NPASS Compound

Structure

Physi-Chem Properties

Molecular Weight:	562.26
Volume:	546.026
LogP:	5.179
LogD:	4.47
LogS:	-6.316
# Rotatable Bonds:	10
TPSA:	132.86
# H-Bond Aceptor:	8
# H-Bond Donor:	0
# Rings:	4
# Heavy Atoms:	10

MedChem Properties

QED Drug-Likeness Score:	0.255
Synthetic Accessibility Score:	5.092
Fsp3:	1
Lipinski Rule-of-5:	Rejected
Pfizer Rule:	Accepted
GSK Rule:	Rejected
BMS Rule:	0
Golden Triangle Rule:	Rejected
Chelating Alert:	0
PAINS Alert:	0

ADMET Properties (ADMETlab2.0)

ADMET: Absorption

Caco-2 Permeability:	-4.878
MDCK Permeability:	2.95E-05
Pgp-inhibitor:	0.984
Pgp-substrate:	0
Human Intestinal Absorption (HIA):	0.004
20% Bioavailability (F20%):	0.008
30% Bioavailability (F30%):	0.216

ADMET: Distribution

Blood-Brain-Barrier Penetration (BBB):	0.028
Plasma Protein Binding (PPB):	97.43%
Volume Distribution (VD):	1.39
Pgp-substrate:	1.77%

ADMET: Metabolism

CYP1A2-inhibitor:	0.008
CYP1A2-substrate:	0.378
CYP2C19-inhibitor:	0.012
CYP2C19-substrate:	0.899
CYP2C9-inhibitor:	0.14
CYP2C9-substrate:	0.066
CYP2D6-inhibitor:	0.008
CYP2D6-substrate:	0.234
CYP3A4-inhibitor:	0.035
CYP3A4-substrate:	0.087

ADMET: Excretion

Clearance (CL):	1.729
Half-life (T1/2):	0.006

ADMET: Toxicity

hERG Blockers:	0.976
Human Hepatotoxicity (H-HT):	0.924
Drug-inuced Liver Injury (DILI):	0.962
AMES Toxicity:	0.959
Rat Oral Acute Toxicity:	0.283
Maximum Recommended Daily Dose:	0.966
Skin Sensitization:	0.992
Carcinogencity:	0.796
Eye Corrosion:	0.997
Eye Irritation:	0.85
Respiratory Toxicity:	0.974

Download Data

Data Type	Select
General Info & Identifiers & Properties
Structure MOL file
Source Organisms
Biological Activities
Similar NPs/Drugs

Natural Product: NPC477603

Natural Product ID:	NPC477603
*Common Name:**	[(3R,5S,8R,9S,10S,13S,14S,17R)-10,13-dimethyl-17-[(2R)-6-methyl-1-sulfonatooxyheptan-2-yl]-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl] sulfate
IUPAC Name:	[(3R,5S,8R,9S,10S,13S,14S,17R)-10,13-dimethyl-17-[(2R)-6-methyl-1-sulfonatooxyheptan-2-yl]-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl] sulfate
Synonyms:
Standard InCHIKey:	VEQCVGZRHVVXNW-QCSXHGAMSA-L
Standard InCHI:	InChI=1S/C27H48O8S2.2Na/c1-18(2)6-5-7-19(17-34-36(28,29)30)23-10-11-24-22-9-8-20-16-21(35-37(31,32)33)12-14-26(20,3)25(22)13-15-27(23,24)4;;/h18-25H,5-17H2,1-4H3,(H,28,29,30)(H,31,32,33);;/q;2*+1/p-2/t19-,20-,21+,22-,23+,24-,25-,26-,27+;;/m0../s1
SMILES:	CC(C)CCC[C@@H](COS(=O)(=O)[O-])[C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3CC[C@H]4C[C@@H](CC[C@]4(C)[C@H]3CC[C@]12C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-].[Na+].[Na+]
Synthetic Gene Cluster:	n.a.
ChEMBL Identifier:	CHEMBL500816
PubChem CID:	44566769
Chemical Classification:**	CHEMONTID:0000000 [Organic compounds] [CHEMONTID:0000012] Lipids and lipid-like molecules [CHEMONTID:0000258] Steroids and steroid derivatives [CHEMONTID:0001445] Bile acids, alcohols and derivatives

*Note: the InCHIKey will be temporarily assigned as the "Common Name" if no IUPAC name or alternative short name is available.
**Note: the Chemical Classification was calculated by NPClassifier Version 1.5. Reference: PMID:34662515.

Species Source

Organism ID	Organism Name	Taxonomy Level	Family	SuperKingdom	Isolation Part	Collection Location	Collection Time	Reference
NPO12163	Pteraster pulvillus	Species	Pterasteridae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[12608872]
NPO33547	Ophioderma longicaudum	Species		Eukaryota	n.a.	Bay of Naples	n.a.	PMID[8145229]
NPO12163	Pteraster pulvillus	Species	Pterasteridae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]

☑ Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP source organism data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated them from below databases:
☉ UNPD: Universal Natural Products Database [PMID: 23638153].
☉ StreptomeDB: a database of streptomycetes natural products [PMID: 33051671].
☉ TM-MC: a database of medicinal materials and chemical compounds in Northeast Asian traditional medicine [PMID: 26156871].
☉ TCM@Taiwan: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 21253603].
☉ TCMID: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 29106634].
☉ TCMSP: The traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform [PMID: 24735618].
☉ HerDing: a herb recommendation system to treat diseases using genes and chemicals [PMID: 26980517].
☉ MetaboLights: a metabolomics database [PMID: 27010336].
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

NP Quantity Composition/Concentration

Organism ID	NP ID	Organism Material Preparation	Organism Part	NP Quantity (Standard)	NP Quantity (Minimum)	NP Quantity (Maximum)	Quantity Unit	Reference

☑ Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP quantitative records for specific NP domains (e.g., NPS from foods or herbs) from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ DUKE: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases.
☉ PHENOL EXPLORER: is the first comprehensive database on polyphenol content in foods [PMID: 24103452], its homepage can be accessed at here.
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

Biological Activity

Activity Type	# Activity
EC50	2
IC50	2
Others	1

Activity Type	# Activity
Cell Line	2
Organism	2
Others	1

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference
NPT404	Cell Line	CCRF-CEM	Homo sapiens	EC50	=	164000.0	nM	PMID[567197]
NPT404	Cell Line	CCRF-CEM	Homo sapiens	EC50	>	63000.0	nM	PMID[567197]
NPT24	Organism	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	IC50	>	312000.0	nM	PMID[567197]
NPT3795	Organism	Human immunodeficiency virus 2	Human immunodeficiency virus 2	IC50	>	156000.0	nM	PMID[567197]
NPT27	Others	Unspecified		HC50	=	1.0	10'-5M	PMID[567198]

☑ Note for Activity Records:
☉ The quantitative biological activities were primarily integrated from ChEMBL (Version-30) database and were also directly collected from PubMed literature. PubMed PMID was provided as the reference link for each activity record.

Chemically structural similarity: I. Similar Active Natural Products in NPASS

Top-200 similar NPs were calculated against the active-NP-set (includes 4,3285 NPs with experimentally-derived bioactivity available in NPASS)

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules. Tc lies between [0, 1] where '1' indicates the highest similarity. What is Tanimoto coefficient

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC477603 and all remaining natural products in the NPASS database.
● The right table: Most similar natural products (Tc>=0.56 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	435
0.1-0.2	6670
0.2-0.3	18902
0.3-0.4	7057
0.4-0.5	5230
0.5-0.6	3448
0.6-0.7	770
0.7-0.8	159
0.8-0.85	11
0.85-0.9	6
0.9-0.95	7
0.95-1	2

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Natural Product ID
0.9677	High Similarity	NPC475172
0.9091	High Similarity	NPC473552
0.9091	High Similarity	NPC477821
0.9091	High Similarity	NPC324984
0.9091	High Similarity	NPC323900
0.9091	High Similarity	NPC477823
0.9091	High Similarity	NPC478103
0.9091	High Similarity	NPC477822
0.8824	High Similarity	NPC478130
0.8696	High Similarity	NPC478105
0.8571	High Similarity	NPC477602
0.8571	High Similarity	NPC473916
0.8571	High Similarity	NPC477601
0.8438	Intermediate Similarity	NPC114891
0.8333	Intermediate Similarity	NPC478128
0.8281	Intermediate Similarity	NPC71460
0.8281	Intermediate Similarity	NPC148174
0.8281	Intermediate Similarity	NPC218585
0.8219	Intermediate Similarity	NPC474132
0.806	Intermediate Similarity	NPC142712
0.803	Intermediate Similarity	NPC167995
0.803	Intermediate Similarity	NPC281540
0.803	Intermediate Similarity	NPC118937
0.803	Intermediate Similarity	NPC69149
0.803	Intermediate Similarity	NPC159654
0.8	Intermediate Similarity	NPC126642
0.7971	Intermediate Similarity	NPC107919
0.7971	Intermediate Similarity	NPC66407
0.7941	Intermediate Similarity	NPC48079
0.7941	Intermediate Similarity	NPC475884
0.7941	Intermediate Similarity	NPC473230
0.791	Intermediate Similarity	NPC473276
0.791	Intermediate Similarity	NPC474380
0.791	Intermediate Similarity	NPC41577
0.7895	Intermediate Similarity	NPC477599
0.7857	Intermediate Similarity	NPC63588
0.7857	Intermediate Similarity	NPC251201
0.7857	Intermediate Similarity	NPC192192
0.7857	Intermediate Similarity	NPC232925
0.7838	Intermediate Similarity	NPC329117
0.7838	Intermediate Similarity	NPC475337
0.7826	Intermediate Similarity	NPC472741
0.7812	Intermediate Similarity	NPC476735
0.7794	Intermediate Similarity	NPC44122
0.7763	Intermediate Similarity	NPC473534
0.7746	Intermediate Similarity	NPC127094
0.7746	Intermediate Similarity	NPC252182
0.7746	Intermediate Similarity	NPC1340
0.7746	Intermediate Similarity	NPC187471
0.7746	Intermediate Similarity	NPC157422
0.7746	Intermediate Similarity	NPC100586
0.7746	Intermediate Similarity	NPC109457
0.7746	Intermediate Similarity	NPC470071
0.7714	Intermediate Similarity	NPC470830
0.7714	Intermediate Similarity	NPC299948
0.7714	Intermediate Similarity	NPC254037
0.7714	Intermediate Similarity	NPC241085
0.7714	Intermediate Similarity	NPC129829
0.7714	Intermediate Similarity	NPC477820
0.7692	Intermediate Similarity	NPC469878
0.7639	Intermediate Similarity	NPC470610
0.7639	Intermediate Similarity	NPC153719
0.7606	Intermediate Similarity	NPC282454
0.7606	Intermediate Similarity	NPC231945
0.7564	Intermediate Similarity	NPC478054
0.7534	Intermediate Similarity	NPC304499
0.7534	Intermediate Similarity	NPC48795
0.75	Intermediate Similarity	NPC151018
0.75	Intermediate Similarity	NPC157777
0.75	Intermediate Similarity	NPC473279
0.75	Intermediate Similarity	NPC156277
0.75	Intermediate Similarity	NPC131506
0.75	Intermediate Similarity	NPC320549
0.75	Intermediate Similarity	NPC195530
0.75	Intermediate Similarity	NPC58057
0.7468	Intermediate Similarity	NPC478102
0.7465	Intermediate Similarity	NPC99264
0.7432	Intermediate Similarity	NPC243027
0.7432	Intermediate Similarity	NPC196136
0.7432	Intermediate Similarity	NPC158208
0.7432	Intermediate Similarity	NPC317242
0.7429	Intermediate Similarity	NPC63190
0.7407	Intermediate Similarity	NPC477600
0.7397	Intermediate Similarity	NPC472341
0.7397	Intermediate Similarity	NPC473238
0.7397	Intermediate Similarity	NPC232112
0.7391	Intermediate Similarity	NPC472946
0.7391	Intermediate Similarity	NPC475943
0.7391	Intermediate Similarity	NPC243469
0.7391	Intermediate Similarity	NPC190827
0.7333	Intermediate Similarity	NPC4209
0.7333	Intermediate Similarity	NPC163597
0.7317	Intermediate Similarity	NPC317363
0.7297	Intermediate Similarity	NPC272359
0.7297	Intermediate Similarity	NPC10476
0.7297	Intermediate Similarity	NPC477508
0.7297	Intermediate Similarity	NPC228994
0.7297	Intermediate Similarity	NPC192501
0.7297	Intermediate Similarity	NPC254340
0.7297	Intermediate Similarity	NPC280026
0.7297	Intermediate Similarity	NPC167702
0.7284	Intermediate Similarity	NPC478094
0.7284	Intermediate Similarity	NPC477604
0.7273	Intermediate Similarity	NPC162685
0.726	Intermediate Similarity	NPC127283
0.726	Intermediate Similarity	NPC111234
0.726	Intermediate Similarity	NPC8004
0.725	Intermediate Similarity	NPC320824
0.7237	Intermediate Similarity	NPC185915
0.7237	Intermediate Similarity	NPC192046
0.7237	Intermediate Similarity	NPC11907
0.7237	Intermediate Similarity	NPC302578
0.7237	Intermediate Similarity	NPC477227
0.7237	Intermediate Similarity	NPC207010
0.7237	Intermediate Similarity	NPC64081
0.7237	Intermediate Similarity	NPC474574
0.7237	Intermediate Similarity	NPC133596
0.7237	Intermediate Similarity	NPC212453
0.7237	Intermediate Similarity	NPC105208
0.7237	Intermediate Similarity	NPC128951
0.7237	Intermediate Similarity	NPC317913
0.7222	Intermediate Similarity	NPC327728
0.7222	Intermediate Similarity	NPC6120
0.7222	Intermediate Similarity	NPC131892
0.7222	Intermediate Similarity	NPC213178
0.72	Intermediate Similarity	NPC3403
0.72	Intermediate Similarity	NPC91387
0.72	Intermediate Similarity	NPC195155
0.72	Intermediate Similarity	NPC240235
0.72	Intermediate Similarity	NPC185536
0.72	Intermediate Similarity	NPC230704
0.72	Intermediate Similarity	NPC97534
0.72	Intermediate Similarity	NPC70982
0.72	Intermediate Similarity	NPC104387
0.72	Intermediate Similarity	NPC174964
0.72	Intermediate Similarity	NPC231680
0.72	Intermediate Similarity	NPC270306
0.72	Intermediate Similarity	NPC231256
0.72	Intermediate Similarity	NPC178383
0.72	Intermediate Similarity	NPC273366
0.72	Intermediate Similarity	NPC212733
0.72	Intermediate Similarity	NPC103822
0.72	Intermediate Similarity	NPC212879
0.7195	Intermediate Similarity	NPC478104
0.7164	Intermediate Similarity	NPC95958
0.7162	Intermediate Similarity	NPC195489
0.716	Intermediate Similarity	NPC478127
0.7143	Intermediate Similarity	NPC67657
0.7143	Intermediate Similarity	NPC34046
0.7143	Intermediate Similarity	NPC18857
0.7143	Intermediate Similarity	NPC185465
0.7143	Intermediate Similarity	NPC147993
0.7143	Intermediate Similarity	NPC324700
0.7143	Intermediate Similarity	NPC260116
0.7143	Intermediate Similarity	NPC80463
0.7143	Intermediate Similarity	NPC224802
0.7143	Intermediate Similarity	NPC80089
0.7143	Intermediate Similarity	NPC171426
0.7143	Intermediate Similarity	NPC301707
0.7123	Intermediate Similarity	NPC45296
0.7121	Intermediate Similarity	NPC135438
0.7105	Intermediate Similarity	NPC470145
0.7105	Intermediate Similarity	NPC93662
0.7105	Intermediate Similarity	NPC475742
0.7105	Intermediate Similarity	NPC278091
0.7105	Intermediate Similarity	NPC91573
0.7105	Intermediate Similarity	NPC86305
0.7105	Intermediate Similarity	NPC472486
0.7105	Intermediate Similarity	NPC5767
0.7105	Intermediate Similarity	NPC78067
0.7105	Intermediate Similarity	NPC14112
0.7105	Intermediate Similarity	NPC472487
0.7101	Intermediate Similarity	NPC290791
0.7101	Intermediate Similarity	NPC236099
0.7101	Intermediate Similarity	NPC209686
0.7101	Intermediate Similarity	NPC249078
0.7101	Intermediate Similarity	NPC292419
0.7083	Intermediate Similarity	NPC474756
0.7073	Intermediate Similarity	NPC323958
0.7067	Intermediate Similarity	NPC472503
0.7067	Intermediate Similarity	NPC145552
0.7067	Intermediate Similarity	NPC192638
0.7067	Intermediate Similarity	NPC196358
0.7067	Intermediate Similarity	NPC62657
0.7067	Intermediate Similarity	NPC5046
0.7067	Intermediate Similarity	NPC254509
0.7067	Intermediate Similarity	NPC308440
0.7067	Intermediate Similarity	NPC49168
0.7067	Intermediate Similarity	NPC25511
0.7051	Intermediate Similarity	NPC287452
0.7051	Intermediate Similarity	NPC81074
0.7051	Intermediate Similarity	NPC477287
0.7051	Intermediate Similarity	NPC477282
0.7051	Intermediate Similarity	NPC201276
0.7051	Intermediate Similarity	NPC476176
0.7051	Intermediate Similarity	NPC320144
0.7051	Intermediate Similarity	NPC80891
0.7051	Intermediate Similarity	NPC52951
0.7051	Intermediate Similarity	NPC220379
0.7027	Intermediate Similarity	NPC89310

Chemically structural similarity: II. Similar Clinical/Approved Drugs

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC477603 and all drugs/candidates.
● The right table: Most similar clinical/approved drugs (Tc>=0.56 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	371
0.1-0.2	5054
0.2-0.3	2821
0.3-0.4	471
0.4-0.5	214
0.5-0.6	174
0.6-0.7	29
0.7-0.8	16
0.8-0.85	0
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Drug ID	Developmental Stage
0.7971	Intermediate Similarity	NPD4267	Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.7606	Intermediate Similarity	NPD4787	Phase 1
0.75	Intermediate Similarity	NPD4808	Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.75	Intermediate Similarity	NPD4809	Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.7368	Intermediate Similarity	NPD5364	Discontinued
0.7333	Intermediate Similarity	NPD6117	Approved
0.7297	Intermediate Similarity	NPD6113	Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.7237	Intermediate Similarity	NPD6116	Phase 1
0.7222	Intermediate Similarity	NPD3700	Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.7222	Intermediate Similarity	NPD3699	Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.7143	Intermediate Similarity	NPD6114	Approved
0.7143	Intermediate Similarity	NPD6118	Approved
0.7143	Intermediate Similarity	NPD6697	Approved
0.7143	Intermediate Similarity	NPD6115	Approved
0.7083	Intermediate Similarity	NPD5361	Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.7083	Intermediate Similarity	NPD5360	Phase 3
0.6962	Remote Similarity	NPD7525	Registered
0.6892	Remote Similarity	NPD4245	Approved
0.6892	Remote Similarity	NPD4244	Approved
0.6892	Remote Similarity	NPD4789	Approved
0.68	Remote Similarity	NPD5777	Approved
0.6757	Remote Similarity	NPD3698	Phase 2
0.6753	Remote Similarity	NPD3703	Phase 2
0.675	Remote Similarity	NPD6928	Phase 2
0.6744	Remote Similarity	NPD6701	Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.6744	Remote Similarity	NPD6700	Approved
0.6667	Remote Similarity	NPD6703	Approved
0.6667	Remote Similarity	NPD6702	Approved
0.6667	Remote Similarity	NPD3171	Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.6579	Remote Similarity	NPD6081	Approved
0.6579	Remote Similarity	NPD4758	Discontinued
0.6538	Remote Similarity	NPD7339	Approved
0.6538	Remote Similarity	NPD6942	Approved
0.65	Remote Similarity	NPD3671	Phase 1
0.6429	Remote Similarity	NPD3668	Phase 3
0.64	Remote Similarity	NPD6705	Phase 1
0.6353	Remote Similarity	NPD7520	Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.6351	Remote Similarity	NPD4224	Phase 2
0.6304	Remote Similarity	NPD7920	Phase 3
0.6304	Remote Similarity	NPD7919	Phase 3
0.6279	Remote Similarity	NPD8308	Discontinued
0.625	Remote Similarity	NPD3701	Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.6237	Remote Similarity	NPD8088	Phase 1
0.6222	Remote Similarity	NPD8171	Discontinued
0.6167	Remote Similarity	NPD1460	Approved
0.6145	Remote Similarity	NPD4748	Discontinued
0.6125	Remote Similarity	NPD3702	Approved
0.6111	Remote Similarity	NPD8034	Phase 2
0.6111	Remote Similarity	NPD8035	Phase 2
0.6047	Remote Similarity	NPD4786	Approved
0.6024	Remote Similarity	NPD7645	Phase 2
0.6	Remote Similarity	NPD586	Phase 1
0.6	Remote Similarity	NPD6926	Approved
0.6	Remote Similarity	NPD6924	Approved
0.5968	Remote Similarity	NPD1462	Approved
0.5949	Remote Similarity	NPD4243	Approved
0.593	Remote Similarity	NPD4788	Approved
0.5914	Remote Similarity	NPD7991	Discontinued
0.5889	Remote Similarity	NPD5328	Approved
0.5854	Remote Similarity	NPD6933	Approved
0.5846	Remote Similarity	NPD384	Approved
0.5846	Remote Similarity	NPD385	Approved
0.5814	Remote Similarity	NPD3667	Approved
0.5802	Remote Similarity	NPD4784	Approved
0.5802	Remote Similarity	NPD4785	Approved
0.5761	Remote Similarity	NPD6079	Approved
0.575	Remote Similarity	NPD7152	Approved
0.575	Remote Similarity	NPD7151	Approved
0.575	Remote Similarity	NPD7150	Approved
0.573	Remote Similarity	NPD3618	Phase 1
0.5714	Remote Similarity	NPD6051	Approved
0.5699	Remote Similarity	NPD6399	Phase 3
0.5696	Remote Similarity	NPD6923	Approved
0.5696	Remote Similarity	NPD6922	Approved
0.567	Remote Similarity	NPD8418	Phase 2
0.5667	Remote Similarity	NPD4751	Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.5647	Remote Similarity	NPD6929	Approved
0.5625	Remote Similarity	NPD7143	Approved
0.5625	Remote Similarity	NPD7144	Approved
0.5604	Remote Similarity	NPD5737	Approved
0.5604	Remote Similarity	NPD6672	Approved
0.5604	Remote Similarity	NPD7513	Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.56	Remote Similarity	NPD8170	Clinical (unspecified phase)

Bioactivity similarity: Similar Natural Products in NPASS

Bioactivity similarity was calculated based on bioactivity descriptors of compounds. The bioactivity descriptors were calculated by a recently developed AI algorithm Chemical Checker (CC) [Nature Biotechnology, 38:1087–1096, 2020; Nature Communications, 12:3932, 2021], which evaluated bioactivity similarities at five levels:
☉ A: chemistry similarity;
☉ B: biological targets similarity;
☉ C: networks similarity;
☉ D: cell-based bioactivity similarity;
☉ E: similarity based on clinical data.

Those 5 categories of CC bioactivity descriptors were calculated and then subjected to manifold projection using UMAP algorithm, to project all NPs on a 2-Dimensional space. The current NP was highlighted with a small circle in the 2-D map. Below figures: left-to-right, A-to-E.

A: chemistry similarity

B: biological targets similarity

C: networks similarity

D: cell-based bioactivity similarity

E: similarity based on clinical data