Products in NPASS

Bioactivity similarity was calculated based on bioactivity descriptors of compounds. The bioactivity descriptors were calculated by a recently developed AI algorithm Chemical Checker (CC) [Nature Biotechnology, 38:1087–1096, 2020; Nature Communications, 12:3932, 2021], which evaluated bioactivity similarities at five levels:
☉ A: chemistry similarity;
☉ B: biological targets similarity;
☉ C: networks similarity;
☉ D: cell-based bioactivity similarity;
☉ E: similarity based on clinical data.

Those 5 categories of CC bioactivity descriptors were calculated and then subjected to manifold projection using UMAP algorithm, to project all NPs on a 2-Dimensional space. The current NP was highlighted with a small circle in the 2-D map. Below figures: left-to-right, A-to-E.

A: chemistry similarity
B: biological targets similarity
C: networks similarity
D: cell-based bioactivity similarity
E: similarity based on clinical data