Structure

Physi-Chem Properties

Molecular Weight:  244.11
Volume:  255.515
LogP:  1.179
LogD:  1.784
LogS:  -3.05
# Rotatable Bonds:  0
TPSA:  43.37
# H-Bond Aceptor:  3
# H-Bond Donor:  0
# Rings:  3
# Heavy Atoms:  3

MedChem Properties

QED Drug-Likeness Score:  0.373
Synthetic Accessibility Score:  4.519
Fsp3:  0.467
Lipinski Rule-of-5:  Accepted
Pfizer Rule:  Accepted
GSK Rule:  Accepted
BMS Rule:  2
Golden Triangle Rule:  Accepted
Chelating Alert:  0
PAINS Alert:  0

ADMET Properties (ADMETlab2.0)

ADMET: Absorption

Caco-2 Permeability:  -4.636
MDCK Permeability:  6.88868312863633e-05
Pgp-inhibitor:  0.549
Pgp-substrate:  0.0
Human Intestinal Absorption (HIA):  0.008
20% Bioavailability (F20%):  0.661
30% Bioavailability (F30%):  0.008

ADMET: Distribution

Blood-Brain-Barrier Penetration (BBB):  0.122
Plasma Protein Binding (PPB):  77.81879425048828%
Volume Distribution (VD):  1.178
Pgp-substrate:  30.873802185058594%

ADMET: Metabolism

CYP1A2-inhibitor:  0.71
CYP1A2-substrate:  0.11
CYP2C19-inhibitor:  0.15
CYP2C19-substrate:  0.255
CYP2C9-inhibitor:  0.266
CYP2C9-substrate:  0.05
CYP2D6-inhibitor:  0.01
CYP2D6-substrate:  0.145
CYP3A4-inhibitor:  0.108
CYP3A4-substrate:  0.163

ADMET: Excretion

Clearance (CL):  11.741
Half-life (T1/2):  0.449

ADMET: Toxicity

hERG Blockers:  0.032
Human Hepatotoxicity (H-HT):  0.322
Drug-inuced Liver Injury (DILI):  0.437
AMES Toxicity:  0.265
Rat Oral Acute Toxicity:  0.923
Maximum Recommended Daily Dose:  0.881
Skin Sensitization:  0.469
Carcinogencity:  0.806
Eye Corrosion:  0.815
Eye Irritation:  0.714
Respiratory Toxicity:  0.985

Download Data

Data Type Select
General Info & Identifiers & Properties  
Structure MOL file  
Source Organisms  
Biological Activities  
Similar NPs/Drugs  

  Natural Product: NPC20822

Natural Product ID:  NPC20822
Common Name*:   Certonardoside H4
IUPAC Name:   (3S,4R,5S,6S,8R,9S,10R,13R,14S,15R,17R)-17-[(2R,5S)-5-[(2R,3R,4R,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,4,6,15-tetrol
Synonyms:   Certonardoside H4
Standard InCHIKey:  QCMLKBFJNBTXOO-BOLZVVRMSA-N
Standard InCHI:  InChI=1S/C32H56O9/c1-15(2)23(40-30-29(39)28(38)24(14-33)41-30)7-6-16(3)19-13-22(36)25-17-12-21(35)26-27(37)20(34)9-11-31(26,4)18(17)8-10-32(19,25)5/h15-30,33-39H,6-14H2,1-5H3/t16-,17-,18+,19-,20+,21+,22-,23+,24-,25-,26+,27+,28+,29-,30-,31-,32-/m1/s1
SMILES:  CC(C)[C@H](CC[C@@H](C)[C@H]1C[C@H]([C@H]2[C@@H]3C[C@@H]([C@H]4[C@H]([C@H](CC[C@]4(C)[C@H]3CC[C@]12C)O)O)O)O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](CO)O1)O)O
Synthetic Gene Cluster:   n.a.
ChEMBL Identifier:   CHEMBL446038
PubChem CID:   23251484
Chemical Classification**:  
  • CHEMONTID:0000000 [Organic compounds]
    • [CHEMONTID:0000012] Lipids and lipid-like molecules
      • [CHEMONTID:0000258] Steroids and steroid derivatives
        • [CHEMONTID:0001013] Steroidal glycosides

*Note: the InCHIKey will be temporarily assigned as the "Common Name" if no IUPAC name or alternative short name is available.
**Note: the Chemical Classification was calculated by NPClassifier Version 1.5. Reference: PMID:34662515.

  Species Source

Organism ID Organism Name Taxonomy Level Family SuperKingdom Isolation Part Collection Location Collection Time Reference
NPO7293 Certonardoa semiregularis Species Ophidiasteridae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[12444692]
NPO7293 Certonardoa semiregularis Species Ophidiasteridae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[12662097]
NPO7293 Certonardoa semiregularis Species Ophidiasteridae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[15104487]
NPO7293 Certonardoa semiregularis Species Ophidiasteridae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[15497935]

☑ Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP source organism data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated them from below databases:
UNPD: Universal Natural Products Database [PMID: 23638153].
StreptomeDB: a database of streptomycetes natural products [PMID: 33051671].
TM-MC: a database of medicinal materials and chemical compounds in Northeast Asian traditional medicine [PMID: 26156871].
TCM@Taiwan: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 21253603].
TCMID: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 29106634].
TCMSP: The traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform [PMID: 24735618].
HerDing: a herb recommendation system to treat diseases using genes and chemicals [PMID: 26980517].
MetaboLights: a metabolomics database [PMID: 27010336].
FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

  NP Quantity Composition/Concentration

Organism ID NP ID Organism Material Preparation Organism Part NP Quantity (Standard) NP Quantity (Minimum) NP Quantity (Maximum) Quantity Unit Reference

☑ Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP quantitative records for specific NP domains (e.g., NPS from foods or herbs) from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
DUKE: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases.
PHENOL EXPLORER: is the first comprehensive database on polyphenol content in foods [PMID: 24103452], its homepage can be accessed at here.
FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

  Biological Activity

Target ID Target Type Target Name Target Organism Activity Type Activity Relation Value Unit Reference
NPT81 Cell Line A549 Homo sapiens ED50 > 30.0 ug ml-1 PMID[458406]
NPT146 Cell Line SK-OV-3 Homo sapiens ED50 > 30.0 ug ml-1 PMID[458406]
NPT147 Cell Line SK-MEL-2 Homo sapiens ED50 = 8.3 ug ml-1 PMID[458406]
NPT574 Cell Line XF498 Homo sapiens ED50 > 30.0 ug ml-1 PMID[458406]
NPT148 Cell Line HCT-15 Homo sapiens ED50 > 30.0 ug ml-1 PMID[458406]

☑ Note for Activity Records:
☉ The quantitative biological activities were primarily integrated from ChEMBL (Version-30) database and were also directly collected from PubMed literature. PubMed PMID was provided as the reference link for each activity record.

  Chemically structural similarity: I. Similar Active Natural Products in NPASS

Top-200 similar NPs were calculated against the active-NP-set (includes 4,3285 NPs with experimentally-derived bioactivity available in NPASS)

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules. Tc lies between [0, 1] where '1' indicates the highest similarity. What is Tanimoto coefficient

●  The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC20822 and all remaining natural products in the NPASS database.
●  The right table: Most similar natural products (Tc>=0.56 or Top200).

Similarity Score Similarity Level Natural Product ID
0.9765 High Similarity NPC5632
0.9765 High Similarity NPC149966
0.9647 High Similarity NPC473542
0.954 High Similarity NPC3538
0.954 High Similarity NPC113500
0.954 High Similarity NPC477224
0.9529 High Similarity NPC473472
0.9425 High Similarity NPC311246
0.9425 High Similarity NPC149400
0.9425 High Similarity NPC144790
0.9425 High Similarity NPC167644
0.9425 High Similarity NPC88962
0.9419 High Similarity NPC223143
0.9412 High Similarity NPC281004
0.9326 High Similarity NPC121453
0.9318 High Similarity NPC253268
0.9318 High Similarity NPC174024
0.9318 High Similarity NPC179859
0.9318 High Similarity NPC222731
0.9318 High Similarity NPC294686
0.9318 High Similarity NPC312678
0.9318 High Similarity NPC475436
0.9318 High Similarity NPC175
0.9318 High Similarity NPC473774
0.9318 High Similarity NPC131693
0.9318 High Similarity NPC45959
0.9318 High Similarity NPC291547
0.9318 High Similarity NPC473851
0.9318 High Similarity NPC24960
0.9318 High Similarity NPC252253
0.931 High Similarity NPC293609
0.9302 High Similarity NPC82955
0.9302 High Similarity NPC102725
0.9222 High Similarity NPC477222
0.9222 High Similarity NPC477223
0.9213 High Similarity NPC473067
0.9213 High Similarity NPC473065
0.9213 High Similarity NPC473064
0.9205 High Similarity NPC177834
0.9205 High Similarity NPC250393
0.9205 High Similarity NPC141769
0.9205 High Similarity NPC477451
0.9205 High Similarity NPC297348
0.9205 High Similarity NPC325828
0.9205 High Similarity NPC476669
0.9205 High Similarity NPC48339
0.9205 High Similarity NPC249204
0.9205 High Similarity NPC277774
0.9205 High Similarity NPC234352
0.9205 High Similarity NPC477547
0.9195 High Similarity NPC65550
0.9195 High Similarity NPC279329
0.9186 High Similarity NPC128475
0.9157 High Similarity NPC470611
0.9121 High Similarity NPC473518
0.9121 High Similarity NPC473638
0.9111 High Similarity NPC139271
0.9111 High Similarity NPC304011
0.9111 High Similarity NPC473601
0.9111 High Similarity NPC476510
0.9111 High Similarity NPC142264
0.9111 High Similarity NPC195297
0.9101 High Similarity NPC217205
0.9101 High Similarity NPC264101
0.9101 High Similarity NPC471464
0.9101 High Similarity NPC291203
0.9101 High Similarity NPC475325
0.9091 High Similarity NPC473830
0.9091 High Similarity NPC476668
0.9091 High Similarity NPC204881
0.9091 High Similarity NPC473637
0.9091 High Similarity NPC210759
0.9091 High Similarity NPC229801
0.9091 High Similarity NPC307167
0.9091 High Similarity NPC36372
0.907 High Similarity NPC161928
0.907 High Similarity NPC140446
0.907 High Similarity NPC210658
0.907 High Similarity NPC43912
0.9059 High Similarity NPC273290
0.9059 High Similarity NPC232044
0.9011 High Similarity NPC476112
0.9011 High Similarity NPC51520
0.9011 High Similarity NPC303069
0.9011 High Similarity NPC475207
0.9011 High Similarity NPC233649
0.9011 High Similarity NPC83137
0.9011 High Similarity NPC470862
0.9011 High Similarity NPC232611
0.9011 High Similarity NPC307534
0.9011 High Similarity NPC470861
0.9011 High Similarity NPC115165
0.9011 High Similarity NPC470028
0.9 High Similarity NPC473610
0.9 High Similarity NPC474399
0.9 High Similarity NPC19400
0.9 High Similarity NPC206003
0.9 High Similarity NPC211354
0.9 High Similarity NPC475351
0.9 High Similarity NPC107962
0.9 High Similarity NPC473727
0.9 High Similarity NPC107188
0.9 High Similarity NPC92196
0.9 High Similarity NPC6295
0.8989 High Similarity NPC137004
0.8989 High Similarity NPC473726
0.8989 High Similarity NPC172838
0.8941 High Similarity NPC227260
0.8925 High Similarity NPC477225
0.8913 High Similarity NPC473616
0.8913 High Similarity NPC292775
0.8913 High Similarity NPC291548
0.8901 High Similarity NPC132080
0.8901 High Similarity NPC284104
0.8901 High Similarity NPC184617
0.8901 High Similarity NPC287483
0.8901 High Similarity NPC30856
0.8901 High Similarity NPC475643
0.8901 High Similarity NPC128572
0.8901 High Similarity NPC84111
0.8901 High Similarity NPC103616
0.8901 High Similarity NPC116756
0.8901 High Similarity NPC232037
0.8901 High Similarity NPC470865
0.8901 High Similarity NPC475625
0.8901 High Similarity NPC470866
0.8901 High Similarity NPC160426
0.8901 High Similarity NPC98018
0.8901 High Similarity NPC470864
0.8901 High Similarity NPC470863
0.8901 High Similarity NPC97700
0.8901 High Similarity NPC473287
0.8889 High Similarity NPC309866
0.8889 High Similarity NPC305418
0.8889 High Similarity NPC473503
0.8889 High Similarity NPC30687
0.8876 High Similarity NPC59006
0.8864 High Similarity NPC131466
0.8851 High Similarity NPC472396
0.8837 High Similarity NPC290612
0.8804 High Similarity NPC274200
0.8791 High Similarity NPC469710
0.8778 High Similarity NPC211845
0.8778 High Similarity NPC122083
0.8778 High Similarity NPC182740
0.8778 High Similarity NPC256104
0.8736 High Similarity NPC471240
0.8723 High Similarity NPC475574
0.8723 High Similarity NPC476512
0.8723 High Similarity NPC108227
0.8723 High Similarity NPC472081
0.8706 High Similarity NPC296734
0.8696 High Similarity NPC238796
0.8696 High Similarity NPC237071
0.8696 High Similarity NPC203434
0.8696 High Similarity NPC296936
0.8652 High Similarity NPC228059
0.8632 High Similarity NPC114700
0.8632 High Similarity NPC134967
0.8632 High Similarity NPC310138
0.8632 High Similarity NPC470029
0.8617 High Similarity NPC470030
0.8605 High Similarity NPC470070
0.8602 High Similarity NPC470591
0.8587 High Similarity NPC57964
0.8587 High Similarity NPC477494
0.8587 High Similarity NPC94582
0.8587 High Similarity NPC21897
0.8542 High Similarity NPC97260
0.8542 High Similarity NPC139181
0.8542 High Similarity NPC476837
0.8526 High Similarity NPC31346
0.8506 High Similarity NPC474156
0.8495 Intermediate Similarity NPC156377
0.8488 Intermediate Similarity NPC475388
0.8478 Intermediate Similarity NPC191915
0.8478 Intermediate Similarity NPC151214
0.8471 Intermediate Similarity NPC7479
0.8471 Intermediate Similarity NPC248944
0.8471 Intermediate Similarity NPC257296
0.8462 Intermediate Similarity NPC473066
0.8454 Intermediate Similarity NPC475365
0.8421 Intermediate Similarity NPC41843
0.8404 Intermediate Similarity NPC210157
0.8391 Intermediate Similarity NPC241959
0.8353 Intermediate Similarity NPC477282
0.8353 Intermediate Similarity NPC81074
0.8333 Intermediate Similarity NPC11907
0.8333 Intermediate Similarity NPC133596
0.8333 Intermediate Similarity NPC476838
0.8333 Intermediate Similarity NPC64081
0.8333 Intermediate Similarity NPC477172
0.8333 Intermediate Similarity NPC476839
0.8333 Intermediate Similarity NPC474574
0.8315 Intermediate Similarity NPC155531
0.8315 Intermediate Similarity NPC215968
0.8315 Intermediate Similarity NPC477283
0.8298 Intermediate Similarity NPC252056
0.8298 Intermediate Similarity NPC472989
0.8298 Intermediate Similarity NPC145553

  Chemically structural similarity: II. Similar Clinical/Approved Drugs

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules.

●  The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC20822 and all drugs/candidates.
●  The right table: Most similar clinical/approved drugs (Tc>=0.56 or Top200).

Similarity Score Similarity Level Drug ID Developmental Stage
0.9205 High Similarity NPD8171 Discontinued
0.8471 Intermediate Similarity NPD6928 Phase 2
0.8265 Intermediate Similarity NPD8170 Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.75 Intermediate Similarity NPD4267 Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.7449 Intermediate Similarity NPD7991 Discontinued
0.7297 Intermediate Similarity NPD7516 Approved
0.7232 Intermediate Similarity NPD8377 Approved
0.7232 Intermediate Similarity NPD8294 Approved
0.7207 Intermediate Similarity NPD7328 Approved
0.7207 Intermediate Similarity NPD7327 Approved
0.7168 Intermediate Similarity NPD8033 Approved
0.7168 Intermediate Similarity NPD8296 Approved
0.7168 Intermediate Similarity NPD8335 Approved
0.7168 Intermediate Similarity NPD8380 Approved
0.7168 Intermediate Similarity NPD8379 Approved
0.7168 Intermediate Similarity NPD8378 Approved
0.7011 Intermediate Similarity NPD7532 Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.7 Intermediate Similarity NPD8133 Approved
0.6966 Remote Similarity NPD1810 Approved
0.6966 Remote Similarity NPD1811 Approved
0.6848 Remote Similarity NPD6114 Approved
0.6848 Remote Similarity NPD6697 Approved
0.6848 Remote Similarity NPD6118 Approved
0.6848 Remote Similarity NPD6115 Approved
0.6818 Remote Similarity NPD4787 Phase 1
0.6789 Remote Similarity NPD8132 Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.678 Remote Similarity NPD7507 Approved
0.6759 Remote Similarity NPD6412 Phase 2
0.6739 Remote Similarity NPD6116 Phase 1
0.6667 Remote Similarity NPD6370 Approved
0.6667 Remote Similarity NPD7736 Approved
0.663 Remote Similarity NPD6117 Approved
0.6629 Remote Similarity NPD2254 Approved
0.6629 Remote Similarity NPD2686 Approved
0.6629 Remote Similarity NPD2687 Approved
0.6612 Remote Similarity NPD7319 Approved
0.6583 Remote Similarity NPD8293 Discontinued
0.6581 Remote Similarity NPD7503 Approved
0.6579 Remote Similarity NPD6940 Discontinued
0.6545 Remote Similarity NPD8174 Phase 2
0.6512 Remote Similarity NPD371 Approved
0.6496 Remote Similarity NPD6054 Approved
0.6496 Remote Similarity NPD6059 Approved
0.6495 Remote Similarity NPD3669 Approved
0.6495 Remote Similarity NPD3670 Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.6413 Remote Similarity NPD6113 Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.6379 Remote Similarity NPD8295 Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.6374 Remote Similarity NPD4809 Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.6374 Remote Similarity NPD4808 Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.6354 Remote Similarity NPD7525 Registered
0.6344 Remote Similarity NPD3703 Phase 2
0.6333 Remote Similarity NPD6067 Discontinued
0.632 Remote Similarity NPD8449 Approved
0.6303 Remote Similarity NPD6016 Approved
0.6303 Remote Similarity NPD6015 Approved
0.6296 Remote Similarity NPD1700 Approved
0.6281 Remote Similarity NPD7492 Approved
0.627 Remote Similarity NPD8450 Suspended
0.6264 Remote Similarity NPD4244 Approved
0.6264 Remote Similarity NPD4245 Approved
0.625 Remote Similarity NPD5988 Approved
0.623 Remote Similarity NPD6616 Approved
0.6179 Remote Similarity NPD7078 Approved
0.6154 Remote Similarity NPD8034 Phase 2
0.6154 Remote Similarity NPD3698 Phase 2
0.6154 Remote Similarity NPD3700 Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.6154 Remote Similarity NPD3699 Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.6154 Remote Similarity NPD8035 Phase 2
0.6126 Remote Similarity NPD4056 Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.6126 Remote Similarity NPD4057 Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.6111 Remote Similarity NPD7638 Approved
0.6106 Remote Similarity NPD6686 Approved
0.6078 Remote Similarity NPD7524 Approved
0.6071 Remote Similarity NPD2267 Suspended
0.6066 Remote Similarity NPD8328 Phase 3
0.6055 Remote Similarity NPD7639 Approved
0.6055 Remote Similarity NPD7640 Approved
0.6034 Remote Similarity NPD8297 Approved
0.6034 Remote Similarity NPD6882 Approved
0.6022 Remote Similarity NPD5777 Approved
0.6 Remote Similarity NPD3702 Approved
0.6 Remote Similarity NPD6033 Approved
0.598 Remote Similarity NPD8308 Discontinued
0.5966 Remote Similarity NPD6009 Approved
0.595 Remote Similarity NPD6319 Approved
0.5946 Remote Similarity NPD7632 Discontinued
0.5914 Remote Similarity NPD4789 Approved
0.5905 Remote Similarity NPD6700 Approved
0.5905 Remote Similarity NPD6701 Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.5882 Remote Similarity NPD7520 Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.587 Remote Similarity NPD5360 Phase 3
0.587 Remote Similarity NPD5361 Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.5856 Remote Similarity NPD4159 Approved
0.5849 Remote Similarity NPD6702 Approved
0.5849 Remote Similarity NPD6703 Approved
0.5847 Remote Similarity NPD4632 Approved
0.5839 Remote Similarity NPD7625 Phase 1
0.5826 Remote Similarity NPD5345 Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.5826 Remote Similarity NPD7320 Approved
0.58 Remote Similarity NPD1779 Approved
0.58 Remote Similarity NPD1780 Approved
0.5789 Remote Similarity NPD6402 Approved
0.5789 Remote Similarity NPD6675 Approved
0.5789 Remote Similarity NPD5739 Approved
0.5789 Remote Similarity NPD7128 Approved
0.5784 Remote Similarity NPD7338 Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.5776 Remote Similarity NPD6373 Approved
0.5776 Remote Similarity NPD4061 Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.5776 Remote Similarity NPD6372 Approved
0.5773 Remote Similarity NPD3701 Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.5766 Remote Similarity NPD8418 Phase 2
0.5758 Remote Similarity NPD7645 Phase 2
0.5714 Remote Similarity NPD889 Approved
0.5714 Remote Similarity NPD887 Approved
0.5714 Remote Similarity NPD3171 Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.5714 Remote Similarity NPD894 Approved
0.5714 Remote Similarity NPD895 Approved
0.57 Remote Similarity NPD4748 Discontinued
0.569 Remote Similarity NPD6881 Approved
0.569 Remote Similarity NPD6899 Approved
0.5686 Remote Similarity NPD6695 Phase 3
0.5684 Remote Similarity NPD6081 Approved
0.5678 Remote Similarity NPD6650 Approved
0.5678 Remote Similarity NPD6649 Approved
0.5678 Remote Similarity NPD8130 Phase 1
0.567 Remote Similarity NPD6942 Approved
0.567 Remote Similarity NPD7339 Approved
0.5657 Remote Similarity NPD3671 Phase 1
0.5652 Remote Similarity NPD6008 Approved
0.5619 Remote Similarity NPD4751 Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.5619 Remote Similarity NPD7750 Discontinued
0.5618 Remote Similarity NPD6123 Approved
0.5603 Remote Similarity NPD5697 Approved
0.5603 Remote Similarity NPD5701 Approved

  Bioactivity similarity: Similar Natural Products in NPASS

Bioactivity similarity was calculated based on bioactivity descriptors of compounds. The bioactivity descriptors were calculated by a recently developed AI algorithm Chemical Checker (CC) [Nature Biotechnology, 38:1087–1096, 2020; Nature Communications, 12:3932, 2021], which evaluated bioactivity similarities at five levels:
A: chemistry similarity;
B: biological targets similarity;
C: networks similarity;
D: cell-based bioactivity similarity;
E: similarity based on clinical data.

Those 5 categories of CC bioactivity descriptors were calculated and then subjected to manifold projection using UMAP algorithm, to project all NPs on a 2-Dimensional space. The current NP was highlighted with a small circle in the 2-D map. Below figures: left-to-right, A-to-E.

A: chemistry similarity
B: biological targets similarity
C: networks similarity
D: cell-based bioactivity similarity
E: similarity based on clinical data