NPASS Compound

Structure

Physi-Chem Properties

Molecular Weight:	236.18
Volume:	263.191
LogP:	2.081
LogD:	2.434
LogS:	-2.153
# Rotatable Bonds:	5
TPSA:	40.46
# H-Bond Aceptor:	2
# H-Bond Donor:	2
# Rings:	2
# Heavy Atoms:	2

MedChem Properties

QED Drug-Likeness Score:	0.72
Synthetic Accessibility Score:	5.096
Fsp3:	0.733
Lipinski Rule-of-5:	Accepted
Pfizer Rule:	Accepted
GSK Rule:	Accepted
BMS Rule:	0
Golden Triangle Rule:	Accepted
Chelating Alert:	0
PAINS Alert:	0

ADMET Properties (ADMETlab2.0)

ADMET: Absorption

Caco-2 Permeability:	-4.519
MDCK Permeability:	5.8674809224612545e-06
Pgp-inhibitor:	0.002
Pgp-substrate:	0.011
Human Intestinal Absorption (HIA):	0.003
20% Bioavailability (F20%):	0.956
30% Bioavailability (F30%):	0.985

ADMET: Distribution

Blood-Brain-Barrier Penetration (BBB):	0.243
Plasma Protein Binding (PPB):	35.489707946777344%
Volume Distribution (VD):	0.919
Pgp-substrate:	65.64627075195312%

ADMET: Metabolism

CYP1A2-inhibitor:	0.05
CYP1A2-substrate:	0.162
CYP2C19-inhibitor:	0.018
CYP2C19-substrate:	0.634
CYP2C9-inhibitor:	0.009
CYP2C9-substrate:	0.07
CYP2D6-inhibitor:	0.005
CYP2D6-substrate:	0.117
CYP3A4-inhibitor:	0.171
CYP3A4-substrate:	0.237

ADMET: Excretion

Clearance (CL):	7.832
Half-life (T1/2):	0.814

ADMET: Toxicity

hERG Blockers:	0.067
Human Hepatotoxicity (H-HT):	0.536
Drug-inuced Liver Injury (DILI):	0.149
AMES Toxicity:	0.013
Rat Oral Acute Toxicity:	0.062
Maximum Recommended Daily Dose:	0.889
Skin Sensitization:	0.885
Carcinogencity:	0.856
Eye Corrosion:	0.373
Eye Irritation:	0.971
Respiratory Toxicity:	0.965

Download Data

Data Type	Select
General Info & Identifiers & Properties
Structure MOL file
Source Organisms
Biological Activities
Similar NPs/Drugs

Natural Product: NPC124112

Natural Product ID:	NPC124112
*Common Name:**	Beta-Santaldiol
IUPAC Name:	2-[3-[(1S,3S,4R)-3-methyl-2-methylidene-3-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanyl]propylidene]propane-1,3-diol
Synonyms:	Beta-Santaldiol
Standard InCHIKey:	GDUPVLWBFYDTHE-RRFJBIMHSA-N
Standard InCHI:	InChI=1S/C15H24O2/c1-11-13-5-6-14(8-13)15(11,2)7-3-4-12(9-16)10-17/h4,13-14,16-17H,1,3,5-10H2,2H3/t13-,14+,15+/m0/s1
SMILES:	OCC(=CCC[C@@]1(C)[C@@H]2CC[C@H](C1=C)C2)CO
Synthetic Gene Cluster:	n.a.
ChEMBL Identifier:	CHEMBL455859
PubChem CID:	15276127
Chemical Classification:**	CHEMONTID:0000000 [Organic compounds] [CHEMONTID:0000012] Lipids and lipid-like molecules [CHEMONTID:0000259] Prenol lipids [CHEMONTID:0001550] Sesquiterpenoids

*Note: the InCHIKey will be temporarily assigned as the "Common Name" if no IUPAC name or alternative short name is available.
**Note: the Chemical Classification was calculated by NPClassifier Version 1.5. Reference: PMID:34662515.

Species Source

Organism ID	Organism Name	Taxonomy Level	Family	SuperKingdom	Isolation Part	Collection Location	Collection Time	Reference
NPO17691	Santalum album	Species	Santalaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[15974602]
NPO17691	Santalum album	Species	Santalaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO17691	Santalum album	Species	Santalaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO17691	Santalum album	Species	Santalaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO17691	Santalum album	Species	Santalaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TM-MC]
NPO17691	Santalum album	Species	Santalaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]

☑ Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP source organism data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated them from below databases:
☉ UNPD: Universal Natural Products Database [PMID: 23638153].
☉ StreptomeDB: a database of streptomycetes natural products [PMID: 33051671].
☉ TM-MC: a database of medicinal materials and chemical compounds in Northeast Asian traditional medicine [PMID: 26156871].
☉ TCM@Taiwan: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 21253603].
☉ TCMID: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 29106634].
☉ TCMSP: The traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform [PMID: 24735618].
☉ HerDing: a herb recommendation system to treat diseases using genes and chemicals [PMID: 26980517].
☉ MetaboLights: a metabolomics database [PMID: 27010336].
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

NP Quantity Composition/Concentration

Organism ID	NP ID	Organism Material Preparation	Organism Part	NP Quantity (Standard)	NP Quantity (Minimum)	NP Quantity (Maximum)	Quantity Unit	Reference

☑ Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP quantitative records for specific NP domains (e.g., NPS from foods or herbs) from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ DUKE: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases.
☉ PHENOL EXPLORER: is the first comprehensive database on polyphenol content in foods [PMID: 24103452], its homepage can be accessed at here.
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

Biological Activity

Activity Type	# Activity
Others	2

Activity Type	# Activity
Organism	2

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference
NPT451	Organism	Helicobacter pylori	Helicobacter pylori	IZ	=	21.1	mm	PMID[565964]
NPT452	Organism	Helicobacter pylori SS1	Helicobacter pylori SS1	IZ	=	10.4	mm	PMID[565964]

☑ Note for Activity Records:
☉ The quantitative biological activities were primarily integrated from ChEMBL (Version-30) database and were also directly collected from PubMed literature. PubMed PMID was provided as the reference link for each activity record.

Chemically structural similarity: I. Similar Active Natural Products in NPASS

Top-200 similar NPs were calculated against the active-NP-set (includes 4,3285 NPs with experimentally-derived bioactivity available in NPASS)

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules. Tc lies between [0, 1] where '1' indicates the highest similarity. What is Tanimoto coefficient

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC124112 and all remaining natural products in the NPASS database.
● The right table: Most similar natural products (Tc>=0.56 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	138
0.1-0.2	2462
0.2-0.3	16317
0.3-0.4	11840
0.4-0.5	7970
0.5-0.6	3432
0.6-0.7	502
0.7-0.8	27
0.8-0.85	5
0.85-0.9	1
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	3

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Natural Product ID
0.9655	High Similarity	NPC234264
0.9655	High Similarity	NPC47840
0.9508	High Similarity	NPC135650
0.918	High Similarity	NPC475704
0.8833	High Similarity	NPC309825
0.8308	Intermediate Similarity	NPC162309
0.8261	Intermediate Similarity	NPC309178
0.8154	Intermediate Similarity	NPC187619
0.8143	Intermediate Similarity	NPC313185
0.806	Intermediate Similarity	NPC167527
0.791	Intermediate Similarity	NPC477791
0.791	Intermediate Similarity	NPC136813
0.7903	Intermediate Similarity	NPC11130
0.7857	Intermediate Similarity	NPC14352
0.7857	Intermediate Similarity	NPC234527
0.7612	Intermediate Similarity	NPC19569
0.7581	Intermediate Similarity	NPC298299
0.7538	Intermediate Similarity	NPC471081
0.7534	Intermediate Similarity	NPC310643
0.7465	Intermediate Similarity	NPC471662
0.7463	Intermediate Similarity	NPC309300
0.7424	Intermediate Similarity	NPC147524
0.7391	Intermediate Similarity	NPC69649
0.7391	Intermediate Similarity	NPC68703
0.7391	Intermediate Similarity	NPC308522
0.7391	Intermediate Similarity	NPC74885
0.7333	Intermediate Similarity	NPC26960
0.7333	Intermediate Similarity	NPC182102
0.7324	Intermediate Similarity	NPC189745
0.7324	Intermediate Similarity	NPC254845
0.7297	Intermediate Similarity	NPC244488
0.7297	Intermediate Similarity	NPC247325
0.7286	Intermediate Similarity	NPC160209
0.7286	Intermediate Similarity	NPC224532
0.726	Intermediate Similarity	NPC471659
0.7237	Intermediate Similarity	NPC30986
0.7237	Intermediate Similarity	NPC109546
0.7237	Intermediate Similarity	NPC81306
0.7237	Intermediate Similarity	NPC28862
0.7237	Intermediate Similarity	NPC143182
0.7237	Intermediate Similarity	NPC47982
0.7237	Intermediate Similarity	NPC84694
0.7237	Intermediate Similarity	NPC209430
0.7231	Intermediate Similarity	NPC181872
0.7213	Intermediate Similarity	NPC244038
0.7206	Intermediate Similarity	NPC110241
0.7206	Intermediate Similarity	NPC107540
0.7188	Intermediate Similarity	NPC249645
0.7188	Intermediate Similarity	NPC55412
0.7183	Intermediate Similarity	NPC473893
0.7179	Intermediate Similarity	NPC101462
0.7179	Intermediate Similarity	NPC311092
0.7164	Intermediate Similarity	NPC210346
0.7162	Intermediate Similarity	NPC263698
0.7143	Intermediate Similarity	NPC114651
0.7143	Intermediate Similarity	NPC234193
0.7143	Intermediate Similarity	NPC171225
0.7123	Intermediate Similarity	NPC474743
0.7123	Intermediate Similarity	NPC474140
0.7121	Intermediate Similarity	NPC475931
0.7105	Intermediate Similarity	NPC474216
0.7101	Intermediate Similarity	NPC477009
0.7101	Intermediate Similarity	NPC238352
0.7089	Intermediate Similarity	NPC470384
0.7083	Intermediate Similarity	NPC34834
0.7083	Intermediate Similarity	NPC133873
0.7067	Intermediate Similarity	NPC126969
0.7067	Intermediate Similarity	NPC471658
0.7059	Intermediate Similarity	NPC133368
0.7059	Intermediate Similarity	NPC474155
0.7059	Intermediate Similarity	NPC473759
0.7059	Intermediate Similarity	NPC474480
0.7059	Intermediate Similarity	NPC211291
0.7051	Intermediate Similarity	NPC264245
0.7051	Intermediate Similarity	NPC23852
0.7051	Intermediate Similarity	NPC209620
0.7051	Intermediate Similarity	NPC4166
0.7049	Intermediate Similarity	NPC200129
0.7042	Intermediate Similarity	NPC471238
0.7015	Intermediate Similarity	NPC135648
0.7	Intermediate Similarity	NPC185568
0.7	Intermediate Similarity	NPC205845
0.6986	Remote Similarity	NPC477792
0.697	Remote Similarity	NPC155025
0.6962	Remote Similarity	NPC202389
0.6962	Remote Similarity	NPC218616
0.6962	Remote Similarity	NPC472465
0.6962	Remote Similarity	NPC296701
0.6962	Remote Similarity	NPC49964
0.6962	Remote Similarity	NPC189972
0.6962	Remote Similarity	NPC50964
0.6962	Remote Similarity	NPC87489
0.6944	Remote Similarity	NPC471560
0.6944	Remote Similarity	NPC167272
0.6944	Remote Similarity	NPC217570
0.6944	Remote Similarity	NPC269877
0.6944	Remote Similarity	NPC474248
0.6944	Remote Similarity	NPC90115
0.6923	Remote Similarity	NPC209944
0.6923	Remote Similarity	NPC48891
0.6923	Remote Similarity	NPC164840
0.6923	Remote Similarity	NPC324772
0.6923	Remote Similarity	NPC241290
0.6914	Remote Similarity	NPC472940
0.6914	Remote Similarity	NPC266511
0.6914	Remote Similarity	NPC472931
0.6897	Remote Similarity	NPC227670
0.6897	Remote Similarity	NPC141777
0.6897	Remote Similarity	NPC166362
0.6883	Remote Similarity	NPC477514
0.6883	Remote Similarity	NPC473943
0.6875	Remote Similarity	NPC41539
0.6875	Remote Similarity	NPC317458
0.6875	Remote Similarity	NPC474634
0.6875	Remote Similarity	NPC475789
0.6866	Remote Similarity	NPC122239
0.6866	Remote Similarity	NPC5698
0.6849	Remote Similarity	NPC9161
0.6849	Remote Similarity	NPC49422
0.6842	Remote Similarity	NPC321381
0.6842	Remote Similarity	NPC321016
0.6842	Remote Similarity	NPC107059
0.6835	Remote Similarity	NPC7505
0.6835	Remote Similarity	NPC474683
0.6835	Remote Similarity	NPC474752
0.6835	Remote Similarity	NPC82986
0.6835	Remote Similarity	NPC474731
0.6835	Remote Similarity	NPC320525
0.6835	Remote Similarity	NPC47761
0.6835	Remote Similarity	NPC474759
0.6829	Remote Similarity	NPC152808
0.6829	Remote Similarity	NPC293287
0.6829	Remote Similarity	NPC6391
0.6825	Remote Similarity	NPC35756
0.6812	Remote Similarity	NPC473508
0.6806	Remote Similarity	NPC96484
0.6806	Remote Similarity	NPC117804
0.68	Remote Similarity	NPC469533
0.68	Remote Similarity	NPC329090
0.68	Remote Similarity	NPC306727
0.68	Remote Similarity	NPC469593
0.68	Remote Similarity	NPC469534
0.68	Remote Similarity	NPC476366
0.68	Remote Similarity	NPC27395
0.68	Remote Similarity	NPC201048
0.6795	Remote Similarity	NPC7232
0.679	Remote Similarity	NPC231310
0.679	Remote Similarity	NPC238485
0.679	Remote Similarity	NPC474047
0.6765	Remote Similarity	NPC323153
0.6765	Remote Similarity	NPC99487
0.6765	Remote Similarity	NPC176621
0.6765	Remote Similarity	NPC66020
0.6765	Remote Similarity	NPC252809
0.6765	Remote Similarity	NPC240506
0.6761	Remote Similarity	NPC81907
0.6761	Remote Similarity	NPC272125
0.6761	Remote Similarity	NPC202017
0.6761	Remote Similarity	NPC250977
0.6757	Remote Similarity	NPC471660
0.6757	Remote Similarity	NPC471268
0.6757	Remote Similarity	NPC471272
0.6757	Remote Similarity	NPC41886
0.6757	Remote Similarity	NPC469343
0.6757	Remote Similarity	NPC471271
0.6753	Remote Similarity	NPC318495
0.6753	Remote Similarity	NPC198968
0.6753	Remote Similarity	NPC214570
0.6753	Remote Similarity	NPC155986
0.675	Remote Similarity	NPC470049
0.6747	Remote Similarity	NPC149224
0.6721	Remote Similarity	NPC178644
0.6716	Remote Similarity	NPC10017
0.6714	Remote Similarity	NPC300593
0.6714	Remote Similarity	NPC219940
0.6714	Remote Similarity	NPC290367
0.6714	Remote Similarity	NPC96793
0.6714	Remote Similarity	NPC323424
0.6712	Remote Similarity	NPC469677
0.6711	Remote Similarity	NPC134847
0.6711	Remote Similarity	NPC304309
0.6711	Remote Similarity	NPC162742
0.6711	Remote Similarity	NPC319090
0.6711	Remote Similarity	NPC69383
0.6711	Remote Similarity	NPC133580
0.6711	Remote Similarity	NPC32832
0.6711	Remote Similarity	NPC23231
0.6711	Remote Similarity	NPC471468
0.6711	Remote Similarity	NPC60818
0.6711	Remote Similarity	NPC285893
0.6711	Remote Similarity	NPC141071
0.6711	Remote Similarity	NPC313179
0.6711	Remote Similarity	NPC257347
0.6711	Remote Similarity	NPC230301
0.6711	Remote Similarity	NPC28657
0.6711	Remote Similarity	NPC288035
0.6711	Remote Similarity	NPC471723
0.6711	Remote Similarity	NPC22105
0.6711	Remote Similarity	NPC136188
0.6711	Remote Similarity	NPC328104

Chemically structural similarity: II. Similar Clinical/Approved Drugs

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC124112 and all drugs/candidates.
● The right table: Most similar clinical/approved drugs (Tc>=0.56 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	132
0.1-0.2	2998
0.2-0.3	4470
0.3-0.4	1092
0.4-0.5	298
0.5-0.6	123
0.6-0.7	37
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	0
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Drug ID	Developmental Stage
0.72	Intermediate Similarity	NPD5776	Phase 2
0.72	Intermediate Similarity	NPD6925	Approved
0.7188	Intermediate Similarity	NPD4219	Approved
0.7143	Intermediate Similarity	NPD7514	Phase 3
0.7105	Intermediate Similarity	NPD7145	Approved
0.7051	Intermediate Similarity	NPD6902	Approved
0.7013	Intermediate Similarity	NPD6929	Approved
0.6944	Remote Similarity	NPD6923	Approved
0.6944	Remote Similarity	NPD6922	Approved
0.6923	Remote Similarity	NPD7332	Phase 2
0.6923	Remote Similarity	NPD6930	Phase 2
0.6923	Remote Similarity	NPD6931	Approved
0.6883	Remote Similarity	NPD7322	Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.6849	Remote Similarity	NPD7143	Approved
0.6849	Remote Similarity	NPD7144	Approved
0.68	Remote Similarity	NPD6926	Approved
0.68	Remote Similarity	NPD6924	Approved
0.6757	Remote Similarity	NPD7152	Approved
0.6757	Remote Similarity	NPD7150	Approved
0.6757	Remote Similarity	NPD7151	Approved
0.6753	Remote Similarity	NPD6932	Approved
0.6711	Remote Similarity	NPD8264	Approved
0.6711	Remote Similarity	NPD7339	Approved
0.6711	Remote Similarity	NPD6942	Approved
0.6667	Remote Similarity	NPD368	Approved
0.6667	Remote Similarity	NPD5784	Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.6667	Remote Similarity	NPD6695	Phase 3
0.6625	Remote Similarity	NPD6898	Phase 1
0.6623	Remote Similarity	NPD3701	Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.6623	Remote Similarity	NPD6933	Approved
0.6585	Remote Similarity	NPD7338	Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.6582	Remote Similarity	NPD6683	Phase 2
0.6548	Remote Similarity	NPD4751	Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.6515	Remote Similarity	NPD342	Phase 1
0.6506	Remote Similarity	NPD6893	Approved
0.65	Remote Similarity	NPD7525	Registered
0.6463	Remote Similarity	NPD5331	Approved
0.6463	Remote Similarity	NPD5332	Approved
0.642	Remote Similarity	NPD4790	Discontinued
0.6353	Remote Similarity	NPD7750	Discontinued
0.6353	Remote Similarity	NPD7524	Approved
0.6316	Remote Similarity	NPD4243	Approved
0.6265	Remote Similarity	NPD5362	Discontinued
0.625	Remote Similarity	NPD7637	Suspended
0.6197	Remote Similarity	NPD4194	Approved
0.6197	Remote Similarity	NPD4192	Approved
0.6197	Remote Similarity	NPD4193	Approved
0.6197	Remote Similarity	NPD4191	Approved
0.619	Remote Similarity	NPD4786	Approved
0.6154	Remote Similarity	NPD4784	Approved
0.6154	Remote Similarity	NPD4785	Approved
0.6145	Remote Similarity	NPD3667	Approved
0.6129	Remote Similarity	NPD4265	Approved
0.6118	Remote Similarity	NPD6082	Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.6098	Remote Similarity	NPD4820	Approved
0.6098	Remote Similarity	NPD4822	Approved
0.6098	Remote Similarity	NPD4819	Approved
0.6098	Remote Similarity	NPD7509	Discontinued
0.6098	Remote Similarity	NPD4821	Approved
0.6076	Remote Similarity	NPD4190	Phase 3
0.6076	Remote Similarity	NPD5275	Approved
0.6067	Remote Similarity	NPD7087	Discontinued
0.6049	Remote Similarity	NPD4268	Approved
0.6049	Remote Similarity	NPD4271	Approved
0.6047	Remote Similarity	NPD5279	Phase 3
0.6023	Remote Similarity	NPD4753	Phase 2
0.6	Remote Similarity	NPD3666	Approved
0.6	Remote Similarity	NPD3665	Phase 1
0.6	Remote Similarity	NPD3133	Approved
0.5976	Remote Similarity	NPD4195	Approved
0.5976	Remote Similarity	NPD7645	Phase 2
0.5974	Remote Similarity	NPD4747	Approved
0.5955	Remote Similarity	NPD7136	Phase 2
0.5904	Remote Similarity	NPD5790	Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.5904	Remote Similarity	NPD4748	Discontinued
0.5897	Remote Similarity	NPD5276	Approved
0.5862	Remote Similarity	NPD3618	Phase 1
0.5844	Remote Similarity	NPD4137	Phase 3
0.5843	Remote Similarity	NPD5328	Approved
0.5823	Remote Similarity	NPD4732	Discontinued
0.5814	Remote Similarity	NPD6400	Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.5811	Remote Similarity	NPD5325	Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.5802	Remote Similarity	NPD1346	Approved
0.5769	Remote Similarity	NPD4691	Approved
0.5765	Remote Similarity	NPD4269	Approved
0.5765	Remote Similarity	NPD4221	Approved
0.5765	Remote Similarity	NPD4223	Phase 3
0.5765	Remote Similarity	NPD4270	Approved
0.575	Remote Similarity	NPD5733	Approved
0.575	Remote Similarity	NPD4687	Approved
0.5747	Remote Similarity	NPD1696	Phase 3
0.5714	Remote Similarity	NPD3621	Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.5714	Remote Similarity	NPD4252	Approved
0.5714	Remote Similarity	NPD6079	Approved
0.5699	Remote Similarity	NPD4629	Approved
0.5699	Remote Similarity	NPD5210	Approved
0.5698	Remote Similarity	NPD7154	Phase 3
0.5682	Remote Similarity	NPD4249	Approved
0.567	Remote Similarity	NPD5211	Phase 2
0.5652	Remote Similarity	NPD4202	Approved
0.5645	Remote Similarity	NPD1799	Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.5632	Remote Similarity	NPD4197	Approved
0.5625	Remote Similarity	NPD7640	Approved
0.5625	Remote Similarity	NPD7639	Approved
0.5618	Remote Similarity	NPD4250	Approved
0.5618	Remote Similarity	NPD4251	Approved
0.5604	Remote Similarity	NPD5785	Approved

Bioactivity similarity: Similar Natural Products in NPASS

Bioactivity similarity was calculated based on bioactivity descriptors of compounds. The bioactivity descriptors were calculated by a recently developed AI algorithm Chemical Checker (CC) [Nature Biotechnology, 38:1087–1096, 2020; Nature Communications, 12:3932, 2021], which evaluated bioactivity similarities at five levels:
☉ A: chemistry similarity;
☉ B: biological targets similarity;
☉ C: networks similarity;
☉ D: cell-based bioactivity similarity;
☉ E: similarity based on clinical data.

Those 5 categories of CC bioactivity descriptors were calculated and then subjected to manifold projection using UMAP algorithm, to project all NPs on a 2-Dimensional space. The current NP was highlighted with a small circle in the 2-D map. Below figures: left-to-right, A-to-E.

A: chemistry similarity

B: biological targets similarity

C: networks similarity

D: cell-based bioactivity similarity

E: similarity based on clinical data